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1、FOOD ENGLISHLesson 3:AMINO ACIDS2022/10/262022/10/26ContentsExercisesTextNew wordsQuestionsHomeworkFood English Food English 22022/10/262022/10/261 Which nutrients exist in food?Protein,Carbohydrate,Lipids,Water,Vitamins,Minerals Dietary fiber(DF)ANSWER is:Food English Food English 32022/10/262022/1
2、0/26carbon2 Which elements include in protein?hydrogenoxygennitrogenOccasionally:sulphurFood English Food English 42022/10/262022/10/26How many kinds of amino acids in protein?How many kinds of essential amino acids in protein?They are?20 8+1Food English Food English 52022/10/262022/10/26New words 1
3、.amino-氨基的氨基的amino group 氨基氨基 -NH2 amino nitrogen 氨基态氮氨基态氮amino acid Food English Food English 62022/10/262022/10/26-yl 基l acyl 酰基l acetyl 乙酰基l methyl 甲基l ethyl 乙基l propyl 丙基l carboxyl 羧基l carbonyl 羰基 u group 基团Food English Food English 72022/10/262022/10/26EXERSICESvaminoacylase 氨基酰化酶 vpeptidase 肽酶
4、vcarboxymethyl-羧甲基vethyl alcohol 乙醇vtricarboxylic acid cycle Food English Food English 82022/10/262022/10/26meta-变化,代谢umetabolic adj.代谢作用的,新陈代谢的umetabolic rate 代谢率umetabolic activity 代谢能力umetabolic balance 代谢平衡umetabolite n.代谢(产)物umetabolism n.新陈代谢umetabolize v.使代谢,使同化umetabolizable adj.可代谢的Food Eng
5、lish Food English 92022/10/262022/10/262)New wordslprecursor n.前体；先驱lgenus n.种类、属lgenera pl.lisolates n.种群 lmutant n.突变异种lsubstrate n.底物 ant.终产物：end productsFood English Food English 102022/10/262022/10/26lexcrete vt.排泄；分泌lfeedback 反馈 lfeedback inhibition 反馈抑制Food English Food English 112022/10/2620
6、22/10/26Amino Acid Neutral NonpolarAminoAcidsGlycineglaisi:nGlyGAlaninel ni:nAlaAValinevali:nValVLeucinelu:si:n,-sinLeuLIsoleucineaisulu:si:nIleIPhenylalaninefenllni:nPhePTryptophanTryptophantriptfnTryWMethioninemeai ni:nMetMCysteinesistii:nCysCProlinepruli:nProPFood English Food English 122022/10/2
7、62022/10/26Neutral polarAminoAcidsSerineseri:nSer SThreonine ri:ni:nThr TTyrosine tirsi:nTyrYAsparaginesprdi:nAsn NGlutamine glu:tmi:nGln QAcidicA.AAspartic acidAsp DGlutamic acidGlu EBasicA.ALysine laisi:nLys LArginine a:dini(:)nArg RHistidine histidi:n,-dinHisHFood English Food English 132022/10/2
8、62022/10/26Amino acids are produced using a range of technologies including direct fermentation,biotransformation of precursors,extraction of protein hydrolysates and chemical synthesis.TEXTThe first paragraphThe first paragraphFood English Food English 142022/10/262022/10/26They have a variety of u
9、ses as nutrients and flavours in the food and feed industries.Table 1 indicates the annual demand,production methods and applications of amino acids in the food industry.TEXTThe first paragraphThe first paragraphFood English Food English 152022/10/262022/10/26Some phrasesvflavour enhancer v风味加强剂vbak
10、ing antioxidantv焙烤抗氧化剂vsweetener componentv甜味成分vfeed additivev食品添加剂The first paragraphThe first paragraphFood English Food English 162022/10/262022/10/26Important amino acids with non-food applications include L-arginine,L-glutamine,L-histidine,L-leucine,L-phenylalanine,L-tyrosine and L-valine.TEXTT
11、he first paragraphThe first paragraphFood English Food English 172022/10/262022/10/26Question for first paragraphvWhich methods can be used to produce amino acids?1.direct fermentation 2.biotransformation of precursors using cells or enzymes 3.extraction of protein hydrolysates4.chemical synthesisFo
12、od English Food English 182022/10/262022/10/26While fermentation or biotransformation processes have been developed for production of all amino acids except.,not all of these processes are commercially viable.TEXTThe second paragraphThe second paragraph在大量的生产中是可行的Food English Food English 192022/10/
13、262022/10/26.are produced by purification of protein hydrolysatesTEXTpurification 纯化purifier 纯化装置purify v.纯化purificant 净化剂The second paragraphThe second paragraphFood English Food English 202022/10/262022/10/26Chemical synthesis is more economical for production of optically-inactive racemic mixture
14、 of D-and L-isomers,TEXToptical:光学的光学的optically-inactive：无光学活性的无光学活性的iso-等,同,异.(P126)isomer 同分异构体The second paragraphThe second paragraphFood English Food English 212022/10/262022/10/26Processes involving amino acylase enzymes may be used to resolve these racemic mixtures.TEXTThe second paragraphThe
15、 second paragraph氨基酰化酶氨基酰化酶Food English Food English 222022/10/262022/10/26vIn this paragraph each production method had be made a brief introduction.vWhich method according to text may produce most types of amino acids?fermentation or biotransformation Food English Food English 232022/10/262022/10/
16、26The last paragraphFood English Food English 242022/10/262022/10/26Because of cell metabolic regulatory mechanisms,particularly end-product repression and inhibition,substantial levels of amino acids are rarely excreted by wild-type isolates.TEXT代谢调节机制代谢调节机制野生种群野生种群终产物的阻终产物的阻遏和抑制遏和抑制实际需要量实际需要量Food
17、English Food English 252022/10/262022/10/26Auxotrophic mutants,which lack the enzyme needed to form the regulatory effector metabolite(often the end product),may accumulate and excrete the metabolic intermediate which is the substrate for the eliminated enzyme效应物效应物代谢中间物代谢中间物底物底物营养缺陷型突变体营养缺陷型突变体Food
18、 English Food English 262022/10/262022/10/26End-product inhibition by the amino acid product of an unbranched biosynthetic pathway may be avoided by the development of regulatory mutants,(having an altered feedback-insensitive key enzyme,thus allowing accumulation of the particular amino acid).调节型突变
19、体调节型突变体关键酶关键酶Food English Food English 272022/10/262022/10/26lEssential amino acids(EAA)必需氨基酸lDispensable(nonessential)amino acids(DAA,NEAA)非必需氨基酸lConditionally dispensable amino acids 条件非必需氨基酸lCysteine 半胱氨酸Methionine lTyrosine 酪氨酸 Phenylalanine lTaurine 牛磺酸SupplementsFood English Food English 28202
20、2/10/262022/10/26Indispensable(essential)amino acids(IDAA,EAA)必需氨基酸必需氨基酸1.Isoleucine,Ile 异亮氨酸异亮氨酸2.Lysine,Lys 赖氨酸赖氨酸3.Methionine,Met 蛋氨酸蛋氨酸,甲硫氨酸甲硫氨酸4.Valine,Val 缬氨酸缬氨酸5.Leucine,Leu 亮氨酸亮氨酸6.Tryptophan,Trp 色氨酸色氨酸7.Phenylalanine,Phe 苯丙氨酸苯丙氨酸8.Threonine,Thr 苏氨酸苏氨酸9.Histidine,His 组氨酸组氨酸(infant)Food English Food English 292022/10/262022/10/26Homework1.Yogurt production process.(PPT,10min)Food English Food English 30