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1、医学专业英语词汇构成第讲 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望ExampleMicroscopeCT MRIHIVAIDSSARSCONCEPTMedical terminology is a special vocabulary used by health care professionals for effective and accurate communication.based mainly on Greek Latin 盎格鲁-撒克逊语Dy
2、spepsia,EupepsiaAbdomen,In vitro,In vivo心心 cardia cor heart 肠肠 enteron intestine bowelFeatures Administer,foreign body,complain,laborGene,clone,yin,yang,aspirin Brain death,HFMD,scar tissue-itis,arthritis,hepatitis,gastritisA.c.(ante cibum),B.i.d(bis in die),BP,ARDS,COPD,SARS,TCMAdams apple,venereal
3、 diseasePee or urine?Word elementsWord elements Word root Combining form Suffix PrefixHow you combine these elements and whether all or some of them are present in a medical word determine the meaning of a word.Root Root is the fundamental unit of each medical wordA word root is the main part or fou
4、ndation of a word;all medical words have at least one word root.teacher,teaches,teaching teach speaker,speaks,speaking speakA word root may be used alone or combined with other elements to form another word with a different meaning.alcohol alcoholism(condition marked by impaired control over alcohol
5、 use)sperm spermicide(agent that kills sperm)thyroid thyroidectomy(excision of the thyroid gland)Root as a Complete WordRoot as a Part of a WordCombining FormsA combining form(CF)is created when a word root is combined with a vowel.This vowel is usually an o.The vowel has no meaning of its own,but e
6、nables two word elements to be linked.Chem -therapy dermat -logy Encephal -graphy Neur -logy Therm -meter SuffixRooto+vowel+Combining FormsA combining vowel is used to link a root to another root to form a compound word.gastr/o/enter/itis leuk/o/cyt/o/penia electr/o/cardi/o/gramsuffixA suffix is a s
7、hort word part or series of parts added at the end of a root to modify its meaninggastritisgastr-itis-icgastricgastrology-ologyThree Rules of Word Building Rule 1:A word root links a suffix that begins with a vowel.Rule 2:A combining form(root+o)links a suffix that begins with a consonant.Rule 3:A c
8、ombining form(root+o)links a root to another root to form a compound word.Rule 1:A word root links a suffix that begins with a vowel.leuk -emia Cephal -algia gastr -itis append -ectomy Word Root Suffix terms leukemiacephalalgiagastritis appendectomy Rule 2:A combining form(root+o)links a suffix that
9、 begins with a consonant.Gastr -scope men -rrhea angi -rrhexisUreter -lith Word Root Suffix terms gastr/o/scopemen/o/rrheaangi/o/rrhexisureter/o/lithRule 3:A combining form(root+o)links a root to another root to form a compound word.gastr/o/enter/itis leuk/o/cyt/o/penia electr/o/cardi/o/gramExercise
10、scarcin _ -oma=carcinoma+aden-_ =adenocarcinomaCardi _-gram=cardiogram+electrocardiogramElectr-_=Prefix A prefix is a word element located at the beginning of a word which added before a root to modify its meaning.Substituting one prefix for another prefix changes the meaning of the word.A prefix us
11、ually indicates a number,time,position,or negation.macro/cyte -a large cellMicro/cyte -a small cellPost/natal behind/after birthpre/natal before birthperi/card/itis Inflammation of the pericardium hypo-pref.在下(的);hypodermic皮下的.2)低；次；亚;hypotensioo低血压.super-pref.上;a superstructure上层建筑.超;supersonic超声速的
12、.过分;superfluous过多的.homo-与名词构成名词同，相同;homograph同形异义词.homology相同关系.与形容词构成形容词同的；相同的;homocentric同中心的.homosexual同性恋爱的.Word elementsPrefix RootSuffix Prefix RootSuffix wordEndo-+card+-itisDefining Medical WordsWhen defining a medical word,first define the suffix.Second,define the beginning of the word;fina
13、lly,define the middle of the word.Here is an example using the term osteoarthritis.oste/o/arthr/itis (2)(3)(1)1.-itis means inflammation.2.oste/o means bone.3.arthr means joint.Therefore,oste/o/arthr/itis is an inflammation of the bone and joint.gastr/o/enter/itis1.-itis means inflammation.2.gastr/o means stomach.3.enter means intestine.inflammation of somach and intestine