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1、关于膜制造与分离组件第1页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三membranes第2页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三膜过程的驱动力压力驱动-RO,NF，UF,MF其它过程-渗析（浓度差）电渗析（电位差）第3页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三membranemembrane进料进料进料进料透过透过透过透过浓缩浓缩浓缩浓缩压力驱动的膜过滤膜 MF UF NF RO孔尺寸减小泵压力增加第4页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三实验室膜制备实例高分子材料(PAN,PES,CA,PVDF).铸膜液制备：聚合物+有机溶剂(NMP,DMF,acetone等易与水互溶).添加其它助剂(pore-formers or non-sol
2、vents).凝固浴（主要用水和其它聚合物不良溶剂构成，通过相分离产生the pores 和the membrane body)第5页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三必需品PES聚合物 NMP 溶剂水玻璃片刮膜器 NMP甲基吡咯烷酮PES聚醚酚第6页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Poly Sulfon(PS)PS in NMP solution第7页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Cleaning glassplates importantglassplates第8页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Filling the knife with PS solutionMembrane knife(0,2 mm
3、)第9页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Creating a membrane film第10页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Put slowly in the water for.Move very gently to left第11页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Membrane is floating after coagulationAfter coagulation第12页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Take of a membraneOut of the water第13页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三The photo of the produced membrane第14页，讲稿共77张
4、，创作于星期三Make sheets of it in a module第15页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Make a module of it第16页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三More than one membrane第17页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Submerge in a MBR tank第18页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三第19页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三膜结构Porous vs Non PorousHydrophilic vs HydrophobicPolymeric vs InorganicHydrophilic亲水 Hydrophobic疏水第20页，讲稿共77张，创
5、作于星期三Porous Non PorousSymmetric AsymmetricDense(Non porous)Porous SymmetricPorous asymmetricRO,NFUF,MFMFSkinSupport第21页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Porous Symmetric MembranesNuclepore Membrane核径迹成孔核径迹成孔Cellulose Membrane第22页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Symmetric membrane第23页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Asymmetric MembranesDense LayerPorous sup
6、portFiber Support第24页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Pore size第25页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Ceramic membrane pictures(CEM)第26页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Membrane structurestructure:symmetricasymmetricshapes:flat sheettubular:tube(d 3 mm)capillary (0.5 d 3.0 mm)hollow fibre(d 0.5 mm)第27页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Module shapesFlat SheetSpiral WoundTubular
7、Hollow FiberContained vs Submerged第28页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Flat sheet module第29页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Plate and Frame ModuleUFPolyacrylo nitrile(PAN)Polyvinylidene fluoride(PVF)Polysulfone(PS)Sulfonated Polysulfone(SPS)第30页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Tubular and capillary membranes 第31页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Tubular membranewww.vito.be第
8、32页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Tubular membranes(contained)第33页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Hollow Fiber(capillar)Outside In VS Inside OutFrom Catalog of Toray第34页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Capillary 8 inch module第35页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Monolith (demo)Inorganic Membranes-CeramicMF,UFRecently NF-Porous glass-Zirconium第36页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Ceramic tube
9、sFlat sheets第37页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三第38页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Spiral-Wound RO/NF ModuleFlow INSpacerMembranePermeateConcentrate第39页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三第40页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三You can make your own spiral wound module today!Two A4 papersCotton sheet A4(if available)Shears to cutGlue for paperPlastic tube with a slid(prefabric
10、ated)第41页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Reverse Osmose-installation第42页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三+/-various configurations第43页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Deadend and CrossflowOperation modes第44页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Membrane filtration dead-endMembraneWaste waterPermeatefeed第45页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Membrane filtration cross flowWaste waterPermeateconcentra
11、tefeedmembraneAir injection第46页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Dead-end FiltrationtimeYieldYieldCake ThicknessCake Thickness第47页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Cross-flow filtrationtimeCake ThicknessCake ThicknessYieldYield第48页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Semi dead-end filtration第49页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Cross-flow filtrationAdvantages:turbulent flowcontinu
12、ous concentrate dischargecontrol of cake-layer build-upDisadvantages:more complex process layouthigh(er)energy consumptionhigh(er)investment cost第50页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Cascade single pass system第51页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Two-stage recirculation system第52页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Fouling of membranesFoulingReversible fouling
13、Irreversible foulingBiofoulingPore blockingScalingfoul a.1.肮脏的,污浊的;2.恶臭的;(食物)腐败的;3.邪恶的,可恶的;4.下流的,恶语咒骂的;5.(天气等)恶劣的;(风)逆的;6.(比赛中)犯规的;7.(水管等)堵塞的;8.(绳索等)被缠住的ad.1.违反规则地;不正当地n.1.(比赛中)犯规C(+against/on)vt.1.弄脏;污染;玷污;2.使堵塞;3.缠住;4.碰撞vi.1.腐败,腐烂;2.(管道等)堵塞(+up);3.(比赛中)犯规;4.(绳索等)缠结第53页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Resistance Mode
14、lI=ER1+R2+R3ER1R2R3IRmRcRgRpJvJv=DPm(Rc+Rg+Rp+Rm)Separation of resistance factors to Cake,Gel,Plugging,Membrane.第54页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Rejection by UF/MF membranesGlobular ProteinLinear polymerSolutePepsinCytochrome CPolydextranMW(kDa)3513100Rejection(%)90700 Porous supportSelective membrane skinGlobular
15、proteinLinearmacromolecule第55页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Cake layer formationMembraneParticleColloid/proteinCake/fouling layerFlow directionDriving forcep第56页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Fouling in MF/UFDecrease in flux due to:Pore-plugging,adsorption and cake-layer formation No concentration polarization of salts no scalingIn
16、 general concentrated feed solutions containing large particles(size 10 nm 25 m).This results in low back-diffusion rates,fast cake layer build-up and pore blocking low product-fluxes(1/10 of the CWF)Complex cake layer structure第57页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Fouling in NF/ROFouling behavior differs from UF/MF du
17、e to:Lower fluxes and presence of smaller molecules higher back-diffusion and in general no thick cake layer formationCharged membrane surfaces(in general negative)adsorption of colloids and biological matterScaling(CaSO4,CaCO3)第58页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Fouling reduction/cleaningMembrane properties and modu
18、le designOptimum process conditions(low TMP)Cleaning regimehydraulic cleaning(backwash,forward flush and airflush)chemical cleaningrelaxationPre-treatment of the feed(flocculation/coagulation,pH adjustment)第59页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Backwash(=Backflush)SuspensionMembranePermeateFiltration modeBackflushing mo
19、deto drainFluxTimewith backflushingwithout0negative flow第60页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三SuspensionMembranePermeateFiltration modeBackflushing modeto drainFluxTimewith backflushingwithout0negative flowBackwash(=Backflush)第61页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Forward Flush productionforward flush第62页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Back Flush production
20、forward flush&back flushpermeate第63页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三AirFlushAirFlushAirFlushbubble flowslug flowannular flow第64页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Forward Flush with airflush productionforward flush with airflush&backflush第65页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Membrane filtration semi dead-endMembraneWaste waterPermeatefeed第66页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三D
21、ead-end production-run,start building up fouling layerbuilding up fouling layerpermeatepermeatepermeatepermeatefeedMembrane module第67页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Dead-end at end of production runBuilding up fouling layerProduction of permeate decreases at constant TMPpermeatepermeatepermeatepermeatefeed第68页，讲稿共77
22、张，创作于星期三Dead-end with backflush Backflush with permeate duringproductionconcentratefeedpermeatepermeatepermeatepermeate第69页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Dead-end with backwash&airflush Air injectionfeedpermeatepermeatepermeatepermeateBackwash with airflush results in lower permeate useAir injection第70页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期
23、三Membrane filtration cross flowWaste waterPermeateconcentratefeedmembraneAir injection第71页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Cross flowHigh sheering forces in membrane moduleLow fouling layer build upHigher energy demandHigher recoveryApplicated for higher MLSS contents第72页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三At t=156 hAt t=372 hThe effect of
24、 backwash on permeate production:第73页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三RelaxationGive the membrane time to relaxFouling will loosenMembrane structure is recoveringPermeate wil diffuse backOn Off operation f.e.Switching第74页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Chemical cleaningOrganic fouling layer removed with alkaline detergents(Ultrasil-10
25、series)Proteins removed with enzymatic cleaning agents(Ultrasil-60,62,69 series)Inorganic precipitates removed with inorganic(HCl for CaCO3)or organic(citric acid/EDTA for CaSO4)acidsDisinfection with NaHSO3/Na2S2O5 or NaOCl and H2O2第75页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三Membrane resistancein cleaningPAN UF membranePVDF UF/MF membraneCA RO membraneComposite NF/RO membranepHTemperatureNaOClBacteriaChemical resistanceFouling susceptibility2-10 45 C 50 ppmresistant+/-low1-13 80 C 1000 ppmresistant+medium2-8 40 C 5 ppmnot resistant-low3-10 50 C 0.1 ppmresistant+medium第76页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三感感谢谢大大家家观观看看第77页，讲稿共77张，创作于星期三