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1、Hereditary(世袭)SystemXia Dynasty Hereditary system is a system that the name,title and property,etc.are inherited from generation to generation according to blood relations.According to historical records,Yu(禹)passed to his son Qi（启）.This changed the demise（禅让）system of primitive tribes and created a
2、 precedent for nearly four thousand years hereditary throne.第1页/共19页Generations official(世卿世禄)SystemZhou Dynasty Nobles as the officials of royal or vassal states are the lords at all levels.They are in accordance with the principle of primogeniture（长子）handing down from generation to generation and
3、possessing fiefs（封地）.In thisl System,there are the selecting and appointing capable phenomenons,such as Shang tang assigned Yi Yin,King Wen hired Jiang shang and so on.第2页/共19页Military Reward（军功）System Spring and Autumn&Warring States Period War continued,in order to cope with the increasingly frequ
4、ent wars,the monarches（君主）of all countries began to appoint talents with considerable military capability as senior military commander.Recommend(荐举)system:people can be appointed by self-referral or through others recommendation.Its a Bo Le judging horses（伯乐相马）type.第3页/共19页Recommendation-Investigati
5、on(察举)systemQin and Han Dynasties With the establishment of the unified empire,the RI system began to gradually become fixed system based on the Recommend system.According to the order of the emperor and certain subjects,talents are recommend to the center by locality.Through the investigation,they
6、are granted a certain position.main subjects:（1）孝廉：dutiful and clean-fingered（2）秀才：outstanding talent（3）明经：proficient in Jingyi(经义)（4）贤良方正：advise frankly 第4页/共19页Nine-rank（九品中正）systemWei,Jin Southern and Northern DynastyA system of recommending candidates for officials of nine grades by appointed of
7、ficials named“zhongzheng(中正)”who are central prestigious（有声望的）officials.People are divided into nine levels by their merits,namely the 上上,上中,上下,中上,中中,中下,下上,下中,下下（three categories：top-grade,middle and low-grade）Evaluation has three main components:family,morality,ability.The system was annulled in th
8、e Sui Dynasty第5页/共19页Imperial Examination（科举）System It was founded in the Sui Dynasty in 605 ad,improved in the Tang Dynasty,developed in the Northern Song Dynasty,and declined in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,eventually abandoned in 1905.第6页/共19页In The Sui Dynasty The Sui Dynasty was the origin of th
9、e imperial examination system.After the Sui Dynasty unified the whole country,in order to strengthen the power of government,the imperial examination system replaced the Nine Rank Judging System(九品中正制).第7页/共19页In The Tang Dynasty The imperial examination system was completed in the Tang Dynasty.In t
10、he Tang Dynasty,the examination subjects were divided into two categories:the regular(常科)and the general（制科）.Wu Zetian was the first one who created the Wuju(武举)and the Palace examination(殿试).第8页/共19页In The Song Dynasty The Song Dynasty was the reform period of the imperial examination system in anc
11、ient China.The admission and employment range was relaxed.The candidates were selected by the Emperor by himself in the Palace examination(殿试).Officially started to implement Huming（糊名）and Yulu(誉录),and established a new system to prevent favoritism(徇私)第9页/共19页In The Yuan Dynasty The Yuan Dynasty was
12、 a period of suspension(暂停)of the imperial examination system.The Mongolian(蒙古人)paid no attention to the selection of talents in the imperial examination,and the imperial examination were not held again and again after the death of the Song Dynasty.第10页/共19页In The Ming Dynasty The Ming Dynasty was t
13、he heyday of the imperial examination system in ancient China.The imperial examination was divided into three levels:the County Examination、the Academy Examination and the Palace Examination.Start to elect talents according to Eight-legged essay(八股文).The examination content included The Four Books a
14、nd the Five Classics第11页/共19页In The Qing Dynasty The Qing dynasty was a period of the demise of the imperial examination system in ancient China.The form and content of the examination were basically same as that of the Ming dynasty.第12页/共19页 This system lasted 1300 years,almost occupied 2000 years
15、of the Chinese feudal(封建的)society and 5000 years of civilization history.It was the most rational(理性的)system compared with the Nine Rank Judging System(九品中正制)and Recommendation-Investigation System(察举制)before Tang Dynasty.But the examination content of the Imperial Examination System was almost not
16、related to natural science,and it was seriously out of practice,did not focus on capacity.Through the above brief review,it is easy to see that officials selection system in ancient China had experienced an evolution from simple to complex,from low to high.第13页/共19页Modern examination system After th
17、e abolition of the imperial examination,the examination gradually developed to diversification.Although the Imperial Examination was abolished,but was“critical inherited”(批判的继承)by the modern examination system.After the founding of new China,the state has established the College entrance examination
18、(高考)(including the general college entrance examination and Adult College Entrance Examination),Self-examination(自学考试),the National Civil Service Examination(国家公务员考试)and several other large-scale examination systems.第14页/共19页College Entrance Examination System Chinas new universities directly copied
19、 Western Universitys independent enrollment system(自主招考制度自主招考制度),and had been used to early liberation(解放初期解放初期).The general development trend of college entrance examination in the Republic(民国时期民国时期)is from Independent recruitment(单独单独招考招考)to the unified examination(统一考试统一考试).In June 1952,the unifi
20、ed College Entrance Examination System was formally establishedIn 1966,due to the cultural revolution,the College Entrance Examination System was abolished.Until 1977,the College Entrance Examination System was restored.So far the unified college entrance examination is a fair system of talent selec
21、tion,and continually developing and improving第15页/共19页Civil Service SystemCivil Service System in the Northern(北洋)Government and the Kuomintang(国民党)Government Period was established learning from imperial System and Western Civil Service System.In the early founding of New China，The national cadre(干
22、部)recruitment depends mainly on the unified distribution(统包统配)way and examination is only supplement.In 1987,the Thirteenth National Congress（十三大）of the party clearly put forward the establishment of the civil service system,and the provisions of all in business class civil servants shall be adopted
23、 by the statutory examination and open competition.In August 1994,the first central state administrative organs civil service recruitment examination was held in Beijing,from now on,the civil service examination recruitment work achieved normalization.第16页/共19页 The imperial examination system and the college entrance examination shows that selection of personnel through the examination system is of permanent value.Choosing talents by examination is the best choice currently that human beings have made after long time exploration.第17页/共19页Thank you for your attention！第18页/共19页感谢您的观看！第19页/共19页