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1、1.动词动词(dngc)不定式的用法不定式的用法1.作主语作主语2.作宾语作宾语(bny)3.作定语作定语4.作表语作表语5.作宾补作宾补6.作状语作状语动词动词(dngc)不定式不定式2.动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式的时态和语态3.巩固练习巩固练习第一页,共32页。1.动词动词(dngc)不定式作主语不定式作主语动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称人称(rnchng)单数。单数。Togettherebycarwilltakeawholeday.Howtogetenoughmoneyisstillaquestion.第二页,共32页。1.动词动词(dngc)
2、不定式作主语不定式作主语有时候为了保持句子平衡,常用有时候为了保持句子平衡,常用(chnyn)it作形式主语,放到句作形式主语,放到句首,而将作真实主语的动词不定式首,而将作真实主语的动词不定式放到句末。放到句末。Itwilltakeawholedaytogettherebycar.Itisimpossibleformetofinishtheworkinaweek.第三页,共32页。2.动词动词(dngc)不定式作宾语不定式作宾语动词不定式作宾语常用动词不定式作宾语常用(chnyn)于于下列动词后:下列动词后:want,agree,decide,manage,wish,hope,ask,lik
3、e,love,choose,promise,continue,plan,learn,expect,offer,prepare,refuse,pretend,attempt,intend,threaten,seek,hesitate,long,desire,fail等等等等(dndn)。第四页,共32页。动词动词(dngc)不定式作宾语应注意的不定式作宾语应注意的问题问题1.有些动词后跟动词不定式和动名词作宾语(bny)意义截然不同try,goon,stop,mean,regret,remember,forget等等第五页,共32页。trytodosth.尽力去做某事尽力去做某事trydoing
4、sth.试一试,试试看试一试,试试看Tryknockingatthebackdoorifnobodyhearsyouatthefrontdoor.Trytogetthereontime.第六页,共32页。forgettodosth.忘了去做某事忘了去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘了做过某事忘了做过某事IforgettellingheraboutitIforgettobringthepursewithmewhenIlefthomethismorning.第七页,共32页。remembertodosth.记住记住(jzh)去去做某事做某事rememberdoingsth.记得记得(jde)
5、做过某做过某事事Irememberreadingthestoryinsomebook.Remembertoposttheletterformewhenyougotothepostoffice.第八页,共32页。动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作宾语(bny)应注意的问应注意的问题题2.如果不定式作宾语而后面又有一个如果不定式作宾语而后面又有一个(y)宾语补足语,这时要用宾语补足语,这时要用it作形作形式宾语而把这个动词不定式放到补语式宾语而把这个动词不定式放到补语后。后。Ifeelitmydutytohelpyou.Ioncethoughtitimpossibleforustofinishthejo
6、binsuchalimitedtime.第九页,共32页。3.动词动词(dngc)不定式作定语不定式作定语动词不定式作定语,它与所修饰动词不定式作定语,它与所修饰(xish)的名词或代词可能是主谓关系,的名词或代词可能是主谓关系,也可能是动宾关系。如果是动宾关系,也可能是动宾关系。如果是动宾关系,不定式主动表示被动。不定式主动表示被动。Hewasthelastonetoleaveschoolyesterday.Wehavemuchhomeworktodoeveryday.第十页,共32页。4.动词动词(dngc)不定式作表语不定式作表语1主主语语和和表表语语都都是是不不定定式式(其其含含义义往
7、往往往(wngwng)一一是是条条件件,一一是是结结果),如:果),如:To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe.第十一页,共32页。2 主主 语语 是是 以以 aim,duty,hope,idea,intention,mistake,plan,proposal,job,suggestion 等等为为中中心心词词的的名名词词词词组组,或或以以 what 引引导导的的名名词词性性从从句句(cn j)表表示示,表表语用不定式说明其内
8、容,如:语用不定式说明其内容,如:My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.My suggestion is to start work at once.What I would suggest is to start work at once.第十二页,共32页。注注:在在某某些些句句型型中中,当当主主语语(zhy)部部分分有有动动作作动动词词do 时时,作作表表语语的的不不定定式式可可以以省省略略符符号号“to”,如:,如:All we have to do is push the button.The only thing I can
9、 do now is go on by myself.All I could do was send him a telegram.第十三页,共32页。5.动词动词(dngc)不定式作宾补不定式作宾补常跟动词常跟动词(dngc)不定式作宾补的动词不定式作宾补的动词(dngc)有:有:(1)可接带)可接带to的不定式作宾的不定式作宾(zubn)补的动词有:补的动词有:ask,get,allow,forbid,prefer,force,inspire,advise,cause,tell,order,warn,teach,permit,wish,invite,encourage等等第十四页,共32页
10、。(2)可跟省)可跟省to的动词的动词(dngc)不定式作不定式作宾补的动词宾补的动词(dngc)有:有:在部分在部分(bfen)感官动词和使役动词感官动词和使役动词后,如:后,如:see,watch,notice,observe,lookat,listento,feel,make,let,have注:注:help后可跟省后可跟省to或带或带to的不定式的不定式作宾补。作宾补。第十五页,共32页。Theteacherhadusrecitethetexteveryday.Iwaslettodotheexperimentalone.Washenoticedtoleavethehouse?动词不定式
11、在主动动词不定式在主动(zhdng)语态中语态中用省用省to的形式作宾补,但在被动语态的形式作宾补,但在被动语态的句子中,要用带的句子中,要用带to的形式作主语补的形式作主语补语。语。第十六页,共32页。6.动词动词(dngc)不定式作状语不定式作状语动词不定式作状语用来修饰动词、动词不定式作状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,通常表形容词、副词或整个句子,通常表示目的、原因、结果示目的、原因、结果(jigu)、程度等。程度等。第十七页,共32页。1表示目的表示目的(md):They ran over to welcome thedelegates.Hestooduptobeseenbe
12、tter.2.表示表示结果:果:What have I said to make you soangry?He came round to find himself inhospital.第十八页,共32页。不定式结构表示结果不定式结构表示结果(jigu)更常见于下列更常见于下列句型:句型:soastoWouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle/tellmethetime?such()astoImnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.enoughtoTheboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.tooto5.onlytodo表示一
13、种意想不到的结果表示一种意想不到的结果(jigu)Eg:Wewenttothetrainstationonlytofindthatthetrainhadleft.第十九页,共32页。当当too前有前有only时,时,onlytooto译作译作(yzu)肯定。肯定。Iamonlytoopleasedtohelpyou.当不定式前有表否定意义的词时,译作当不定式前有表否定意义的词时,译作(yzu)肯定。肯定。Wearenevertoooldtolearn.第二十页,共32页。动词动词(dngc)不定不定式的时态式的时态1.I opened the door to enter the room.3.
14、Mr.Smith is going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.一般一般(ybn)式式(to do).不定式的一般式所不定式的一般式所表示的动作(状态)表示的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时(或几乎(jh)同时)发生,同时)发生,或之后发生。或之后发生。2.saw her enter the room.第二十一页,共32页。.进行进行(jnxng)式式(to be doing)1.I am very glad to be working with you.2.Hepretendedto be reading whenhismothercame
15、intohisroom.不定式的进行式表示正在不定式的进行式表示正在进行的动作进行的动作(dngzu),和和谓语动词所表示的动作谓语动词所表示的动作(dngzu)同时进行。同时进行。动词动词(dngc)不定不定式的时态式的时态第二十二页,共32页。动词动词(dngc)不定不定式的时态式的时态.完成完成(wn chng)式(式(to have done)1.I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.2.You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr.Smith.不定式的完成不定式的完成(wn chng)
16、式式表示的动作在表示的动作在谓语表示的动谓语表示的动作之前发生。作之前发生。第二十三页,共32页。巩固(gngg)练习1.Several of these washes and dryers are out of order and_.A.need to be repairingB.repairing is required of themC.require that they be repaired.D.need to be repaired.解析:and并列(bngli)谓语动词,need to be repaired相当于need repairing.D第二十四页,共32页。2.I wi
17、sh you had brought your family with you.Ill get them _ next time.A.coming B.to come C.come D.have comeB解析(ji x):使役动词get后跟带to的动词不定式作宾补,let,make,have后跟省to的动词不定式作宾补。第二十五页,共32页。3.We climbed to the top of the tower _a better view of the area.A.getting B.got C.having got D.to getD解析(ji x):动词不定式作目的状语,其余几个没
18、这功能。第二十六页,共32页。4.What is the way Smith thought of _ enough money to buy the new house.A.getting B.having got C.being got D.to getD解析:名词the way后跟有两个定语,一个(y)是定语从句Smith thought of,一个(y)是动词不定式to get enough money to buy the new house.第二十七页,共32页。5.The young assistant was noticed _ the bank alone last nigh
19、t.A.entering B.enter C.to enter D.enteredC解析(ji x):感官动词后可跟现在分词和省to的动词不定式作宾补。不定式表示全过程,现在分词表示正在进行。在被动语态中用带to的动词不定式作主语补语。第二十八页,共32页。6.Wang Dong wanted to surf the Internet,but his father told him _.A.not to do B.not do it C.do not to D.not toD解析:tell sb.(not)to do sth.为了避免(bmin)重复,后面省略了surf the Interne
20、t.第二十九页,共32页。7.The party was successful,but we thought it a pity not _ you.A.invite B.to invite C.inviting D.to have invitedD解析:it为形式宾语,动词不定式作真实宾语,没有邀请这动作发生在晚会(wnhu)前,故用动词不定式的完成式。第三十页,共32页。小结(xioji)要掌握动词不定式的用法,重点要识记和区分(qfn)一些特殊动词。如哪些动词后跟动词不定式作宾语,哪些动词后跟动名词作宾语;哪些动词后根省to的或带to的不定式作宾补,哪些动词后跟现在分词作宾补等。动词不定式的时态和语态关键要弄清不定式所表示的动作和句子谓语动词所表示动作的时间先后顺序以及动词不定式和句子主语、宾语或所修饰词的关系。第三十一页,共32页。See you next time!第三十二页,共32页。