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1、关于英语句子结构完美解关于英语句子结构完美解释释第1页,讲稿共31张,创作于星期三句子成份句子成份 句子一般由两个部分组成:句子一般由两个部分组成:主语部分(主语部分(subject group)谓语部分(谓语部分(predicate group)句子成份:句子成份:主主谓谓宾宾表表补补定定状状第2页,讲稿共31张,创作于星期三Members of sentence:S-subjectP-predicative O-objectAttri.-attributeAdv.-adverb Oc-object complement 主主宾宾表表补补定定状状第3页,讲稿共31张,创作于星期三1)主语(主
2、语(subject)I like football.The boy needs a pen.句子的主体,全句述说的对象。一般由句子的主体,全句述说的对象。一般由 担任担任,常置于句首。常置于句首。2)谓语(谓语(predicate)说明主语的动作或状态。由说明主语的动作或状态。由 担任。常置于主语后。担任。常置于主语后。The train leaves at 6 oclock.I want a ticket.,动词不定式动词不定式,动名词动名词 或从句或从句名词名词,主格代词主格代词动词动词第4页,讲稿共31张,创作于星期三3)宾语宾语(object)4)表语表语(predicative)He
3、 won the game.On the desk表示表示vt.的动作对象或的动作对象或prep.所联系的对象。所联系的对象。由由n.或相当于或相当于n.的词担任。置于的词担任。置于vt.或或prep.后。后。Tome lost his life in the big fire.He is a student.用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。由由n.n.或或adj.adj.担任。置于系动词之后。担任。置于系动词之后。第5页,讲稿共31张,创作于星期三除了除了be 系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,1)表表感官的动
4、词感官的动词:2)表表转变变化转变变化的动词的动词:3)表表延续延续的动词的动词feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem 等。等。become,get,grow,turn,go,等等remain,keep,hold,stay,rest等等。第6页,讲稿共31张,创作于星期三5)宾补(宾补(objective complement)补充说明宾语的情况补充说明宾语的情况 。由由n./adj./n./adj./介宾介宾 /分词分词 /不定式等担任。不定式等担任。They made him king.I consider the book too expensiv
5、e.6)定语(定语(attributive)对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用常用的的表示表示,通常位于被修饰的成分前。通常位于被修饰的成分前。The black bike is mine.()第7页,讲稿共31张,创作于星期三说明说明1:当定语修饰不定代词如:当定语修饰不定代词如:nothing,anything,everything,something 等时,定语要放在其后作后置定语等时,定语要放在其后作后置定语 我告诉他一些有趣的事情。我告诉他一些有趣的事情。I tell him something interes
6、ting.说明说明2:不定式、短语或从句不定式、短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。这间屋子里的男孩子们是这间屋子里的男孩子们是10班的。班的。The boys in the room are in Class Ten.第8页,讲稿共31张,创作于星期三7)状语(状语(adverbial)用以修饰用以修饰adj./v./adv.及全句及全句,位置灵活位置灵活。通常在句子基本结构之后,通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;强调时放在句首;修饰修饰形容词或副词形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示表示时间、地点、目的的状
7、语时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,一些表示不确定时间(如:一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常)的副词状语通常位于位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。I am very sorry.We often help him.When I grow up,I am going to be a teacher.(从句作时间状语(从句作时间状语)第9页,讲稿共31张,创作于星期三句子类型句子类型简单句并列句复合句第10页,讲稿共31张,创作于星期三
8、.简单句简单句1.Things changed.2.Trees are green.3.We dont beat children.4.He gave his sister the piano.5.I found the book easy.主 +谓主 +谓 +表主 +谓 +宾主+谓 +间接宾语 +直接宾语 主 +谓 +宾 +宾补第11页,讲稿共31张,创作于星期三Nobody went.She became a doctor.The car caught fire.I will write you a long letter.I will let him go.PracticePractic
9、e 主 +谓主 +谓 +表主 +谓 +宾主+谓 +间接宾语 +直接宾语主 +谓 +宾 +宾补第12页,讲稿共31张,创作于星期三.并列句并列句This is me and these are my friends.They must stay in water,or they will die.Its not cheap,but it is very good.It was late,so I went to bed.andorbut soHe knocked at the door;there was no answer.Youre alive!And shes dead.第13页,讲稿共3
10、1张,创作于星期三名词性从句名词性从句状语从句状语从句定语从句定语从句主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句宾语从句宾语从句同位语从句同位语从句.复合句复合句A plane is a machine that can fly.He said that he didnt like her.第14页,讲稿共31张,创作于星期三状语从句状语从句分为九类:分为九类:时间、地点、原因、结果、时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、方式、程度目的、条件、让步、方式、程度1)时间状语从句时间状语从句Wait until you are called.When spring came,leaves turn gr
11、een.常用的关联词有:常用的关联词有:as,after,before,since,till/until,when,while,as soon as,whenever等等第15页,讲稿共31张,创作于星期三2)地点状语从句地点状语从句Put it where you found it.Sit down wherever you like.常用的关联词有:常用的关联词有:where,wherever,anywhere3)原因状语从句原因状语从句As I didnt know the way,I asked a policeman常用的关联词有:常用的关联词有:because,as,since第1
12、6页,讲稿共31张,创作于星期三4)结果状语从句结果状语从句I was in the bath so that I didnt hear the telephone.常用的关联词有:常用的关联词有:so,so that,such that,that 5)目的状语从句目的状语从句Ill show you so you will see how its done.常用的关联词有:常用的关联词有:so,so that,in order that第17页,讲稿共31张,创作于星期三6)条件状语从句条件状语从句If it snows tomorrow,we will build a snowman.常用
13、的关联词有:常用的关联词有:if,unless,in case that,on condition that常用的关联词有:常用的关联词有:though,although,if even if,even though,7)让步状语从句让步状语从句Though Im fond of music,I cant play any instrument.第18页,讲稿共31张,创作于星期三常用的关联词有:常用的关联词有:as,as if,as though,how常用的关联词有:常用的关联词有:so,so that,as far as,so long as8)方式状语从句方式状语从句He did ju
14、st as you told him.9)程度状语从句程度状语从句So long as you need me,Ill stay.第19页,讲稿共31张,创作于星期三Homework1.复习今天所学的句子结构2.自行复习名词性从句的内容(三)3.看试卷,做相应知识点.第20页,讲稿共31张,创作于星期三名词性从句名词性从句1)主语从句主语从句*What he said is not known.*That we shall be late is certain.*It is certain that we shall be late.*How strange it is that the ch
15、ildren are so quiet!第21页,讲稿共31张,创作于星期三2)表语从句)表语从句*That is what he wants to buy.*The problem is that who we can get to replace her?*The reason is that he has lied to me several times.第22页,讲稿共31张,创作于星期三3)宾语从句宾语从句*I understand that he is well qualified.*He said that he didnt like her.*I dont know if yo
16、u can help me.第23页,讲稿共31张,创作于星期三4)同位语从句同位语从句*Where did you get the idea that I couldnt come?*The question who should do the work requires consideration.*Mother made a promise that she would buy me a new coat.the ideaThe questiona promise第24页,讲稿共31张,创作于星期三注意!注意!*that与与what都可以引导名词性从句。都可以引导名词性从句。*what在
17、从句中充当句子成份(主在从句中充当句子成份(主,宾宾,表)。表)。*That在句中只起连接作用,不充当成份。在句中只起连接作用,不充当成份。*that在引导名词性从句时不可省略(宾语从句除外)在引导名词性从句时不可省略(宾语从句除外).That is what he wants to buy.That we shall be late is certain.He said(that)he didnt like her.引导词引导词that&what 第25页,讲稿共31张,创作于星期三状语从句状语从句分为九类:分为九类:时间、地点、原因、结果、时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、方式、程
18、度目的、条件、让步、方式、程度1)时间状语从句时间状语从句Wait until you are called.When spring came,leaves turn green.常用的关联词有:常用的关联词有:as,after,before,since,till/until,when,while,as soon as,whenever等等第26页,讲稿共31张,创作于星期三2)地点状语从句地点状语从句Put it where you found it.Sit down wherever you like.常用的关联词有:常用的关联词有:where,wherever,anywhere3)原因状
19、语从句原因状语从句As I didnt know the way,I asked a policeman常用的关联词有:常用的关联词有:because,as,since第27页,讲稿共31张,创作于星期三4)结果状语从句结果状语从句I was in the bath so that I didnt hear the telephone.常用的关联词有:常用的关联词有:so,so that,such that,that 5)目的状语从句目的状语从句Ill show you so you will see how its done.常用的关联词有:常用的关联词有:so,so that,in ord
20、er that第28页,讲稿共31张,创作于星期三6)条件状语从句条件状语从句If it snows tomorrow,we will build a snowman.常用的关联词有:常用的关联词有:if,unless,in case that,on condition that常用的关联词有:常用的关联词有:though,although,if even if,even though,7)让步状语从句让步状语从句Though Im fond of music,I cant play any instrument.第29页,讲稿共31张,创作于星期三常用的关联词有:常用的关联词有:as,as if,as though,how常用的关联词有:常用的关联词有:so,so that,as far as,so long as8)方式状语从句方式状语从句He did just as you told him.9)程度状语从句程度状语从句So long as you need me,Ill stay.第30页,讲稿共31张,创作于星期三感感谢谢大大家家观观看看第31页,讲稿共31张,创作于星期三