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1、previewPersonalrelationshipplaysanimportantroleinourlife.itisimportantpartlybecausewearescaredofsolitude.Mostpeople,iflefttolivealonewillfindlifeempty,boringandlonely.whilepersonalrelationshipmaymakelifefunandfulfilling,itmayalsocausetension,evenconflicts.Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplearelivingalone,eith
2、erchoosingtolivethatwayorhavingto.Whilesomeclaimthatlivingalonegivesthemcreativeinspirationandthesenseofindependence,manysufferfromloneliness.whetherlivingaloneorstayingwithfamiliesorfriends,whatisimportantistofindpleasureinlife.第1页/共26页solitary|a.|tendingtospendalotoftimealone|独自的；喜欢独处的asolitarytra
3、veler一位孤独的旅行者tamevt.|makesb.orsth.easytocontrol驯服；控制Hetamedthewildhorse.他驯服了那匹野马。a.(esp.ofanimals)notafraidofpeople,andusedtolivingwiththem（尤指动物）温顺的，驯化的pondn.Casmallstillbodyofwaterformednaturallyorcreatedartiicially|池塘Shehasapondatthebottomofhergarden.她在花园深处有个池塘。inspirationn.C,Uasuddengoodideaabout
4、whattodoorsay灵感Wordsworthfound(his)inspirationintheLakeDistrict.华兹华斯从湖区获得灵感。solituden.Uthesituationofbeingalone独居，孤独Peopleneedachancetoreflectonspiritualmattersinsolitude.人们需要独处的机会来反思精神上的事情。New words第2页/共26页commodityn.Csth.thatisusefulornecessary有用的东西；必需品Ifyouregoingintoteaching,energyisanecessaryco
5、mmodity.|如果你打算从事教学，精力充沛是个必要的素质。.Casubstanceorproductthatcanbeboughtorsold商品，货物sunlightn.Uthelightthatcomesfromthesun阳光，日光Theearlymorningsunlightshonethroughthecurtains.清晨的阳光透过窗帘照了进来。benignn.慈祥的，温和的，善良的cushionn.Casoftbagtomakeaseatmorecomfortable坐垫；垫子creepvi.|moveslowlyandquietly|潜行；蹑手蹑脚地移动Sheturnedo
6、ffthelightandcreptthroughthedoor.她关了灯，蹑手蹑脚地走过了门。第3页/共26页poetryn.|Upoemsingeneral诗，诗歌Shehasjustpublishedacollectionofpoetry.|她刚出版了一本诗集。dictatev.1.saysth.forsb.elsetowritedown|口授Idictatedmyorderoverthephone.我通过电话口授命令。2.tellsb.exactlywhattodoorhowtobehave|命令；指使kettlethemediacannotbeallowedtodictatetoth
7、egovernment.|不能容认媒体向政府发号施令。n.Cacontainerwithalid,handleandaspoutusedforboilingwater水壶anelectrickettle|电水壶priestn.1.C(high)apersonwhoisfamousforbeingthebestatsth.|代表人物ahighpriestofart|艺术宗师2.C|神父；牧aremarkableoldIrishpriest|一位杰出的爱尔兰老牧师第4页/共26页reliancen.CUthestateofdependingonaparticularpersonorthing|依靠
8、，依Youplacetoomuchrelianceonherideasandexpertise.|你太依赖她的主意和知识了。self-reliance|n.|Uthestateofdoingordecidingthingsbyoneselfratherthandependingonothers|自立；自力更生ThePrimeMinistercalledformoreeconomicself-reliance.|首相号召更大程度上的经济自力更生。hutn.Casmall,simplebuilding小屋heworkmenputupahutwheretheycouldhavetheirfood.|
9、工人们搭了一间小屋，可以在里面吃饭。18axe|n.C斧子Heusedanaxetochoptheoldappletreedown.|他用斧子砍倒了老苹果树saucern.Casmallcurvedplateonwhichoneputsacup|茶托，茶碟Johnputhiscupandsauceronthecoffeetable.|约翰把带茶托的茶杯放在咖啡桌上。laundry|1.Utheclothesandsheetswhichneedtobeorhavejustbeenwashed|待洗或刚洗好的衣物第5页/共26页Whenshallwedothelaundry?|我们什么时候洗衣服？
10、2.Caplacewhereclothes,sheets,etc.arewashed|洗衣店aself-servicelaundry|自助洗衣房companionable|a.|friendlyandpleasanttobewith|友善的，友好的egon.1.Cthepartofthemindthatisresponsibleforyoursenseofwhoyouare自我Unconditionalsurrenderwasmorethanhisfragileegocouldbear.无条件投降不是他脆弱的自我所能承受得了的。2.Cyoursenseofyourownvalueandimpo
11、rtance自我价值感第6页/共26页parceln.|Canobjectorcollectionofobjectswrappedinpaper,etc.sothattheycanbesentbyaparcelofbookstiedwithstring用绳子系住的一包parrotn.C|鹦鹉Thisparrotwillrepeatanythingandeverythingyousaytoit.这个鹦鹉会重复你对它讲的任何话和每句话。sportsmann.Csb.whoplayssport,esp.onewhoisgoodatit运动员Hellberememberedasatruesportsm
12、an.|人们将把他作为一名真正的运动员牢记在心中。skate|vi.|move,dance,etc.onskates|溜冰，滑冰Theiceontheriveristhickenoughtoskateon.|河上的冰足够厚，可以在上面滑冰。skatern.Capersonwhoskates|溜冰者，滑冰者Therearelotsofskatersintheparktoday.今天公园里有许多滑冰者。self-centereda.|onlyinterestedinoneselfandonesownactivities自我为中心的，自私的Robertisaself-centered,ambitio
13、usandbigotedman.罗伯特自私、有野心，并且顽固。sealvt.alsosealup)closeacontainerorspacebycoveringitwithsth.封；密封Thewindowshavebeensealedupforyears.这些窗户都已经密封了许多年了。第7页/共26页PhrasesandExpressionsonpurpose|notbyaccident;deliberately故意，特意Shediditonpurpose,ofcourse.她当然是故意那样做的。castout|makesb.leaveaplace,orrefusetoacceptsbHe
14、wascastoutoftheuppersociety.|他为上流社会所摈弃。speakhighlyof|expressagoodopinionofsb.orsth.|对.给予高度评价；赞扬Theyspokehighlyofhisbehavior.|他们对他的行为赞颂备至。seekout|indsb.orsth.bylookingfortheminadeterminedway|找到；找出Hemanagedtoseekouthisfriendinthecrowd.他设法在人群中找出了自己的朋友。setforth|startajourney出发，动身Columbussetforthwiththre
15、esmallships.哥伦布率领三只小船出发了。stretchout1.lengthensth.bypulling拉长，伸长Shestretchedouttherubberbandtoonemeterlong.她把橡皮筋拉长到了1米。2.liedown,usu.inordertorelaxorsleep躺平；舒展第8页/共26页backup1.(causeto)blockup（使）积压；（使）拥塞Thecorrespondencehasbeenbackingupforseveraldays.|待处理的信件已积压了好几天。2.supportsb.,esp.inanargument|支持Harr
16、ywillbackmeupwholeheartedlyasheusedto.哈里会像过去一样全心全意地支持我atlength|1.foralongtimeandingreatdetail长久地；详尽地inline|inarowofpeoplestandingonebehindtheotherwhilewaitingforsth.（排）成一行，（排）成一。settledown|becomequietandcalmormakesb.dothis（使）安定下来Hesettleddowntodohishomework.|他安下心来做家庭作业。forthetimebeing|forashortperio
17、doftimefromnow,butnotpermanently暂时，眼下Alliswell,forthetimebeing.眼下一切顺利mightaswell只好；还是.为好Imightaswellgo.|我最好还是去。第9页/共26页Here we are,all by ourselves,all 22 million of us by recent count,alone in our rooms,some of us liking it that way and some of us not.Some of us divorced,some widowed,some never yet
18、 committed.Loneliness may be a sort of national disease here,and its more embarrassing for us to admit than any other sin.On the other hand,to be alone on purpose,having rejected company rather than been cast out by it,is one characteristic of an American hero.The solitary hunter or explorer needs n
19、o one as they venture out among the deer and wolves to tame the great wild areas.Thoreau,alone in his cabin on the pond,his back deliberately turned to the town.Now,thats character for you.text第10页/共26页Inspiration in solitude is a major commodity for poets and philosophers.Theyre all for it.They all
20、 speak highly of themselves for seeking it out,at least for an hour or even two before they hurry home for tea.Consider Dorothy Wordsworth,for instance,helping her brother William put on his coat,finding his notebook and pencil for him,and waving as he sets forth into the early spring sunlight to lo
21、ok at flowers all by himself.How graceful,how benign,is solitude,he wrote.No doubt about it,solitude is improved by being voluntary.第11页/共26页Look at Miltons daughters arranging his cushions and blankets before they silently creep away,so he can create poetry.Then,rather than trouble to put it in his
22、 own handwriting,he calls the girls to come back and write it down while he dictatesYou may have noticed that most of these artistic types went outdoors to be alone.The indoors was full of loved ones keeping the kettle warm till they came home.TheAmericanhighpriestofsolitudewasThoreau.Weadmirehim,no
23、tforhisself-reliance,butbecausehewasallbyhimselfoutthereatWaldenPond,andhewantedtobe.Allaloneinthewoods.第12页/共26页TheAmericanhighpriestofsolitudewasThoreau.Weadmirehim,notforhisself-reliance,butbecausehewasallbyhimselfoutthereatWaldenPond,andhewantedtobe.Allaloneinthewoods.Actually,he lived a mile,or
24、 20 minutes walk,from his nearest neighbor;half a mile from the railroad;three hundred yards from a busy road.He had company in and out of the hut all day,asking him how he could possibly be so noble.Apparently the main point of his nobility was that he had neither wife nor servants,used his own axe
25、 to chop his own wood,and washed his own cups and saucers.I dont know who did his laundry;he doesnt say,but he certainly doesnt mention doing his own,either.Listen to him:I never found the companion that was so companionable as solitude.“第13页/共26页Thoreau had his own self-importance for company.Perha
26、ps theres a message here:The larger the ego,the less the need for other egos around.The more modest and humble we feel,the more we suffer from solitude,feeling ourselves inadequate company.If you live with other people,their temporary absence can be refreshing.Solitude will end on Thursday.If today
27、I use a singular personal pronoun to refer to myself,next week I will use the plural form.While the others are absent you can stretch out your soul until it fills up the whole room,and use your freedom,coming and going as you please without apology,staying up late to read,soakin in the bath,eating a
28、 whole pint of ice cream at one sitting,moving at your own pace.Those absent will be back.Their waterproof winter coats are in the closet and the dog keeps watching for them at the window.But when you live alone,the temporary absence of your friends and acquaintances leaves a vacuum;they may never c
29、ome back.第14页/共26页The condition of loneliness rises and falls,but the need to talk goes on forever.Its more basic than needing to listen.Oh,we all have friends we can tell important things to,people we can call to say we lost our job or fell on a slippery floor and broke our arm.Its the daily succes
30、sion of small complaints and observations and opinions that backs up and chokes us.We cant really call a friend to say we got a parcel from our sister,or its getting dark earlier now,or we dont trust that new Supreme Court justice.第15页/共26页Scientific surveys show that we who live alone talk at lengt
31、h to ourselves and our pets and the television.We ask the cat whether we should wear the blue suit or the yellow dress.We ask the parrot if we should prepare steak,or noodles for,dinner.We argue with ourselves over who is the greater sportsman:that figure skater or this skier.Theres nothing wrong wi
32、th this.Its good for us,and a lot less embarrassing than the woman in front of us in line at the market whos telling the cashier that her niece Melissa may be coming to visit on Saturday,and Melissa is very fond of hot chocolate,which is why she bought the powdered hot chocolate mix,though she never
33、 drinks it herself.第16页/共26页Its important to stop waiting and settle down and make ourselves comfortable,at least temporarily,and find some grace and pleasure in our condition,not like a self-centered British poet but like a patient princess sealed up in a tower,waiting for the happy ending to our f
34、airy tale.After all,here we are.It may not be where we expected to be,but for the time being we might as well call it home.Anyway,there is no place like home.第17页/共26页事实如此，我们孤独无依地生活着。据最近的统计，共有2,200万人独自生活在自己的住所里。其中有些人喜欢这种生活，有些却不喜欢。有些离了婚，有些鳏寡无伴，也有些从未结过婚。孤独或许是这里的一种民族弊病，我们羞于承认它，甚于其他任何罪恶。而另一方面，故意选择独处，拒绝别
35、人的陪伴而非为同伴所弃，却是美国式英雄的一个特点。孤独的猎人或探险者去鹿群和狼群中冒险，征服广袤的荒野时，并不需要有人陪伴。梭罗独居在湖畔的小屋，有意疏离了城市生活。现在，这成了你的个性。translation第18页/共26页独处的灵感是诗人和哲学家最有用的东西。他们都赞成独处，都因能够独处而自视甚高，至少在他们匆忙赶回家喝茶之前的一两个小时之内是这样。就拿多萝西华兹华斯来说吧，她帮哥哥威廉穿上外衣，为他找到笔记本和铅笔，向他挥手告别，目送他走进早春的阳光去独自对花沉思。他写道：“独处多么优雅，惬意。”毫无疑问，如果自愿独处，感觉要好得多。第19页/共26页看看弥尔顿的女儿们：她们为他准备好
36、垫子和毯子，然后蹑手蹑脚地走开，以便他能创作诗歌。然而他并不自己费神将诗歌写下来，而是唤回女儿们，向她们口述，由她们记下来也许你已经注意到，这些艺术家类型的人，大多是到户外独处，而家里则自有亲人备好了热茶，等着他们回家。美国的独处代表人物是梭罗。我们钦佩他，并非因为他能自力更生，而是因为他孤身一人在瓦尔登湖畔生活，他喜欢这样独居在湖畔的树林中。第20页/共26页实际上，他最近的邻居离他只有一英里，走路也就20分钟；铁路离他半英里；交通繁忙的大路距他300码。整天都有人进出他的小屋，请教他何以能够如此高洁。显然，他的高洁之处主要在于：他既没有妻子也没有仆人，自己动手用斧头砍柴，自己洗杯洗碟。我不
37、知道谁为他洗衣服，他没说，但他也肯定没提是他自己洗。听听他是怎么说的：“我从未发现比独处更好的伙伴。”梭罗以自尊自重为伴。也许这里的启示是：自我意识越强，就越不需要其他的人在周围。我们越是感觉谦卑，就越受孤独的折磨，感到仅与自己相处远远不够。第21页/共26页若与别人同住，他们的小别会使你感到耳目一新。孤独将会于星期四结束。如果今天我提到自己时使用的是单数人称代词，那么下星期我就会使用复数形式。其他人不在的时候，你可以放飞自己的灵魂，让它充满整个房间。你可以充分享受自由，随意来去而无需道歉。你可以熬夜读书、大泡浴缸、一口气吃掉整整一品脱的冰淇淋。你可以按自己的节奏行动。暂别的人会回来。他们的冬
38、季防水大衣还放在衣橱里，狗也在窗边密切留意他们归来的身影。但如果你单独居住，那么朋友或熟人的暂时离别会使你感到空虚，也许他们永远也不会回来了。第22页/共26页我们却永远需要与人交谈。这比需要倾听更重要。噢，我们都有朋友，可以把大事要事向他们倾诉。我们可以打电话对朋友说我们丢了工作，或者说我们在湿滑的地板上摔倒了，跌断了胳膊。每日不断的琐碎抱怨，对各种事情的看法和意见，积在那儿，塞满了我们的心。我们不会真打电话给一位朋友，说我们收到了姐姐的一个包裹，或者说现在天黑得比较早，或者说我们不信任最高法院新来的法官。科学调查表明，独居的人会对着自己、对着宠物、对着电视机唠叨不休。我们问猫儿今天该穿蓝色
39、套装还是黄色裙装，问鹦鹉今天晚餐该做牛排还是面条。我们跟自己争论那个花样滑冰选手和这个滑雪运动员到底谁更了不起。这没什么不妥，也对我们有好处，而且不像有些人那么令人尴尬：在超市付款处，排在前面的女人告诉收银员，她的侄女梅利莎星期六可能会来看她。梅莉莎非常喜欢热巧克力，所以她买了速溶热巧克力粉，虽然她自己从来不喝这东西第23页/共26页重要的是保持理性重要的是不再等待，而是安顿下来，使自己过得舒服，至少暂时要这样。要在我们自身的条件下发现一些优雅和乐趣，不要做一个以自我为中心的英国诗人，而要像一个被关在塔楼里的公主，耐心地等待着我们的童话故事迎来快乐的结局。毕竟，事已至此，这或许不是我们所期望的局面，但眼下我们不妨称之为家吧。不管怎么说，没有什么地方比家更好。第24页/共26页第25页/共26页谢谢您的观看！第26页/共26页