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1、口译技巧口译技巧预测、听辨、逻辑分析预测、听辨、逻辑分析听辨，预测关键词（听辨，预测关键词（key words）n词汇层面：名词、动词等实词词汇层面：名词、动词等实词n1.预测词语搭配n随着中国综合国力的_和国际地位的_,中国在国际舞台上越来越令人瞩目。n（国力增强enhancethecomprehensivenationalstrength，地位提高improveitsinternationalstatus）n类似的搭配有“加快改革开放，打开了解世界的窗户，提高机会，促进发展”等。nTheUnitedStatesandChinahavemadegreatprogressinbuildinga
2、relationshipthatcan_thechallengesofourtime,_globalprosperityand_thecauseofpeace.n(meet,promote,maintain应对挑战，迎接挑战，促进繁荣，维护和平）n2.预测表达方式n译员听到“文化在促进国际关系中的作用”,“作用”这个词英语的习惯表达方式“toplayarolein.。”n又如当听到”我代表中国政府和人民，对布什总统来华访问表示热烈欢迎”。译员从“代表。“可以预测出英语的习惯表达结构为”Onbehalfof,Iextendmyto”n篇章层面n1.预测主要成分n从语篇的上下文中预测出说话人将要表
3、达的信息，从而获得相应的语言表达方式或主要成分，如主语，谓语部分。n例如：神州5号的发射是一次壮举，它显示了中国的太空科技几经_.n“达到很高水平，处于世界前列”Practice 1 中国国际旅行社为各位安排了富有中国民族文化特色的中国国际旅行社为各位安排了富有中国民族文化特色的_旅游线旅游线路。路。各位将要游览举世闻名的景点和各位将要游览举世闻名的景点和_，参观雄伟的，参观雄伟的_，观赏，观赏珍贵的珍贵的_。你们还将有机会欣赏中国。你们还将有机会欣赏中国_，品尝中，品尝中国国_。我国人民传统的热情和好客将使各位的访问愉快而。我国人民传统的热情和好客将使各位的访问愉快而又又_。（interes
4、ting,places of interest,ancient buildings,interesting,places of interest,ancient buildings,Chinese cultural relics,operas and circus performances,cuisine Chinese cultural relics,operas and circus performances,cuisine and local snacks)and local snacks)有趣的有趣的有趣的有趣的古建筑群古建筑群古建筑群古建筑群中国文物中国文物中国文物中国文物戏剧和杂技
5、表演戏剧和杂技表演戏剧和杂技表演戏剧和杂技表演烹调和地方风味小吃烹调和地方风味小吃烹调和地方风味小吃烹调和地方风味小吃难忘难忘难忘难忘名胜名胜名胜名胜Practice 2n 我非常高兴能在此会见来自大洋彼岸的加拿大商业界的朋友。我非常高兴能在此会见来自大洋彼岸的加拿大商业界的朋友。“_。”这句中国古话可以表达我此刻的心情。这句中国古话可以表达我此刻的心情。中国政府十分重视同加拿大双边经贸关系的发展，并且非常赞赏加中中国政府十分重视同加拿大双边经贸关系的发展，并且非常赞赏加中贸易理事会为加强我们这两个伟大国家商业界的联系而做出的贸易理事会为加强我们这两个伟大国家商业界的联系而做出的_和起和起到的
6、桥梁作用。我感谢理事会所有成员为促进加中贸易所做出的努力。加到的桥梁作用。我感谢理事会所有成员为促进加中贸易所做出的努力。加拿大是一个工业发达、资源拿大是一个工业发达、资源_的国家，中国则是一个劳动力充足、的国家，中国则是一个劳动力充足、_的国家。我们希望看到加拿大的企业能够充分利用自己在技的国家。我们希望看到加拿大的企业能够充分利用自己在技术和财力上的优势，赢得中国市场。术和财力上的优势，赢得中国市场。(It is always a pleasure to greet a friend from afar;efforts/endeavors,abundant,a huge market)有朋
7、自远方来，不亦乐乎有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎努力努力努力努力丰富丰富丰富丰富市场巨大市场巨大市场巨大市场巨大nPermitmetosayagainthisevening:Letusactaccordingtotheprincipleofmutualrespectand_,totheprincipleofbothdignityandfairness.ItiscertainlyinthefundamentalinterestofourpeopletotradeandbefriendswiththeChinesepeople.Wearevery_byyourm
8、odernizationprogram,anambitiousundertakingwhichmakesourfuture_relationshipvery_.Chinatoday,Iunderstand,istakingapracticaland_approachandwewishyousuccessandofferyouourcooperationinthisgreatendeavor.mutual benefitimpressedcooperationpromisingeffective1.抓关键词语抓关键词语(keywords and expressions)表达信息的关键词语当属实意
9、词,即名词、动词、形容词和副词。在英语口语中,关键词语往往重读。译员抓住了关键词语,整个段落就如“纲举目张”,迅速被译员理解。口译篇章可能遇到的关键词参考口译篇章可能遇到的关键词参考1，与经济、金融等相关的数字题：与经济、金融等相关的数字题：n失业率、失业数字（jobless,unemploymentrate,layoff）n通货膨胀、通货紧缩（inflation,deflation）n股指（DowJones,Nasdaq,S&P（标准普尔500指数）n油价（oilprice,crudeoil,barrel,OPEC(石油输出国组织）n房地产市场（realestate）n汇率（exchange
10、rate）n利率（interestrate）n2，现代人的健康问题现代人的健康问题n饮食（diet）n运动（exercises,sedentary（久坐不动的)lifestyle）n吸烟等不良生活方式（caffeine,tobacco,nicotine,drugabuse滥用药品,substancedependence药物依赖）n压力（stress）n肥胖症（obesity,overeating,calorie）n与家庭成员和朋友相聚(afamilyreunion)n旅行与度假(travellingandvacation)n3，对现代科技的正反两方面讨论对现代科技的正反两方面讨论n电视n互联网
11、（addiction,e-commerce,privacy,fraud）n社交网站（socialnetworking,anonymity匿名,virtualreality）n通讯设备（convenience,face-to-facecommunication）n新兴媒体（emergingmedia,advertising）n高科技与教育的结合（teenager,adolescent,budget,onlinecourses）4，职场指南职场指南n就业市场（schoolleaver,recruitment,competition）n面试诀窍（interviewingtips）n与同事、上级沟通（
12、colleague,supervisor,superior）n提高工作效率（efficiency,productivity）n5，自然灾害等突发新闻自然灾害等突发新闻n伤亡情况（die,injure,missing,hospitalize,homeless,displace,seektemporaryshelter）n对交通、电力、学校、商家等的影响（blackout,cripple,paralyze,delay,cancel）n交通事故及其原因（roadaccident,causes）6，对热点问题的讨论对热点问题的讨论n救市bailoutn限薪salarycapn创造就业机会creatin
13、gjobopportunitiesn资源与环保（scarcity,strain,carbon,emission,recycling,wastedisposal）n移民（immigrant,advocate,liberal,conservative）n信用与消费主义（credit,consumerism）n自由竞争、市场经济与政府角色（marketeconomy,governmentcontrol,protectionism）n老龄化社会（agingsociety,pension,socialwelfare）n慈善（charity,charitableorganization,povertyre
14、lief脱贫，扶贫,wealthdistribution）n创业精神（entrepreneurship）Practice-What are the key words in this passage?nI am sorry,but weve decided to cancel our order with you.As you know the packaging in the last order wasnt up to standard.This resulted in a high percentage of breakages,which meant we couldnt supply
15、 our customers on time.As a result,they were dissatisfied with our service and threatened to go else where.Therefore we really had no alternative but to look around for another supplier.Keys:cancel order;packaging not up to standard;high percentage of breakages nThis is a happy and memorable occasio
16、n for me personally as well as for all the members of my delegation.Id like to thank you for the gracious hospitality and the warmth with which we have been received.I am very happy with your arrangement.In accepting your gracious invitation to Shanghai,I have an excellent opportunity to learn about
17、 the investment environment here.It is my sincere wish that we should reach an agreement on the establishment of joint venture in this most promising city.Key Words:Hospitality,investment environment,agreement,joint venture2.注意篇章标记注意篇章标记(discourse markers)n即席讲话者在开口之前,脑子里就已经形成了一幅粗线条“草图”;接受采访的人在听到问题之后
18、,也会迅速构思,简单地在脑中列出一些“提纲”。但这种草图或提纲是模糊的,不完整的,需要在讲话过程中逐渐加以完善。讲话者会运用一些标记来提醒自己和听者,哪些是要点,顺序如何,做出什么结论等。译者必须时刻注意这些标记,以此为辅助线索,“顺藤摸瓜”找到讲话要旨。人们在非正式场合常用的语篇标记可大致分为以下几类:n(1)时间顺序:In the first p lace,Next,Previously,Secondly,After that,While,Then,Last,Whenn(2)强调:The point you must remember is.Id like to emphasize.Let
19、 me repeat.The next point is crucial to my argument.n(3)解释:In other words,Let me put it this way.That is to say.n(4)举例:For example,For instance,Lets take.An example of this was.n（5)转换话题:Now lets(think about,look at,consider,turn our attention to).逻辑关系标识词（线索词）逻辑关系标识词（线索词）n先后次序：先后次序：first of all,next,
20、previously,simultaneously,eventually 并列关系：并列关系：and,too,meanwhile,in the meantime 递进关系：递进关系：also,moreover,in addition,furthermore,besides,not only,on top of that 转折关系：转折关系：but,however,though,whereas,nevertheless,instead,in fact 让步关系：让步关系：although,despite,in spite of,even though 因果关系：因果关系：so,thus,henc
21、e,as a result,consequently,reason,because,for,due to,accordingly,lead to 对照关系：对照关系：like,likewise,similarly,in a similar manner,as well as,in common with,both,compared to 对比关系：对比关系：different from,unlike,by contrast,on the other hand,on the contrary,conversely 解释关系：解释关系：that is to say,in other words,t
22、his means 条件关系：条件关系：if,unless,once,provided that,in case(of),had I known,were this to happen 举例关系：举例关系：for example/instance,in this case,namely,such as,a case in point 归纳总结：归纳总结：on the whole,in brief,to sum up,in conclusion,in summary,to conclude,in short Practice-找出这段文字的连接词找出这段文字的连接词nWell,I joined
23、the company as a marketing assistant back in 1997 and my duties then were quite different to m y present duties as product manager.Now,Im responsible for both our soap range and hair-care products,whereas before I was getting general marking experience.For ex amp le,I assisted the marketing manager
24、by collecting and analyzing data.In particular,I was involved in market research for our soap products.My responsibilities have changed a lot,of course.In those days,I used to be just a member of a team,but now,Ive got five people working under me and Im completely responsible for the launch of a ne
25、w range of hair product s next year.Theres a lot more work.On the other hand,its much more varied.The actual hours I spend in the off ice are nearly the same as before.However,I do tend to take more work home these days.This is something our marketing manager,who is directly above me,thinks quite no
26、rmal.KeysnWell,I joined the company as a marketing assistant back in 1997 and my duties then(时间顺序)w ere quite different to m y present duties as product manager.Now,(时间顺序)Im responsible for both our soap range and hair2care products,whereas before(对比)I was getting general marking experience.For ex a
27、mple,(举例)I assisted the marketing manager by collecting and analyzing data.In particular,(强调)I was involved in market research for our soap products.My responsibilities have changed a lot,of course.In those day s,(时间顺序)I used to be just a member of a team,but now,(转折)Ive go t five people working und
28、er me and Im completely responsible for the launch of anew range of hair product s next year.Theres a lot more work.On the other hand,(对比)its much mo re varied.The actual hours I spend in the off ice are nearly the same as before.However,(递进)I do tend to take mo re work home these days.This is something our marketing manager,w ho is directly above me,thinks quite normal.