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1、英文合同常用词汇第一节合同常用词(Usual Wording)(1)当大量接触英文合同，就会发现英文合同中有些词或短语出现的频率非常高，往往影响或决定了对合同的准确理解，下面就分门别类从常见实词与常见虚词两个方面进展具体介绍：一、英文合同常用虚词Usual Function Words1 Here/there/where+介词构成的古体词根本规那么：Here 代表 this，there 代表 that，where 代表 which 或 what 即 here/there/where+介词=介词+this/that/which or whatHereby: by means of; by rea
2、son of this.特此，由此，兹等意。例句：The Buyer hereby orders from the Seller the undermentioned goods subject to the followingconditions:买方向卖方订购以下商品，条件如下：Herein：in this。此中，于此。例句：The minimum royalty herein specified shall be paid by Party B to Party A.在此规定的最低特许权使用费应由乙方付给甲方。Hereinafter: later in the same Contract
3、. 以下，在下文。通常与 to be referred to as, referred as, called连用。例 句 ： This Agreement is made and concluded on _, (date)_(year), by and between_(hereinafter called Party A) on the one hand and _(hereinafter called Party B) on the other hand.本协议书于_年_月_日由_以下简称甲方为一方，与_(以下简称乙方)为另一方签订。Hereof：of this。关于此点，在本文件中。H
4、ereunder：under this.本文件规定。例句：Both parties agree to attempt to resolve all disputes between the parties with respect to the 同双方就本合同规定交易任一条款的适用与解释所产生的所有争议同意力求通过友好协商予以解决。Hereto：to this.本文件的。Thereof：of that.它的，其。Thereto：to that与之，向那里。例句：“Licensed Products means the devices and products described in Sche
5、dule 1 annexed hereto together with all improvement and modification thereof or development with respect thereto. “特许产品系指在本协议附件 1 中所述的装置与产品，及其全部改良与修改的产品与与之相关的产品。Herewith：with this.与此，附此。Thereby：by that means.因此，由此，从而例句：In any one or more of the provisions contained in this Contract or any document e
6、xecuted in connection herewith shall be invalid of unenforceable in any respect under any applicable law, the validityand enforceability of the remaining provisions contained herein shall not in any way be affected thereby. 如果根据现行法律，本合同及与此有关文件中有一项或多项条款被视为无效或不能履行，本合同其余条款的效力与履行将不因此受影响。Thereafter: afte
7、r that，afterwards.此后例句：The Contract for the contractual joint venture shall continue from a period of two years thereafter.本合作经营企业合同，此后应持续有效两年。Therein: in that; in that particular context; in that respect.在那里；在那点上；在那方面。例句：The Leased Premises are deemed to be fit for occupation when the building ther
8、ein is substantiallycompleted.当在那里的建筑物实质完成时，该租赁房屋才认为适合占有居住。Therewith：with that.以此；此外。例句：The Employer shall indemnify and save harmless the Contractor against and from the same andagainst and from all claims, proceedings, damages, costs, charges and expenses whatsoever arising thereout or in connecti
9、on therewith.业主应赔偿所有索赔、诉讼、损害赔偿、支出、花费、费用，不管因本合同产生或与其相关，并保证承包人免于承当上述责任。Whereby: by the agreement, by the following terms and conditions, etc.凭此协议，凭此条款等。例句：This Agreement is made and concluded by and between AA Corporation (hereinafter referred to asParty A) and BB Company (hereinafter referred to as P
10、arty B) whereby the Parties hereto agree to enterinto the compensation trade under the terms and conditions set forth below: 本协议由 AA 公司以下简称甲方与 BB 公司以下简称乙方签订。双方同意按以下条款进展补偿贸易。本句中省略未译2 WITNESSETH, Whereas, Now Therefore, NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS, Know All Men by these presents，In witness Whereof, In
11、Testimony Whereof, Undersigned.24WITHNESSETH, Whereas, Now Therefore 用于英文合同前言局部，In witness Whereof 用于合同结尾证明局部，在第二章篇章构造特点中已有涉及，恕不赘述。In Testimony Whereof: in Witness Whereof.以此为证，特立此证。例句：In Testimony Whereof we have hereto signed this Document on _ (date) accepted on _(date).我方于_年_月_日签署本文件，并于_年_月_日承受该
12、文件，特此为证。NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS: 兹特立约为据,本句话也是用于 WHEREAS 条款之后引出具体协议事项。例句： NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS that it is hereby agreed between the parties hereto as follows:兹特立约为据，并由订约双方协议如下：KNOW ALL MEN by these presents:根据本文件，特此宣布。通常用于前言局部例句：KNOW ALL MEN by these presents that we_(banks name)having our r
13、egistered office at _ (hereinafter called “the Bank) will be bound unto _(the Owners name)(hereinafter called “the Owner) in the sum of _ for payment well and truly to be made to the said Owner, the Bank willbind itself, its successors and better assignee by these presents.根据本文件，兹宣布，我行，银行名称，其注册地点在以下
14、简称本银行向业主名称以下简称本业主立约担保支付金额数的保证金。本保证书对本银行及其继受人与受让人均具有约束力。Undersigned:法律文件末尾的签名者,前面加定冠词 the,是指文件签署者的自称。例句：The undersigned Seller and Buyer have agreed to close the following transaction in accordance with the terms and conditions stipulated as follows: 兹经签约的买卖双方同意，按以下条款，达成这笔交易。3 Notwithstanding: in spi
15、te of, despite.即使，尽管。例 1：Notwithstanding any other provisions to the contrary herein, insurance coverage and limits shall be subject to approval of all the parties.即使有与本合同相悖的规定，保险范围与责任限制应以合同各方同意为准。例 2： Notwithstanding Article 2.2, the parties may agree to extend the Expiration date to such date as i
16、sreasonable in the circumstances if any of the conditions precedent referred to in Article 2.1 is not satisfied or waived on or before the Expiration Date, any such agreement or waiver to be in writing. 尽管有本合同第二条第二款规定，如果上述第二条第一款规定的先决条件在合同期满日之前既未实现又未放弃，合同各方亦可根据具体情况，约定合理延长合同的期满日。4 As合同英语中 as 出现的频率极高，而
17、且用法灵活多变，是典型的自由人。在某种意义上讲，as 使用的熟练程度可以衡量合同英语的造诣。具体用法与含义见以下实例：As放在代表规定的 provide，stipulate，set forth，prescribe 等词的过去分词前，含义为“依照某某25规定。例 1：For purpose of this, Capital Account shall be adjusted hypothetically as provided for in Section 4.6 herein.基于此，应依照本合同第四条第六款调整资金账户。例 2：based on their respective Ventur
18、e interests as set forth in Section 5.2 hereof. 基于本合同第五条第二款规定的各方在合资公司中的权益。另有 Except as otherwise provided 构造，表示“除非本文/某条款另有规定。例句：Except as otherwise provided herein, all notices or demands sent by registered airmail shall bedeemed received 8 days after they have been sent and notices or demands sent
19、by telex shall be deemedreceived at the time of the dispatch thereof.除非本合同另有规定，所有通知与请求以航空挂号信寄出那么发出后 8 日应视为送达收悉，以电传方式发出那么在发送时视为收悉。As 构成 as the case may be视具体情况而定， as the case may require视具体要求而定与 as the Venturers may determine 等短语。例句：The Venture may relocate its office from time to time or have additi
20、onal offices as the Venturers maydetermine.该合资公司视投资者决策，可随时迁址或增添营业场所。As 构成 as of the date of _ (date)短语是英语合同中表示“自某年某月某日起最正式的表达。例句：In witness whereof, the parties have caused this instrument to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.合同双方签订本文件，该文件自以上书就日期即时生效，特此为证。As 还用在 as soon as
21、practical 短语中，意义用法相当于 as soon as possible.例句：During the Employment Period, the Company agrees that it shall recommend to the Board theelection of the Employee as a Director of the Company on the Commencement Date or as soon as practical thereafter.本公司同意在聘用期间，应自本协议开场或其后尽早的时间向董事会推选受聘方为本公司董事。As 与 such
22、连用是英文合同中一大特色，参看本书第二章第三节局部，在此不在赘述。5. foregoing, aforesaid, the said, aforementioned, above-mentioned, in questionForegoing, aforesaid, the said, aforementioned, above-mentioned 一族，一般放在名词前作限定，意为“前述的或“上述的，为防止重复已经提到的姓名或名称。例 1：The Bank shall give prompt written or telex notice to the Borrower of the Inte
23、rest Rate in effect from 时及时通知借款方生效的利率。例 2：The contract shall be written in Chinese and in _. Both language versions are equallyauthentic. In the event of any discrepancy between the two aforementioned versions, the Chinese version 26shall prevail.本合同应以中文与_文书就，具同等法律效力。前述两种文本如有歧异，以中文文本为准。In question:
24、 under consideration; being talk about. 通常表示“在考虑或讨论中的某件事或某个问题，可译为“这或“该问题。例句：All prices to be paid by the Buyer under its obligations of the buyback/counter-purchase Contract 方根据返销或回购货物合同的义务所支付的价格应为世界市场价格，结合考虑该货物的其他交货条件。6. follows, as below, the following这一族都表示“以下，一般放在动词后，而 the following 作为“以下在英文合同中用
25、的较少。这样的例子俯手皆是，恐怕每个英文合同都少不了的。NOW THEREFORE, the parties hereby covenant and agree as follows;为此，双方达成契约，约定如下：NOW THEREFORE, it is hereby agreed as below. 为此，双方约定如下：Now therefore, in consideration of the premises and covenants described hereinafter, Party A and Party Bagree as follows:兹以上述各点与契约所载条款为约因，
26、订约双方协议如下：7. according to, under, subject to, in accordance with, as per, as provided in, pursuant to, in compliance with这一族都表示“依照，根据合同的约定或者法律的规定。其中尤以“according to最不正式，自然用的最少了，而“in accordance with最为常见。例如：In case no settlement can be reached, the case may then be submitted for arbitration to China Int
27、ernational Economic And Trade Arbitration Commission in accordance with the provisional Rules ofProcedures promulgated by the said Arbitration Commission.如未能达成与解，该案件可提交中国国际贸易仲裁委员会根据该仲裁委员会公布的仲裁程序暂行规定进展仲裁。又如：A Photostat copy of the Acceptance Certificate of the Contract Plant signed by the representat
28、ives of照该合同第九章签收。再如：Both Parties shall each contribute their paid in capital in compliance with the items specified in the appendix to the Contract.合同双方应按照本合同附件中载明的工程进展出资。8. Including but not limited to 与 including, without limitation 以及 including by way of illustration 27but not limitation英文合同表达“包括
29、但不限于时，就会用到这几个短语。例如：The time for the performance of the Sellers obligations set forth in this Contract shall be automatically extended for a period equal to the duration of any nonperformance arising directly orindirectly from Force Majeure events including but not limited to fire, flood, earthquake,
30、 typhoon, naturalcatastrophe, and all other contingencies and circumstances whatsoever beyond the Sellers reasonable control preventing, hindering or interfering with the performance thereof.本合同规定卖方履行义务的时间应自动延长等同于由于直接或间接由于不可抗力事件导致的不能履行的期间。不可抗力事件包括但不限于火灾、洪水、地震、台风、自然灾害与卖方无论怎样也无法合理控制的阻止、阻碍、干扰本合同履行的其他风险
31、与情形。9. prior to, no later than, on or before，on and after常用在英文合同中限定日期，prior to 表示“某日之前，提前多少日。on or before, no(not) later than,表示“不迟于，On and after 表示“从某日起。例如：Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any order sort to collect any account on and after September20.自 9 月 2O 日起，甲方已无权承受任何定单或收据。例如：Our terms
32、are cash within three months, i.e. on or before May 1. 我公司的条件是，3 个月内，即不得晚于 5 月 1 日，支付现金。例如： Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract, i.e. not later than December.本合同签字之日一个月内，即不迟于 12 月 15 日，你方须将货物装船。例如：10-15 days prior to the date of shipment, the Buyer shal
33、l inform the Seller by cable or telex of thecontract number, name of vessel, ETA of vessel, quantity to be loaded and the name of shipping agent, so10 天到 15 天，买方应以电报或电传方式通知卖方合同编号、装运船名，预计到达时间，装载数量与承运代理商名称，以便能使卖方直接联系承运代理商安排货物装运。此外，为限定时间更为明确，还常用 inclusive、including 与 included，来限定含当日在内的时间。例如： This credi
34、t expires till January 1 (inclusive) for negotiation in Beijing. (or:This credit expires till and including January 1 for negotiation in Beijing.)本证在北京议付，有效期至 1 月 1 日。如果不包括1 月 1 日在内，那么为 till and not including January 1。10 Without prejudice toWithout prejudice to,常用于英文合同中，表示在“不损害某规定/情况下。例如：The Buyer
35、shall nevertheless have the right to cancel in part or in whole of the contract withoutprejudice to the Buyers right to claim compensations. 不妨害买方索赔权，买方仍有权取消合同的局部28或全部。11Attributable to, due to, owing to, by virtue of, in view of, because of, on account of，considering,in consideration of这一组短语出现在英文合同
36、中都表示“因为，其中 due to，owing to，because of 较不正式，很少使用。例如：Should the Buyer be unable to arrange insurance in time owing to the Sellers failure to give theabove-mentioned advice of shipment by cable or telex, the Seller shall be held responsible for any and alldamages and/or losses attributable to such fail
37、ure.如果因为卖方未能以电报或电传形式发出上述装运通知，买方不能及时安排保险，那么卖方应对此产生的损失与或损害赔偿承当责任。例如：Licensee hereby agrees that its every use of such name shall inure to the benefit of Licensor and that Licensee shall not at any time acquire any rights in such name by virtue of any use it may make of such name.被许可方特此同意该名称的使用应有利于许可方利
38、益且不得在任何时候因利用该名称而取得该名称项下任何权利。例如：Buyer shall have the right to inspect the goods on arrival and, within _ business days after delivery, buyer must give notice to seller of any claim for damages on account ofcondition, quality or grade of the goods, and buyer must specify the basis of the claim of buye
39、r in detail.买方应有权在货物运抵及交付后*个营业日内进展检验，买方须通知卖方任何基于货物条件、品质、等级而产生的索赔，并详细说明索赔事由。例如：In view of the personal nature of the services to be performed under this Agreement by you, youcannot assign or transfer any of your obligations under this Agreement.考虑到本协议项下待你方履行的效劳有人身性质，你方不能转让本协议项下你方的任何义务。IN CONSIDERATIO
40、N OF以为约因/报酬约因是英美法系的合同有效成立要件之一，没有那么合同不能依法强制履行。但是，大陆法系的合同那么无此规定。例如：Now, Therefore, in consideration of the mutual premises and covenants herein contained, it is hereby agreed:兹以上述各点与契约所载条款为约因，订约双方协议如下：In consideration of the payment to be made by Party A to Party B, Party B hereby covenants with Party
41、 A to complete the building in conformity with the provisions of the Contract. 乙方特此立约向甲方保证按合同规定完成工程建立，以取得甲方所付的报酬。12 In lieu of： 一般出现在英文合同中表示“替代的意思相当于根底英语中的 in place of, instead of.29例句：In circumstance provided above in Clause 14.1， Party C or New Company shall, at its sole option and discretion, be
42、entitled to transfer to Party B all or part of Party C or New Companys proprietary rights and ownership of the infrastructure project, under construction or after Completion Date, as liquidated damages, in lieu of computing and compensating the actual damages provided that such transfer shall becond
43、ucted of Party Cs own free will or rendered in the arbitration award as stipulated in clause 23.在上述第十四条第一款规定的情形下，丙方或新公司自行选择决断有权向乙方转让丙方或新公司的所有权及在建或竣工后根底设施的所有权的全部或局部作为约定的固定数额的违约金来替代计算赔偿实际损害，但该转让应为丙方自己自愿实施的行为或根据二十三条的规定基于仲裁裁决的处分。13 In respect of；in respect thereof；with respect to：as regards涉及，至于，在方面英文合同
44、中常用 in respect of, in respect thereof 或 with respect to,表示与本合同/协议/条款有关的问题，比 about, concerning, as regards 正式。例如：Notwithstanding Clause 16.1, Party B shall not be entitled to claim for itself in respect of any Force Majeure in Clause 16.1.不管 16 条第一款的规定，乙方无权根据 16 条第一款为其自身提出有关不可抗力的索赔。例如：Upon the termin
45、ation of the Existing Letter of Credit and the payment of all amounts (if any) owingin respect thereof, Bank Boston, N.A. shall cease to be an Issuing Bank hereunder. 现有信用证一经期满所有相关应付款项支付如果有的话即告终止，北美波士顿银行不再是该信用证项下的开证行。例如：Party C or New Company shall retain all rights with respect to the specification
46、s, plans, drawingsand other documents and Party B undertakes not to disclose the same or divulge any information contained therein to any third country without the prior written consent of Party C or New Company. 丙方或新公司应保存有关说明书、方案书、图纸与其他文件的所有权利且乙方应承诺未经丙方或新公司事先书面同意不披露上述文件或泄露上述文件所包含的任何信息给第三国。此外，Pertai
47、ning to, pertaining thereto 也表示“涉及，与。有关。例如：Broker is in the business of brokering real estate loans and engages sales representative to perform services pertaining to such business.经纪人是在房地产贷款经纪业务中聘用销售代表进展有关该业务的效劳。14 SAY, ONLY 英文合同为明确金额的数量，小写金额之后，在括号内用大写文字重复该金额，在大写文字前加上“SAY，意为“大写；在最后加上“ONLY意思为“整。当然，小写与大写的金额数量要一致。30例如： Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US$600 (SAY SIX HUNDRED US DOLLARSONLY).聘方须每月付给受聘方美元 600 元整。15 In favor of：in ones favor 表示以。为受益人。例如：One original