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1、八年级下八年级下Section APeriod ThreeUnit 2Ill help to clean up Ill help to clean up the city parks.the city parks.Infinitives as object,adverbial and object complementRead the sentences.Observe the underlined parts and get their structures.1.wouldliketodo2.asksb.todo3.letsb.do4.volunteertodo5.helpsb.(to)do
2、6.learntodo7.decidetodo8.maketodo动词不定式结构：动词不定式结构：1)Idlike_(help)homelesspeople.2)Shedecided_(tryout)foravolunteerafter-schoolreadingprogram.3)Youcouldaskhospitals_(let)you_thekidsandcheerthemup.4)Mariobelievesitcanhelphim_(get)hisfuturedreamjob.5)Shevolunteersthereonceaweek_(help)kidslearn_(read).6)
3、Immakingsomesigns_(putup)aroundtheschool.Fill in the blanks.tohelptotryouttolet(to)gettohelptoreadtoputupgoReady?visit1.Iwant_(become)apolicemanoneday.2.Hewantsthestudents_(eat)well.3.Theteachermadehisstudents_(come)intothemeetingroomontime.4.Theboywasfree_(go)whereheliked.5.Nobodytellshimwhat_(do)n
4、ext.根据提示完成下列句子。根据提示完成下列句子。tobecometoeatcometogotodo“to+动词原形动词原形”被称为被称为动词不定动词不定式式，常写作，常写作todo(有时有时to可以省略可以省略)，否定形式为，否定形式为nottodo。该形式在句中除了不能作谓语外，该形式在句中除了不能作谓语外，可作其他成分，没有人称和数的可作其他成分，没有人称和数的变化。变化。动词不定式动词不定式Focus on Focus on 基本用法基本用法动词不定式动词不定式可在句中作可在句中作宾语、宾语补足语宾语、宾语补足语和状语和状语等。等。一、作宾语一、作宾语：主语：主语+谓语动词谓语动词+
5、todo1)Youmustlearntolookafteryourself.你必须学着你必须学着照顾自己照顾自己。2)Theyvolunteertocleanupthehousefortheoldlady.他们自愿给老人打扫房子。他们自愿给老人打扫房子。动词不定式的用法动词不定式的用法不定式常出现在一些及物动词后不定式常出现在一些及物动词后，构成动构成动词短语，如：词短语，如：wanttodo,plantodo,agreetodo,learntodo等等二、作宾语补足语：二、作宾语补足语：谓语动词谓语动词+名词名词/代词代词+todo1)Theteacherasksustocometoscho
6、olearly.老师要求我们早点到校。老师要求我们早点到校。2)ItellhimtoarriveonSunday.我让他周日到达。我让他周日到达。动词不定式用来动词不定式用来补充说明宾语补充说明宾语的情况。有些动的情况。有些动词要求动词不定式必须带词要求动词不定式必须带to，有些要求不带，有些要求不带to。.有些动词如有些动词如ask,teach,tell,advise,invite等等后必须接后必须接带带to的动词不定式的动词不定式作宾语补足语。作宾语补足语。1)Myparentssometimesmakemedosomehousework.我父母有时让我做些家务活。我父母有时让我做些家务活
7、。2)Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。.help后面的动词不定式可加后面的动词不定式可加to，也可不加，也可不加to。.感官动词感官动词(hear,see,watch等等)和和使役动使役动词词(make,let等等)后接后接不带不带to的动词不定式的动词不定式作宾作宾语补足语。语补足语。Couldyouhelpme(to)dosomecleaning?你能帮我打扫卫生吗？你能帮我打扫卫生吗？1)Thegirlcouldvisitthesickkidsinthehospitaltocheerthemup.那个
8、女孩可以到医院去哄生病的小孩子开心。那个女孩可以到医院去哄生病的小孩子开心。2)Toexplainmoreclearly,Illshowyousomepictures.为了解释得更清楚，我会给你们看一些图片。为了解释得更清楚，我会给你们看一些图片。3)Shestillworksthereonceaweektohelpkidslearntoread.她仍坚持一周一次去那里教孩子们读书。她仍坚持一周一次去那里教孩子们读书。三、作目的状语：三、作目的状语：动词不定式可表示动词不定式可表示某一动作或状态的目的某一动作或状态的目的，位于句首或句尾。位于句首或句尾。作作宾语宾语：主：主语语+谓语谓语V.+
9、todo作作宾补宾补：主：主语语+谓谓语语V.+sb.+todo作状语作状语下列不定式结构分别在句中有下列不定式结构分别在句中有何用法？何用法？4a Fillintheblankswiththephrasalverbsinthebox.putuphandoutcallupcheerupcomeupwithgiveoutputoff1.Iwantto_myplantoworkinananimalhospitaluntilnextsummer.Imtoobusywithmystudiesthisyear.2.Shehopesto_atleastfiveprimaryschoolstoaskifth
10、eyneedvolunteersfortheirafter-schoolprograms.putoffcallupputuphandoutcallupcheerupcomeupwithgiveoutputoff3.Ourclassistryingto_someideasto_sickchildrenbecausetheyareoftensad.4.Wedecidedto_signsaroundtheschooland_noticestotellstudentsaboutthebooksale.Wewill_eupwithcheerupputuphandoutgiveout4bFillinthe
11、blankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebox.helpmovedomakevisitspendMostpeopletodayareonlyworriedaboutgettinggoodjobs_lotsofmoney.Intheirfreetime,theythinkaboutwhat_forfun.However,fewpeoplethinkaboutwhattheycando_others.Therearemanypeoplewhoarelessluckythanus.Volunteeringourtimetohelpthesepeopleisag
12、oodway_ourfreetime.Forexample,wecanmakeplans_sickchildreninthehospitalorraisemoneyforhomelesspeople.Somepeopleevenstopdoingtheirjobsforafewmonthstoayear_toanotherplace,likeoneofthecountriesinAfrica,andhelppeoplethere.tomaketodotohelptospendtovisittomove4cCompletethesentenceswithyourownideas.Useinfin
13、itives.1.Idliketovolunteer_2.At12:00midnight,Icalledmyfriend_3.ImverybusybutIcouldhelp_4.Summervacationiscoming,andIwant_5.Iwanttotravelalone.Myparentstoldme(not)_helptogiveoutfoodtothehomelesspeople.toaskhimanimportantquestion.topaintthehouseforafewhourstomorrow.tohavealongjourneyabroad.nottodothat
14、becauseIamtooyoungatthefoodbankandanditisnotsafe.注注:另附另附word文档。文档。点击此处链接点击此处链接1.Myfriendinvitedme_theartclub,andIaccepteditwithpleasure.A.joinB.tojoinC.joinedD.joining解析：本题考查非谓语动词。解析：本题考查非谓语动词。invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事。故选邀请某人做某事。故选B项。项。2.Whatareyougoingtodowhenyougrowup?Asinger,butmyparentswishme_ate
15、acher.A.amB.tobeC.willbeD.be解析：本题考查非谓语动词。解析：本题考查非谓语动词。wishsb.todosth.希希望某人做某事，其中动词不定式作宾补，故选望某人做某事，其中动词不定式作宾补，故选B项。项。单选。单选。3.Fatheroftentellsme_toomuchtimeoncomputergames.A.dontspendB.notspendC.nottospendD.notspending解析：本题考查不定式的用法。固定用法：解析：本题考查不定式的用法。固定用法：tellsb.(not)todosth.tell后接动词不定式作宾语补足语。后接动词不定式作
16、宾语补足语。4._thecustomers,therestaurantowneroffersa10%discountforallthedishes.A.PleasingB.TopleaseC.PleaseD.Pleased解析：本题考查非谓语动词。解析：本题考查非谓语动词。topleasethecustomers为动词不定式作目的状语。为动词不定式作目的状语。根据汉语提示补全句子。根据汉语提示补全句子。1.你愿意帮忙打扫城市公园吗？你愿意帮忙打扫城市公园吗？Wouldyoulike_thecityparks?2.莉莉，你能帮我洗碗吗？莉莉，你能帮我洗碗吗？Couldyoupleasehelpm
17、e_thedishes,Lily?3.简没有想出解决这道数学题的好方法。简没有想出解决这道数学题的好方法。Janedidnt_agoodway_thismathproblem.tohelpcleanup(to)washcomeupwithtoworkout1.Ialwaystellmystudents_(play)ontheroadbecauseitsreallydangerous.2.-Ididnthearyoucomeinjustnow.-Thatsgood.Wetried_(make)anynoise,foryouweresleeping.3.Lucyisshy.Shewouldnoti
18、nviteherclassmates_(practice)dancingwithher.nottoplaytopracticenottomake根据句意及所给提示补全句子。根据句意及所给提示补全句子。动词不定式动词不定式结构：结构：“to+动词原形动词原形”用法：可在句中作宾语、宾语补足语用法：可在句中作宾语、宾语补足语和状语等。和状语等。Self-evaluationSelf-evaluationCanyouuseinfinitivesasobject,adverbialandobjectcomplementcorrectly?各个击破各个击破1.FinishtheexercisesinLearning English.2.Previewthenewwordsandexpressions.3.Preview1a-1eonpage13.