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1、Lesson 9 Transmission Lines通信与电子信息专业英语教程通信与电子信息专业英语教程通信与电子信息专业英语教程通信与电子信息专业英语教程陈杰美、刘洪盛、饶渐升陈杰美、刘洪盛、饶渐升陈杰美、刘洪盛、饶渐升陈杰美、刘洪盛、饶渐升电子工业出版社电子工业出版社电子工业出版社电子工业出版社 10/29/20221Lesson 9 Transmission Linesn nBackgroundsn nText tour n nLanguage in usen nVocabulary Vocabulary n nStructureStructure n nReading/writing
2、 techniquesReading/writing techniques10/29/20222Backgroundsn nTerminologyTerminologyn nconductor conductor n nnoise interference noise interference n n load load n nresistance,inductance,capacitance,and conductanceresistance,inductance,capacitance,and conductancen nBalun Balun n nelectrostatic elect
3、rostatic n nstray capacitancestray capacitancen ndielectric&permittivity dielectric&permittivity n nReflectometry Reflectometry 10/29/20223conductorn nOne who conducts,especially:One who conducts,especially:n n指挥者,尤指:指挥者,尤指:指挥者,尤指:指挥者,尤指:n nOne who is in charge of a railroad train,bus,or streetcar.O
4、ne who is in charge of a railroad train,bus,or streetcar.n n车长:火车,汽车或电车的管理员车长:火车,汽车或电车的管理员车长:火车,汽车或电车的管理员车长:火车,汽车或电车的管理员n nOne who directs an orchestra or other such group.One who directs an orchestra or other such group.n n【音乐】【音乐】【音乐】【音乐】指挥家:指挥交响乐队或类似团体的人指挥家:指挥交响乐队或类似团体的人指挥家:指挥交响乐队或类似团体的人指挥家:指挥交响乐
5、队或类似团体的人n nA substance or medium that conducts heat,light,sound,or A substance or medium that conducts heat,light,sound,or especially an electric charge.especially an electric charge.n n【物理学】【物理学】【物理学】【物理学】导体:传导热、光、声或特别是电荷的物质或介质导体:传导热、光、声或特别是电荷的物质或介质导体:传导热、光、声或特别是电荷的物质或介质导体:传导热、光、声或特别是电荷的物质或介质n nA l
6、ightning rod,as on a house or barn.A lightning rod,as on a house or barn.n n避雷针,如房子或仓库上面的避雷针,如房子或仓库上面的避雷针,如房子或仓库上面的避雷针,如房子或仓库上面的10/29/20224noise interferencen n噪声干扰噪声干扰n n杂波干扰杂波干扰10/29/20225loadn nn.负荷负荷,重担重担,装载量装载量,工作量工作量,负载负载,加载加载n nwas loaded with worries.was loaded with worries.n nvt.装载装载,装填装填,使
7、担负使担负n nloaded the table with food.loaded the table with food.n nloading grain onto a train.loading grain onto a train.n nvi.装货装货,装弹药,装料装弹药,装料n nTo transfer(data)from a storage device into a computers memory.n ndownloaddownload(下载)(下载)(下载)(下载)upload upload(上载)(上载)(上载)(上载)10/29/20226resistance,induct
8、ance,capacitance and conductancen nResistance 电阻抗电阻抗n nInductance 电感抗电感抗n nCapacitance 电容抗电容抗n nConducatance 电导电导10/29/20227Balunn n不平衡变压器,也称作巴伦不平衡变压器,也称作巴伦 10/29/20228electrostaticn nadj.n n静电的静电的,静电学的静电学的10/29/20229stray capacitancen n寄生电容寄生电容n n杂散电容杂散电容10/29/202210Dielectric&permittivityn nDielec
9、tric n nn.n.电介质电介质电介质电介质,绝缘体绝缘体绝缘体绝缘体n nadj.adj.非传导性的非传导性的非传导性的非传导性的n nPermittivityn nn.n.介电常数介电常数介电常数介电常数,电容率电容率电容率电容率10/29/202211Reflectometryn nn.n n反射计反射计10/29/202212Lesson 9 Transmission Linesn nBackgroundsn nText tour n nLanguage in usen nVocabulary Vocabulary n nStructureStructure n nReading/
10、writing techniquesReading/writing techniques10/29/202213Text tourn nOutline n nTypes of Transmission LinesTypes of Transmission Linesn nTransmission-line Wave Propagation Transmission-line Wave Propagation n nTime-domain Reflectometry Time-domain Reflectometry 10/29/202214Types of Transmission Lines
11、n nbe classified as n nTransmission lines can be generally classified as Transmission lines can be generally classified as balanced or unbalancedbalanced or unbalanced.n n With an unbalanced transmission line,one wire is at ground potential,whereas the other wire is at signal potential.n n平衡式传输线的一条导
12、线接地,而另一条则与平衡式传输线的一条导线接地,而另一条则与平衡式传输线的一条导线接地,而另一条则与平衡式传输线的一条导线接地,而另一条则与信号电位相同。信号电位相同。信号电位相同。信号电位相同。10/29/202215Types of Transmission Linesn nIf this is the case,the ground wire must go wherever any of the signal wires go.n n在这种情况下,有信号导线的地方就必须有地在这种情况下,有信号导线的地方就必须有地在这种情况下,有信号导线的地方就必须有地在这种情况下,有信号导线的地方就必
13、须有地线线线线.10/29/202216Types of Transmission Linesn nThe primary constants of twisted-pair cable are its electrical parameters(resistance,inductance,capacitance,and conductance),which are subject to variations with the physical environment such as temperature,moisture,and mechanical stress and depend o
14、n manufacturing deviationsn n电参数(阻抗、感抗、容抗和电导率)是双绞线的主要参数,这电参数(阻抗、感抗、容抗和电导率)是双绞线的主要参数,这电参数(阻抗、感抗、容抗和电导率)是双绞线的主要参数,这电参数(阻抗、感抗、容抗和电导率)是双绞线的主要参数,这些参数将受物理环境变化(如温度、湿度、机械压力)的影响,些参数将受物理环境变化(如温度、湿度、机械压力)的影响,些参数将受物理环境变化(如温度、湿度、机械压力)的影响,些参数将受物理环境变化(如温度、湿度、机械压力)的影响,同时也取决于制造工艺的偏差。同时也取决于制造工艺的偏差。同时也取决于制造工艺的偏差。同时也取决
15、于制造工艺的偏差。10/29/202217Transmission-line Wave Propagation n nHowever,in metallic transmission lines where the conductor is generally copper and the dielectric materials vary considerably with cable type,an electromagnetic wave travel much more slowly.n n然然然然而而而而,在在在在金金金金属属属属传传传传输输输输线线线线中中中中,传传传传输输输输导导
16、导导体体体体通通通通常常常常是是是是铜铜铜铜线线线线,随随随随电电电电缆缆缆缆不不不不同同同同,绝绝绝绝缘缘缘缘介介介介质质质质材材材材料料料料通通通通常常常常也也也也不不不不同同同同,因因因因此此此此,电电电电磁磁磁磁波波波波的的的的传传传传播播播播速速速速率率率率会会会会比比比比空空空空气气气气中中中中的的的的传传传传播播播播速速速速率率率率要要要要低低低低得多。得多。得多。得多。10/29/202218Transmission-line Wave Propagationn nVelocity factor(sometimes called velocity constant)is def
17、ined simply as the ratio of the actual velocity of propagation through a given medium to the velocity of propagation through free space.n n我们定义在某种给定的传输媒介中的实际传播我们定义在某种给定的传输媒介中的实际传播我们定义在某种给定的传输媒介中的实际传播我们定义在某种给定的传输媒介中的实际传播速率与自由空间中的传播速率的比值为速率因速率与自由空间中的传播速率的比值为速率因速率与自由空间中的传播速率的比值为速率因速率与自由空间中的传播速率的比值为速率因子
18、子子子.10/29/202219Transmission-line Wave Propagationn nHowever,the dielectric constant of materials commonly used in transmission lines ranges from 1.2 to 2.8,giving velocity factors from 0.6 to 0.9.n n然而在传输线中使用材料的介电常数通常在到然而在传输线中使用材料的介电常数通常在到然而在传输线中使用材料的介电常数通常在到然而在传输线中使用材料的介电常数通常在到之间,所以速率因子一般从到。之间,所以速
19、率因子一般从到。之间,所以速率因子一般从到。之间,所以速率因子一般从到。10/29/202220Transmission-line Wave Propagationn nTherefore,inductance,capacitance,and velocity of propagation are mathematically related by the formula n n所以下面给出了电感量、电容量和传播速率之所以下面给出了电感量、电容量和传播速率之所以下面给出了电感量、电容量和传播速率之所以下面给出了电感量、电容量和传播速率之间的数学关系间的数学关系间的数学关系间的数学关系 10/2
20、9/202221Time-domain Reflectometry n nMetallic cables,as with all components within an electronic communications system,can develop problems that inhibit their ability to perform as expected.n n各种金属电缆都有可能产生问题,这就使得电各种金属电缆都有可能产生问题,这就使得电各种金属电缆都有可能产生问题,这就使得电各种金属电缆都有可能产生问题,这就使得电缆无法达到预期的性能。缆无法达到预期的性能。缆无法达到
21、预期的性能。缆无法达到预期的性能。10/29/202222Time-domain Reflectometryn nCable problems are often attributed to chemical erosion at cross-connect points and mechanical failure.n n电缆出问题通常是由于金属交接点发生化学腐电缆出问题通常是由于金属交接点发生化学腐电缆出问题通常是由于金属交接点发生化学腐电缆出问题通常是由于金属交接点发生化学腐蚀或者机械故障引起的。蚀或者机械故障引起的。蚀或者机械故障引起的。蚀或者机械故障引起的。10/29/202223L
22、esson 9 Transmission Linesn nBackgroundsn nText tour n nLanguage in usen nVocabulary Vocabulary n nStructureStructure n nReading/writing techniquesReading/writing techniques10/29/202224Language in usen nVocabulary n ncancellation,cancellation,longitudinal,reference,shield,reference,shield,winding,pa
23、rallel,deviations,concentric,cost winding,parallel,deviations,concentric,cost effective,impedance,echo effective,impedance,echo n nStructuren nReading/writing techniques10/29/202225Vocabulary10/29/202226cancellationn nn.取消取消,撤销,撤销n nCancellation amplifier 补偿放大器补偿放大器n nCancellation network 补偿电路补偿电路n
24、nCancellation of intensities 振动强度的抵消振动强度的抵消n nEcho cancellation 回波消除回波消除n nEnvelope cancellation 包络补偿包络补偿n nHarmonic cancellation 谐波消除谐波消除10/29/202227longitudinaln nadj.经度的经度的,纵向的纵向的n na longitudinal reckoning by the navigator;made longitudinal measurements of the hull.n n领航员进行经度计算;计算船身长度领航员进行经度计算;计
25、算船身长度领航员进行经度计算;计算船身长度领航员进行经度计算;计算船身长度n nlongitudinal stripes.n n纵向的条纹纵向的条纹纵向的条纹纵向的条纹n na longitudinal study of twins.n n对双胞胎的跟踪研究对双胞胎的跟踪研究对双胞胎的跟踪研究对双胞胎的跟踪研究10/29/202228referencen nn.提及提及,涉及涉及,参考参考,参考书目参考书目,证明书证明书(人人)n nwith reference to;in reference to.n n关于;就关于;就关于;就关于;就而言而言而言而言n nreference frame 参
26、考帧参考帧n nReference system 参考系统参考系统10/29/202229shieldn nn.防护物防护物,护罩护罩,盾盾,盾状物盾状物n n【电】【电】屏蔽屏蔽n nElectrostatic shield 静电屏蔽静电屏蔽n nMagnetic shield 磁屏(蔽)磁屏(蔽)n nShield cable 屏蔽电缆屏蔽电缆n nShield grid 屏蔽栅(极屏蔽栅(极)10/29/202230windingn nn.绕绕,缠缠,绕组绕组,线圈线圈n nan armature with its wire winding.n n绕有金属线的电枢绕有金属线的电枢绕有金属
27、线的电枢绕有金属线的电枢n nAmpere winding 安(培)匝(数)安(培)匝(数)n nBias winding 偏压线圈偏压线圈10/29/202231paralleln nadj.平行的平行的,相同的相同的,类似的类似的,并联的并联的n nn.平行线平行线,平行面平行面,类似类似,相似物相似物n nv.相应相应,平行平行n n【电】【电】并联的并联的n n【计】【计】并行的,同时输送的并行的,同时输送的n nParallel data transmission Parallel data transmission 并行数据传输并行数据传输并行数据传输并行数据传输10/29/202
28、232deviationn nn.n.背背背背离离n n“Vice was a deviation from our nature”(Henry“Vice was a deviation from our nature”(Henry Fielding)Fielding)n n“不道德行为就是背离我们生活常轨的行为不道德行为就是背离我们生活常轨的行为不道德行为就是背离我们生活常轨的行为不道德行为就是背离我们生活常轨的行为”(”(亨利亨利亨利亨利 菲尔丁菲尔丁菲尔丁菲尔丁)n n离差:差别离差:差别n nDeviation absorption Deviation absorption 偏移吸收偏
29、移吸收偏移吸收偏移吸收n nDeviation from mean Deviation from mean 均值离差均值离差均值离差均值离差 n nFrequency deviation Frequency deviation 频率偏移频率偏移频率偏移频率偏移n nMean square deviation Mean square deviation 均方差均方差均方差均方差10/29/202233concentricn nadj.同中心的同中心的n nconcentric circles 同心圆同心圆n nBe concentric with 与与同心(轴)的同心(轴)的10/29/2022
30、34cost effectiven n经济有效的经济有效的n ncost effectiveness 成本效率成本效率10/29/202235impedancen nn.电电阻抗阻抗,全电阻全电阻,物物阻抗阻抗10/29/202236echon nn.回声回声,回音回音,回波回波n nvi.发回声发回声,随声附和随声附和n nvt.摹仿摹仿,重复重复,反射反射n n计计 禁止禁止(或允许或允许)在屏幕上显示批处理命在屏幕上显示批处理命令行令行n nEchoed signal 反射信号反射信号10/29/202237echon na fashion that is an echo of an e
31、arlier style.a fashion that is an echo of an earlier style.n n仿效早期时尚的流行风潮仿效早期时尚的流行风潮仿效早期时尚的流行风潮仿效早期时尚的流行风潮n nfound echoes of past civilizations while examining artifacts found echoes of past civilizations while examining artifacts in the Middle East.in the Middle East.n n在调查中东的史前古器物时,发现了旧时文明的遗迹在调查中东
32、的史前古器物时,发现了旧时文明的遗迹在调查中东的史前古器物时,发现了旧时文明的遗迹在调查中东的史前古器物时,发现了旧时文明的遗迹n nTheir demand for justice found an echo in communities Their demand for justice found an echo in communities across the nation.across the nation.n n他们对正义的要求在全国各社区内引起了共鸣他们对正义的要求在全国各社区内引起了共鸣他们对正义的要求在全国各社区内引起了共鸣他们对正义的要求在全国各社区内引起了共鸣n nHer
33、 resignation had echoes throughout the department.Her resignation had echoes throughout the department.n n她的辞职影响了整个部门她的辞职影响了整个部门她的辞职影响了整个部门她的辞职影响了整个部门n nrooms echoing with laughter.rooms echoing with laughter.n n房间里充满了笑声房间里充满了笑声房间里充满了笑声房间里充满了笑声10/29/202238Structure10/29/202239Reading/Writing Techniques10/29/202240The end of lesson 9Thanks!10/29/202241