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1、Unit 1 Electronic Devices Lesson 1 VLSI TechnologyLesson 1 VLSI Technology BackgroundsText tour Language in useVocabulary Structure Reading/writing techniques2电子信息工程专业英语教程TerminologyTransistor vs.vacuum tubeConductivity&semiconductor Miniaturization,IC,LSI,VLSITimeline of Electronic Technology Evolu
2、tionCompany Information Bell Laboratories Texas Instruments Intel CorporationBackgrounds3电子信息工程专业英语教程Terminology 4电子信息工程专业英语教程真空管是一种内部气体全部或部分抽空的电子管，从而使电子在不受或少受气体分子的干扰下运动。Transistor vs.vacuum tube The vacuum tube is an electron tube from which all or most of the gas has been removed,permitting electr
3、ons to move with no or low interaction with any remaining gas molecules.5电子信息工程专业英语教程A transistor is a device that conducts a variable amount of electricity through it,depending on how much electricity is input to it.In other words,it is a digital switch.However,unlike the vacuum tube,it is solid st
4、ate.晶体管是一种依据输入电量大小而传导可变电量的器件。换言之，晶体管是一种数字开关。然而，和真空管不同，晶体管是“固态”的。Transistor vs.vacuum tube 6电子信息工程专业英语教程Solid state means that it doesnt change its physical form as it switches.There are no moving parts in a transistor.“固态”的意思是当晶体管切换状态时，它的物理形式不发生变化。晶体管中不存在可以移动的部分。Transistor vs.vacuum tube 7电子信息工程专业英语
5、教程Compared to the vacuum tube,transistors were much smaller,faster,and cheaper to manufacture.They were also far more reliable and used much less power.Transistor vs.vacuum tube 和真空管相比，晶体管尺寸小得多，速度快得多，生产成本低得多，性能更加可靠，功耗也少得多。8电子信息工程专业英语教程While most materials either insulate from electrical flow(air,gla
6、ss,wood)or conduct electricity readily(metals,water),there are some that only conduct electricity a small amount,or only under certain conditions.These are called semiconductors.大多数材料要么对电流绝缘（如空气、玻璃、木头），要么很容易传导电流（如金属、水溶液），但也有一些材料只传导少量电流，或者只在特定条件下传导电流。这些材料被称作半导体。Conductivity&semiconductor 9电子信息工程专业英语教
7、程The most commonly used semiconductor is of course silicon.最常用的半导体材料当然是硅了。Conductivity&semiconductor 10电子信息工程专业英语教程Miniaturization means the reduction in size of components and circuits for increasing package density and reducing power dissipation and signal propagation delays.微型化是指减少元件和电路的几何尺寸,从而增加
8、封装密度、降低功耗、减少信号传播延迟。Miniaturization,IC,LSI,VLSI 11电子信息工程专业英语教程LSI：Large-scale Integration大规模集成(电路)Large-scale integration(LSI)came to refer to the creation of integrated circuits that had previously been made from multiple discrete components.VLSI：Very Large-scale Integration 超大规模集成(电路)VLSI circuits
9、can contain millions of transistors.Miniaturization,IC,LSI,VLSI 12电子信息工程专业英语教程Outline Transistor and vacuum tube(para.1,2)Transistors and ICs(para.3)Semiconductors and ICs(para.4,5)Miniaturization:from LSI to VLSI(para.6,7,8,9)Text tour13电子信息工程专业英语教程Vocabulary device，conduct，discrete，manipulate，Stru
10、ctureIt takes(took,will take)time toReading/writing techniques 给事物下定义的方法利用主语或表语从句进行强调Language in use14电子信息工程专业英语教程Vocabulary15电子信息工程专业英语教程A contrivance or an invention serving a particular purpose,especially a machine used to perform one or more relatively simple tasks.设备；仪器；器件；装置A technique or mean
11、s.技术，方法,A plan or scheme,especially a malign one.策略；诡计；谋略 A decorative design,figure,or pattern,as one used in embroidery.纹章；图案device in dictionary 16电子信息工程专业英语教程device in text1.The transistor was originally a single,discrete device,which you could place individually into a circuit much like any oth
12、er.最早的晶体管是分立器件。和其他分立器件一样，你可以单独地把它放置在某个电路中。2.These devices typically contained hundreds of transistors.这些器件通常包含几百个晶体管。17电子信息工程专业英语教程To direct the course of;manage or control.指挥指引的路线；管理或控制To lead or guide.领导或引导Conduct an orchestra 指挥交响乐队To serve as a medium for conveying;transmit:传导,作为传送的载体；传输：Some me
13、tals conduct heat.某些金属导热To comport(oneself)in a specified way:行为，举止She conducted herself stoically in her time of grief.她悲伤时，表现出奇的冷静conduct in dictionary 18电子信息工程专业英语教程conduct in text While most materials either insulate from electrical flow(air,glass,wood)or conduct electricity readily(metals,water
14、),there are some that only conduct electricity a small amount,or only under certain conditions.These are called semiconductors.大多数材料要么对电流绝缘（如空气、玻璃、木头），要么很容易传导电流（如金属、水溶液），但也有一些材料只传导少量电流，或者只在特定条件下传导电流。这些材料被称作半导体。19电子信息工程专业英语教程Copper conducts electricity better than other materials.铜导电比其它材料好。Metal is a
15、 good conductor of electricity.金属是很好的导电体。Wood is a poor conductor of sound.木头是声音的不良导体。The semiconductor is a material whose resistivity is between that of conductors and insulators,and whose resistivity can sometimes be changed by light,an electric field or a magnetic field.半导体是一种电阻率介于导体与绝缘体之间的材料,其电
16、阻率有时会受光、电场或磁场的影响而变化。conduct in use 20电子信息工程专业英语教程Constituting a separate thing;distinct.分立的Consisting of unconnected distinct parts.不连续的Defined for a finite set of values;not continuous.离散的discrete in dictionary 21电子信息工程专业英语教程Large-scale integration(LSI)came to refer to the creation of integrated ci
17、rcuits that had previously been made from multiple discrete components.大规模集成是指将先前多个分立部件构成的电路集成化。discrete in text22电子信息工程专业英语教程Discrete,Integrateddiscrete circuit 分立电路integrated circuit 集成电路Discrete,continuous Discrete-time signals,continuous-time signalsDiscrete-time system,continuous-time systemDTF
18、T:Discrete Time Fourier Transform,离散时间傅里叶变换DFT:Discrete Fourier Transform,离散傅里叶变换DCT:Discrete Cosine Transform,离散余弦变换DWT:Discrete Wavelet Transform,离散小波变换discrete in use23电子信息工程专业英语教程To operate or control by skilled use of the hands;handle：操作She manipulated the lights to get just the effect she want
19、ed.她熟练地操作着灯光，以达到她想要的效果To influence or manage shrewdly or deviously:影响，控制：He manipulated public opinion in his favor.他巧妙地使公众舆论倒向他To tamper with or falsify for personal gain:操纵tried to manipulate stock prices.试图操纵股票价格manipulate in dictionary 24电子信息工程专业英语教程By careful chemical composition and arrangemen
20、t,it is possible to create a very small transistor directly on a layer of silicon,using various technologies to manipulate the material into the correct form.These transistors are small,fast and reliable,and use relatively little power.通过精心的化学合成和处理，运用各种材料处理技术可以在硅层上直接构造极小的晶体管。这样的晶体管体积小、速度快、功能可靠，耗能也比较
21、少。manipulate in text 25电子信息工程专业英语教程Manipulate,exploit,maneuverThe central meaning shared by these verbs is to influence,manage,use,or control to ones advantage by artful or indirect means.manipulates people into helping him;操纵着人们去帮助他；exploiting her friends;利用她的朋友；maneuvering to gain an edge over the
22、ir corporate competitors.策划使他们能比他们共同的对手领先一步manipulate in use26电子信息工程专业英语教程Structure27电子信息工程专业英语教程After the invention of the integrated circuit,it took very little time to realize the tremendous benefits of miniaturizing and integrating larger numbers of transistors into the same integrated circuit.集
23、成电路发明后不久，人们很快很快就意识到了小型化和将大量晶体管集成到同一块集成电路的巨大好处。It takes(took,will take)time to 28电子信息工程专业英语教程Reading/writing techniques29电子信息工程专业英语教程给事物下定义的方法给事物下定义的方法In short,a transistor is a device that conducts a variable amount of electricity through it,depending on how much electricity is input to it.In other
24、words,it is a digital switch.However,unlike the vacuum tube,it is solid state.This means that it doesnt change its physical form as it switches.There are no moving parts in a transistor.30电子信息工程专业英语教程利用主语或表语从句进行强调利用主语或表语从句进行强调The transistor is what started the evolution of the modern computer indust
25、ry in motion.此句可译为：晶体管（的发明）启动了现代计算机工业的蓬勃发展进程。本句采用what 引导的从句做表语，是一种对主语“the transistor”进行强调的表达方式。其意思相当于：The transistor started the evolution of the modern computer industry in motion.31电子信息工程专业英语教程利用主语或表语从句进行强调利用主语或表语从句进行强调What allowed the creation of modern processors was the invention of the integrated circuit,which is a group of transistors manufactured from a single piece of material and connected together internally,without extra wiring.此句可译为：集成电路的发明为现代处理器的诞生创造了条件；集成电路是单片材料制造的一组内部互联的（无额外连线）晶体管。本句采用what 引导的从句做主语，是对表语“the invention of the integrated circuit”的强调。32电子信息工程专业英语教程