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1、动词动词(dngc)的时态：的时态：用用play的正确形式填空：的正确形式填空：Tom _ football often.Tom _ football this afternoon.Tom _ football last Sunday.Tom _ football now.Tom _ football at five yesterday.Tom _ football for an hour.Tom _ football before I called him.第一页，共34页。高三英语总复习语法系列高三英语总复习语法系列(xli)训练训练被被 动动 语语 态态 详详 解解第二页，共34页。Ch
2、angethefollowingsentencesintothePassiveVoice1.They make TV sets in that factory.2.Northwest China grows the best cotton.3.They use this room for playing Ping pong.4.Bell invented the telephone in 1876.TV sets are made in that factory The best cotton is grown in Northwest China.This room is used for
3、playing Ping pongThe telephone was invented by Bell in 1876.第三页，共34页。5.The manager made them work 10 hours a day.6.China has sent up man made satellites into space7.You should water trees often.8.You must not plant trees in very dry earth.They were made to work 10 hours a day.Man made satellites hav
4、e been sent up into space.Trees should be watered often.Trees must not be planted in very dry earth.第四页，共34页。(一一)语语 态态 分分 类类英英语语(yny)动动词词有有两两种种语语态态，主主动动语语态态和和被被动动语语态态。主主动动语语态态表表示示主主语语是是动动作作的的执执行行者者，被被动动语语态态表表示示主主语语是是动动作的承受者。如：作的承受者。如：Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动主动)Anewbridgewillbebuiltove
5、rtheriver.(被动被动)汉汉语语中中常常用用“被被”、“给给”、“由由”、“受受”等等词词用用来来表表示示被被动动，而而英英语语(yny)用用：助助动动词词be+及及物物动动词词的的过过去分词构成。去分词构成。第五页，共34页。(二二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 主要体现在主要体现在bebe的变化上，其形式与系动词的变化上，其形式与系动词bebe的变化形式完全一样。以的变化形式完全一样。以give give 为例，列表如下：为例，列表如下：一般现在时：一般现在时：am/is/are+given am/is/are+given 一般过去一般过去(guq)
6、(guq)时：时：was/were was/were+given +given 现在进行时：现在进行时：am/is/are+being am/is/are+being+given+given 过去过去(guq)(guq)进行时：进行时：was/were+was/were+being+givenbeing+given 现在完成时：现在完成时：have/has+been+have/has+been+givengiven 过去过去(guq)(guq)完成时：完成时：had+been+had+been+given given 一般将来时：一般将来时：shall/will+be+shall/will+b
7、e+given given 过去过去(guq)(guq)将来时：将来时：should should/would+be+given/would+be+given 将来完成时：将来完成时：shall/will+have shall/will+have been+givenbeen+given 过去过去(guq)(guq)将来完成时：将来完成时：should/should/would+have been+givenwould+have been+given注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去(guq)(guq)将将来进行时。来进行时。第六页，共34页。(三三三三)被动语态常用
8、的八种时态被动语态常用的八种时态被动语态常用的八种时态被动语态常用的八种时态1.1.一般一般一般一般(ybn)(ybn)现在时：现在时：现在时：现在时：People grow rice in the south of the country.People grow rice in the south of the country.The school doesnt allow us The school doesnt allow us toto enter the chemistry lab without enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.a
9、 teacher.2.2.一般一般一般一般(ybn)(ybn)过去时：过去时：过去时：过去时：They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.The students didnt forget his lessons easily.The students didnt forget his lessons easily.Rice Rice is grownis grown in the south of
10、the country.in the south of the country.We We are not allowed toare not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.The building of a new car factory The building of a new car factory was agreedwas agreed on last month.on last month.His lessons His
11、lessons were not easily forgottenwere not easily forgotten.第七页，共34页。3.一般将来一般将来(jingli)时：时：They will send cars abroad by sea.They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers.4.过去将来过去将来(jingli)时：时：The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.The workers told me they would men
12、d the car as soon as possible.Cars will be sent abroad by sea.Cars will be sent abroad by sea.Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.The manager said the project would be completed by the end of The manager said the project would be completed by
13、 the end of the year.the year.The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.possible.第八页，共34页。5.现在进行现在进行(jnxng)时：时：The radio is broadcasting English lessons.We are painting the rooms.6.过去进行过去进行(jnxng)时：时：Why didnt the
14、y drive there on time?Because the workers were mending the road.This time last year we were planting trees here.English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.The rooms are being painted.The rooms are being painted.Because the road was being men
15、ded.Because the road was being mended.Trees were being planted here this time last year.Trees were being planted here this time last year.第九页，共34页。7.现在完成现在完成(wn chng)时：时：Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off.We have brought down the price.8.过去完成过去完成(wn chng)时：时：When I got to the theat
16、re,I found they had already sold out the tickets.The whole country was very sad at the news of his death;People had considered him to be a great leaderI have been told the sports meet might be put off.I have been told the sports meet might be put off.The price has been brought down.The price has bee
17、n brought down.When I got to the theatre,I found When I got to the theatre,I found the tickets the tickets had already been had already been sold out.sold out.He He had been consideredhad been considered to be a great leader.to be a great leader.第十页，共34页。9.含有情态含有情态(qngti)动词的被动语态：动词的被动语态：含有情态含有情态(qng
18、ti)动词的被动语态是由动词的被动语态是由“情态情态(qngti)动词动词+be+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词”构成。构成。You must hand in your compositions after class.He can write a great many letters with the computer.Your compositions Your compositions must be handed inmust be handed in after class.after class.A great many letters A great many letter
19、s can be writtencan be written with the computer by him.with the computer by him.第十一页，共34页。(四四)被被 动动 语语 态态 的的 使使 用用1.1.当不知道或没有必要当不知道或没有必要(byo)(byo)指出动作的执行者时，指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用常用被动语态，这时往往不用by by 短语。短语。“Mr.White,the cup with mixture was broken “Mr.White,the cup with mixture was broken after class
20、.”(after class.”(只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的)。2.2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用行者，用by by 短语。短语。These records were made by These records were made by John Denver.John Denver.3.3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用作的承受者时，这时常用in+in+名词作
21、状语，而代替名词作状语，而代替 by by 短语。短语。These cars were made in China.These cars were made in China.15,000 cars will be produced each year in 15,000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory.the new factory.第十二页，共34页。(五五)主动语态主动语态(y ti)(y ti)变被动语态变被动语态(y ti)(y ti)的方法的方法（1）My aunt invited me to her dinne
22、r party.主主语语(zhy)谓语谓语 宾语宾语 I was invited (by my aunt)to her dinner party.主主语语(zhy)谓语谓语 宾语宾语（2）The school set up a special class to help poor readers.A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.1.1.1.1.把主动把主动把主动把主动(zhdng)(zhdng)(zhdng)(zhdng)语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。语态的宾语变成被动语态
23、的主语。语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2.2.2.2.把把把把主主主主动动动动(zhdng)(zhdng)(zhdng)(zhdng)语语语语态态态态的的的的谓谓谓谓语语语语变变变变成成成成被被被被动动动动语语语语态态态态的的的的be be be be+过过过过去去去去分分分分词词词词，时时时时态态态态要要要要与原句保持一致。与原句保持一致。与原句保持一致。与原句保持一致。3.3.3.3.把把把把主主主主动动动动(zhdng)(zhdng)(zhdng)(zhdng)语语语语态态态态的的的的主主主主语语语语变变变变为为为为介介介介词词词词by by by by 的的的的宾宾宾宾语语语语，放放放
24、放在在在在被被被被动动动动语语语语态态态态里里里里谓谓谓谓语语语语动动动动词词词词之之之之后后后后，by by by by 短短短短语语语语可可可可以以以以省省省省略略略略。如如如如果果果果原原原原句句句句主主主主语语语语是是是是地地地地点点点点名名名名词词词词，在在在在被被被被动动动动语语语语态态态态中用中用中用中用in+in+in+in+地点名词作状语。地点名词作状语。地点名词作状语。地点名词作状语。第十三页，共34页。(六六)语态转换时要注意的问题语态转换时要注意的问题1.1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语
25、动词的数要与新主语要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。保持一致。We have bought a new computer.We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought.(A new computer has been bought.(正确正确)A new computer have been bought.(A new computer have been bought.(错误错误)2.2.含有双宾语含有双宾语(bny)(bny)的主动句变被动句时，可分别的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语
26、将其中的一个宾语(bny)(bny)变为主语，另一个不动，变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语一般变间接宾语(bny)(bny)为主语时比较多。为主语时比较多。My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday.如果把直接宾语如果把直接宾语(bny)(bny)(指物指物)改为主语，则在改为主语，则在间接宾语间接宾语(bny)(bny)
27、(指人指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：可以说：A present was given A present was given toto me yesterday.me yesterday.保留保留保留保留(boli)(boli)宾宾宾宾语语语语第十四页，共34页。注意注意注意注意(zh y)(zh y)(zh y)(zh y)：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 totototo，如：，如：，如：，如：bring,bring,bring,br
28、ing,give,give,give,give,hand,hand,hand,hand,lend,lend,lend,lend,offer,offer,offer,offer,pass,pass,pass,pass,pay,pay,pay,pay,promise,promise,promise,promise,sell,sell,sell,sell,show,take,teach,tell show,take,teach,tell show,take,teach,tell show,take,teach,tell 等。等。等。等。The cup with mixture was showed
29、The cup with mixture was showed The cup with mixture was showed The cup with mixture was showed totototo the class.the class.the class.the class.My bike was lent My bike was lent My bike was lent My bike was lent totototo her.her.her.her.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词一般在下列动词后，间接
30、宾语前用介词 for,for,for,for,如：如：如：如：build,build,build,build,buy,buy,buy,buy,cook,cook,cook,cook,cut,cut,cut,cut,choose,choose,choose,choose,do,do,do,do,fetch,fetch,fetch,fetch,find,find,find,find,fix,fix,fix,fix,get,get,get,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing keep,make,order,paint,play,sing keep,make,ord
31、er,paint,play,sing keep,make,order,paint,play,sing 等。等。等。等。Mother Mother Mother Mother made made made made me me me me a a a a new new new new skirt.skirt.skirt.skirt.(A(A(A(A new new new new skirt skirt skirt skirt was was was was made made made made for for for for me.me.me.me.)The meat was cooked
32、 for us.The meat was cooked for us.The meat was cooked for us.The meat was cooked for us.Some country music was played for us.Some country music was played for us.Some country music was played for us.Some country music was played for us.有些既不用有些既不用有些既不用有些既不用to to to to 也不用也不用也不用也不用for,for,for,for,根据动
33、词与介词的搭配关系。根据动词与介词的搭配关系。根据动词与介词的搭配关系。根据动词与介词的搭配关系。He asked me a question.(A question was asked of me.)He asked me a question.(A question was asked of me.)He asked me a question.(A question was asked of me.)He asked me a question.(A question was asked of me.)People all over the world know the Great Wa
34、ll.People all over the world know the Great Wall.People all over the world know the Great Wall.People all over the world know the Great Wall.The The The The Great Great Great Great Wall Wall Wall Wall is is is is known known known known totototo people people people people all all all all over over
35、over over the the the the world.world.world.world.(不不不不用用用用bybybyby短语短语短语短语)第十五页，共34页。3.由由动动词词+介介词词或或副副词词构构成成的的短短语语动动词词，要要把把它它们们作作为为(zuwi)整整体体看看，即即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：不不及及物物动动词词+介介词词，如如:agreeto,askfor,laughat,operatedon,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout等。
36、等。Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.Theproblemissolved.Itneedntbetalkedabout.及及物物动动词词+副副词词：如如：bringabout,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,makeout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turndown,workout,turnout等。等。Hisrequestwasturneddown.Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.第十六页，共34页。4.带带复复合合宾宾语
37、语(宾宾语语+宾宾补补)的的动动词词改改为为被被动动语语态态时时，一一般般把把主主动动结结构构(jigu)中中的的宾宾语语改改为为主主语语，而而宾宾语语补补足足语语保保留留在在谓谓语语动词后面。如：动词后面。如：Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.注注意意：在在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等等动动词词后后作作宾宾语
38、语补补足足语语的的动动词词不不定定式式都都不不带带to，但但改改成成被被动动语语态态后后都都带带to，这这时时不不定定式式为为主主语语补补足足语语，也也就就是是说说不不定定式作主语补足语不存在省略式作主语补足语不存在省略to的问题。的问题。第十七页，共34页。We often hear him play the guitar.He is often heard to play the guitar.注意注意(zh y)：带有复合宾语的句子，如果宾语补足语是名词，：带有复合宾语的句子，如果宾语补足语是名词，变被动句时，应将宾语变为主语，不要误把宾语补足语变被动句时，应将宾语变为主语，不要误把宾语
39、补足语的名词作主语。如：的名词作主语。如：Tomatoes were first taken back to Europe and people called them love apples.误：误：Love apples were called them.正：正：They were called love apples.第十八页，共34页。5.还还有有一一种种(yzhn)短短语语动动词词由由动动词词+名名词词+介介词词构构成成，变被动语态有两种形式，如下：变被动语态有两种形式，如下：1)Wetakegoodcareofthebooks.Thebooksaretakengoodcareof.
40、Goodcareistakenofthebook.2)Youmustpayattentiontoyourpronunciation.Attentionmustbepaidtoyourpronunciation.Yourpronunciationmustbepaidattentionto.用用于于这这类类结结构构的的短短语语动动词词常常见见的的有有：catchsightof,makeuseof,payattentionto,setfireto,takecareof,takeholdof,takenoticeof,keepaneyeon等。等。第十九页，共34页。6.当主动句的主语是当主动句的主语
41、是nobody,no one等含有否定意义的不等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动定代词时，被动(bidng)句中将其变为句中将其变为anybody,作作by的宾语，并的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动将谓语动词变为否定的被动(bidng)语态。如：语态。如：Nobody can answer this question.误：误：The question can be answered by nobody.正：正：The question can not be answered by anybody.第二十页，共34页。7.当当否否定定句句中中的的宾宾语语是是anything,anybody,an
42、yone等等不不定定代代词词时时，在在被被动动(bidng)句句中中应应将将其其分分别别变变为为nothing,nobody,noone作作主主语语，并并将将谓谓语语动动词词变变为为肯肯定定的的被被动动(bidng)语态。如：语态。如：They havent done anything to make the riverclean.误：误：Anythinghasntbeendonetomaketheriverclean.正：正：Nothinghasbeendonetomaketheriverclean.第二十一页，共34页。8.以以who为为主主语语开开头头(kitu)的的疑疑问问句句，变变被
43、被动动时时，用用bywhom放在句首：放在句首：Whowrotethestory?误：误：Whowasthestorywritten?正：正：Bywhomwasthestorywritten?第二十二页，共34页。9.有有些些动动词词(dngc)既既是是及及物物又又是是不不及及物物，当当它它们们和和well,badly,easily等等副副词词连连用用时时，表表示示主主语语内内在在品品质质或或性性能能，是是不不及及物物动动词词(dngc)，用用主主动动表表示示被被动动，这这时时不不用用被被动动语语态态，常常见见的的有有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：等。
44、如：Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。这布很好洗。Thenewproductsellswell.这新产品很畅销。这新产品很畅销。Thepenwritessmoothly.这支笔写字很流畅。这支笔写字很流畅。对比：对比：Thebookssellwell.(主动句主动句)Thebooksweresoldout.(被动句被动句)Themeatdidntcookwell.(主动句主动句)Themeatwascookedforalongtimeoverlowheat.(被动句被动句)第二十三页，共34页。10.下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：第第一一，感感
45、官官系系动动词词(dngc)一一般般用用主主动动形形式式表表示示被被动动意意义义，如：如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。等。Doyoulikethematerial?Yes,itfeelsverysoft.误：误：Itisfeltverysoft.Thefoodtastesdelicious.误：误：Thefoodistasteddelicious.Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.误：误：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.第二十四页，共34页。第二，谓语是及物动词第二，谓语是及物动词leave,enter,
46、reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。如：等。如：He entered the room and got his book.误：误：The room was entered and his book was got.She had her hand burned.误：误：Her hand was had burned.第三，一些不及物动词短语第三，一些不及物动词短语(duny)没有被动语态，如：没有被动语态，如：take place,break out,belong to,lose heart,consist of,add up to等。如：等。如：The fir
47、e broke out in the capital building.误：误：The fire was broke out in the capital building.第二十五页，共34页。第第四四，不不及及物物动动词词没没有有被被动动语语态态，如如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。等。Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.误：误：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.误：误：Aftertheearth
48、quake,fewhouseswereremained.第第五五，宾宾语语(bny)是是反反身身代代词词，相相互互代代词词，同同源源宾宾语语(bny)，不不定式，定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：ItaughtmyselfEnglish.误：误：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.Weloveeachother.误：误：Eachotherisloved.第二十六页，共34页。11.11.在汉语中，有一类句子在汉语中，有一类句子(j zi)(j zi)不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动
49、结构来表示，例如：动结构来表示，例如：据说据说It is said that It is said that 据报导据报导It is reported that It is reported that 据推测据推测It is supposed that It is supposed that 希望希望It is hoped that It is hoped that 众所周知众所周知It is well known that It is well known that 普遍认为普遍认为It is generally considered that It is generally conside
50、red that 有人建议有人建议It is suggested that It is suggested that 1)It is reported that it is going 1)It is reported that it is going toto rain tomorrow.rain tomorrow.2)It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the 2)It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.electric lamp.在英语语言中，被动语