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1、一、名词（可数名词和不可数名词）二、人称代词三、冠词四、动词五、介词六、数词七、形容词和副词八、there be结构九、句式1.肯定句2.否定句3.疑问句4.祈使句十、时态：1.一般现在时2.一般过去时3.现在进行时4.一般将来时十一、“wh”的特殊疑问句第1页/共51页一、名词名词具体名词抽象名词普通名词专有名词个体名词集体名词名词可数名词不可数名词单数复数第2页/共51页英语语法中，名词有两种数的形式：1）单数（表示一个人或事物）；2）复数（表示多于一个的人或数）。只有可数名词才有复数形式。名词的数：名词的数：第3页/共51页名词复数形式的构成形式形式变化规则变化规则发音发音例词例词一般情
2、况一般情况+s1.清辅音结尾的名词后清辅音结尾的名词后s2.浊辅音结尾的名词后浊辅音结尾的名词后z；3.元音结尾的名词后元音结尾的名词后z;books,cups,catsdogs,birds,armsdays,players以以-s,-sh,-ch,-x,-z结尾的名结尾的名词词+esizbus,brush,boxes,watch,大多数以大多数以-o结结尾的名词尾的名词+esztomatoes,potatoes以元音字母加以元音字母加o结尾的名词结尾的名词+szradios,pianos以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y结尾的名词结尾的名词把把y改成改成i再再加加eszstories,familie
3、s,babies以以f和和fe结尾的结尾的大多数名词大多数名词把把f或或fe改改成成v再加再加eszthieves,knives不规则名词的复数由元音字母的变化构成：man-men,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,mouse-mice,woman-women2.有些名词的复数形式与单数的形式一样：sheep,deer,fish(但也可以是fishes)有些名词变成复数时加-en:child-children,ox-oxen第4页/共51页Practisepeach_ 2.zoo _3.glass _4.fox _5.lady _6.policewoman _7.house _8.p
4、hoto _9.monkey _10.wife _11.rose _12.path _13.judge _14.map _peacheszoosglassesfoxesladiespolicewomenhousesphotosmonkeyswivesrosespathsjudgesmaps第5页/共51页二、人称代词主格：I we you she he it they宾格：me us you her him it them形容词性物主代词：my our your her his its their名词性物主代词：mine ours yours hers his its theirs 第一人称第
5、二人称第三人称后跟名词能够在句子中独立作主语、宾语或表语第6页/共51页Practise_(他)is my brother.2.I had a letter from _(她).3.Its all right;its only _(我).4.Today _(我们)went in _(我们的)car;tomorrow _(我们)are going in _(他们的).5._(我)lend _(我的)books gladly to _(我的)friends and to _(你的).6.Can you help _(我)with _(我的)English.7.When _(你)go to see
6、_(你的)father,please take these books to _(他).8._(他们)found _(它)difficult to learn German.HehermeweourwetheirsImymyyoursmemyyouyourhimTheyit第7页/共51页所有格所有格的形式单数人称名词末尾加 schild-childs以-s结尾的单数人称名词末尾加swaitress-waitresss不规则的复数人称名词末尾加schildren-childrens以-s结尾的复数人称名词末尾加girls-girls以-s结尾的一些人名末尾加sJames-Jamess下列情况一
7、般用“of”结构：东西(没有现成的复合名词时):the book of the film2.东西的一部分:the bottom of the box3.抽象的概念:the price of success4.当of短语中的名词被另一个短语或从句修饰时：1.Cant you look at the book of the boy behind you?双重 s结构也可以用于“of”结构之后，如：a friend of my fathers,出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用一个限定词，又如：this son of mine,a friend of yours,a cousin of hers
8、等等。Isnt Frank a friend of yours?That silly uncle of Toms has told me the same Joke five times.第8页/共51页冠词不定冠词a,an定冠词the只能用于单数可数名词之前单数可数名词复数可数名词不可数名词零冠词名词前可不用冠词第9页/共51页不定冠词的用法：表示“一”，“任何一个”或“不管哪一个”的意思。I have a sister and two brothers.2.在某些度量表示法中：We have PE lessons three times a week.3.用在单数的表语名词前，以表示职业、
9、行业、宗教、等级等。George wants to be an engineer.4.在以what引导的感叹句中，单数的可数名词前。What a pretty girl!5.一些常用短语中。have a good time,half an hour,have a headache.第10页/共51页定冠词的用法：用来表示“独一无二”的意思。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.2.表示“说话的人刚刚提到过的人或事物”。There is a boat in the river.The boat is made of wood.3.用在后面跟
10、有限定性介词短语的名词前。the letter from America,the fourteenth of April4.用在泛指的乐器名词前。He plays the piano.5.一些常用短语。by the way,in the morning,Whats the matter?第11页/共51页零冠词的用法：泛指的抽象名词前。Life is very hard for some people.2.泛指的物质名词前。Water is very useful.3.泛指的复数名词前。Books are my best friends.4.泛指的“餐”名前。Come to have dinn
11、er/breakfast with me.5.大多数的专有名词前。He comes from France.6.语言的名词前。She can speak French.7.在季节和节日的名词前。Winter is the best time for skating.8.当名词前已有一些代词修饰时。My brother is a soldier.9.在体育项目的名词前。play basketball1.10.一些常用短语。at home,go to school,at night第12页/共51页1.There is _notebook on my desk.I use _ notebook t
12、o keep a diary.2.There is _bottle on the table._ water in it is sweet.3.Wangs mother is _English teacher.She teaches in _ primary school.4.China is _ ancient country with _ long history.5.China has _ population of 12 hundred million._ Chinese people are _ great people.6.Her mother is _ university te
13、acher.She is _ honest woman.7.None of _books should be taken out of _ room without _ permission of _ librarian.8._Party always teaches us to work for _ people heart and soul.9.She studies at _No.3 Middle School.She goes to _ school by _ bus every day.10.My elder sister is _student of _ English.She s
14、tudies at _ college.11._ Monday before _ Spring Festival was very cold.12.Have you had _dinner?PractiseatheaTheantheanatheThe/aanthethethe/The/aaThe/第13页/共51页四、动词 动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态或性质，有时态、语态、语气等形式的变化。小学阶段所涉及的动词主要有：实义动词、be动词、情态动词can等。第14页/共51页Be动词am,is,arewas,werebeen第15页/共51页Practise1.He _ very good a
15、t English.2.My father and I _ going to Beijing next month.3._ you on duty the day before yesterday?4.Mr.King _ in London two weeks ago.5.There _ many kinds of animals in the zoo.6.What _ the date yesterday?7.Look!A little girl _ flying a kite.8.Who _ not at school last Monday?9.Have you ever _ to Ja
16、pan?10.I _ not a nurse.I work as a doctor.isareWerewasarewasiswasbeenam第16页/共51页动词的基本形式原形第三人称单数现在式过去式过去分词现在分词studystudiesstudiedstudied studyingdodoesdiddonedoinghavehashadhadhavinglearnlearnslearned/learntlearned/learntlearning第17页/共51页第三人称单数现在式情况情况变化规则变化规则例词例词一般情况一般情况+sworks,learns,eats,needs,says
17、结尾为结尾为s,x,sh,ch,o+espasses,washes,teaches,goes,fixes结尾为辅音结尾为辅音字母字母+y变y为i+escarries,studies,flies,hurries,cries 动词be和have的第三人称单数现在式分别是is和has。第18页/共51页动词的过去式 构成构成例词读音例词读音在动词在动词后加后加ed在以在以e结结尾的动词尾的动词后加后加ed在以辅音字母加在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词后，结尾的动词后，先变先变y为为i再加再加ed在重读闭音节或在重读闭音节或r音节音节结尾而末尾只有一个结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母时，须双写辅音字母时，须双写这
18、个辅音字母再加这个辅音字母再加ed在清辅音后读在清辅音后读tlookedwashedpassedhopedlikedstoppeddropped在元音和浊辅音在元音和浊辅音后读后读dstayedcalledlivedstudiedtriedcarriedplannedpreferred在辅音在辅音t、d后读后读idtastedneededadmittedpermitted第19页/共51页现在分词情况情况变化规则变化规则例词例词一般情况一般情况+ingdoing,asking,helping以不发音的以不发音的e结尾结尾的动词的动词去去e加加inghaving,taking,writing,l
19、iving以重读闭音节结尾以重读闭音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅而末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词音字母的动词双写最后一个辅音双写最后一个辅音字母，再加字母，再加ingrunning,swimming,putting,sitting第20页/共51页原形第三人称单数现在式过去式现在分词have givegetread sweepplay carry hashadhavinggivesgavegivinggetsgotgettingreadsreadreadingsweepssweptsweepingplaysplayedplayingcarriescarriedcarryingPractise第21页/共
20、51页五、动词的时态动词时态是表示动作或状态发生或存在的时间和表示方式的一种动词形式。小学阶段所学的时态有：一般现在时：work/works2.现在进行时：am/is/are working3.一般过去时：worked1.4.一般将来时：am/is/are going to work第22页/共51页一般现在时通常表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作或目前的状态。常与时间副词连用：always,often,usually,every,on Sundays,twice a week等。基本结构肯定句否定句一般疑问句I work.We work.I dont work.We dont work.Do I
21、work?Do we work?You work.You dont work.Do you work?They work.They dont work.Do they work?SheHe works.ItSheHe doesnt work.It sheDoes he work?it第23页/共51页现在进行时通常表示说话时或现阶段正在发生或进行着的动作。它所表示的动作具有持续性、暂时性和未完成性。常见的与现在进行时有关的词有：now,these days,look,listen等。基本结构肯定句肯定句否定句否定句一般疑问句一般疑问句I am working.We are working.Im
22、 not working.Were not working.Am I working?Are we working?You are working.You arent working.Are you working?They are working.They arent working.Are they working?SheHe is working.ItSheHe isnt working.It sheIs he working?it第24页/共51页一般过去时通常表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，其中也包括习惯性动作。常与表示过去的时间状语连用：yesterday,last,ag
23、o,just now,in 1998等。基本结构肯定句肯定句否定句否定句一般疑问句一般疑问句I worked.We worked.I didnt work.We didnt work.Did I work?Did we work?You worked.You didnt work.Did you work?They worked.They didnt work.Did they work?She He worked.ItSheHe didnt work.It sheDid he work?it第25页/共51页一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或情况。常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用：tomorrow
24、,next,Be going to do表示主体现在打算在最近或将来要做某事；也可以表示“预见”，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。基本结构肯定句否定句一般疑问句Im going to work.Were going to work.Im not going to work.We arent going to work.Am I going to work?Are we going to work?Youre going to work.You arent going to work.Are you going to work?Theyre going to work.They a
25、rent going to work.Are they going to work?SheHe is going to work.ItSheHe isnt going to work.It sheIs he going to work?it第26页/共51页Peter _(play)basketball twice a week.2.Do you believe what he _(say)just now?3.Look!The lazy cat _(sleep)in the sofa.4.There _(be)a book and two pens on the desk.5._you _(
26、see)a film tomorrow morning?6.She _(not play)the guitar at the moment.7.What _his father usually _(do)in the evening?8.They _(have)a meeting next week,arent they?9.Both he and I _(be)teachers.10.I _(not feel)very well yesterday.11.He put on his coat and _(go)out.12.Lei Feng often _(help)others and h
27、e was helpful.Next Sunday,we _(clean)up the park.14.Hurry!Your mother _(wait)for you at the school gate.Practiseplayssaidis sleepingisAregoing to seeisnt playingdoesdoare going to havearedidnt feelwenthelpsare going to cleanis waiting第27页/共51页六、介词介词在句子中表示名词或代词等与其他词之间的关系。不能单独作句子成分，常位于名词或代词（或与之相当的其他词类
28、、短语、从句）前面构成介词短语。介词后面的成分作介词的宾语。方位介词in,on,at,under,to,behind,beside,near,before,in front of,next to,between时间介词in,on,at,after,before,fromto,past,between 其它of,by,with,into,out of,for,第28页/共51页Practise1.Look _ the picture.Its picture_ my school.2.There is a school building _ my school.It has five floors
29、._ the school building,there is a big playground._school,the children always play ball games there.3.My classroom is_ the fifth floor.Its big and clean.4.Miss Li is our class teacher.She comes _ school early every morning.She comes _bicycle.Then she does morning exercises _us.She likes sports.Tomorr
30、ow is her birthday.We will make a card _ her.We love her very much.5.There are some apples _ the tree.6.Wheres your study?Its next _ my bedroom.7.The car _ the tree is Jacks.8.The ball is_ the door,so you cant see it.9._ _ _the house,there are many trees.10.Listen!Someone is knocking _the door.11.Th
31、ere is something wrong _ my computer.atofinNearAfterontobywithforontounderbehindIn front ofatwith第29页/共51页七、数词表示数目的词称为基数词表示数目顺序的词称为序数词112的基数词：one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve1319的基数词：thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen2090的基数词：twenty,thirty,for
32、ty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety2129的基数：twenty-one,twenty-two,twenty-three,twenty-four,twenty-five,twenty-six,twenty-seven,twenty-eight,twenty-nine thirty-nine,forty-eight,fifty-seven.-teen-ty十位数和个位数之间要加连字符号“-”第30页/共51页2.百位数：one hundred,two hundred,three hundred,four hundredfive hundred and eigh
33、t-six,six hundred and ninety-nine,seven hundred and eight,eight hundred and one3.千位数：one thousand,four thousand,seven thousand one hundred and five百位数和十位数之间加and。注意注意 英语中没有“万”这个单位，所以常用thousand来表示。ten thousand,thirty thousand,fifteen thousand one hundred,five hundred and one thousand four hundred and
34、thirty-two第31页/共51页英语序数词第1-19除了first,second与third有特殊形式外，其余的都由基数词加后缀-th构成。注意：fifth,eighth,ninth和twelfth的拼法。2.十位数的序数词的构成方法是：先把十位数的基数词的词尾ty中的y变为i，然后加后缀-eth,如：twentytwentieth,fortyfortieth3.十位数的序数词如果含有1-9的个位数时，十位数用基数词，个位数用序数词，中间用“-”连字符。如：twenty-fourth,ninety-fifth4.百、千、万等的序数词由hundred,thousand,million等加-
35、th,前面加有关的基数词构成。如：one hundredth,one thousandth 注意：序数词前的one不能用a代替。one hundred and twenty-first第32页/共51页Practise1.There are _ days in a year.A.three hundreds sixty-five B.three hundreds and sixty-five C.three hundred and sixty-five D.three hundred and sixty five2._people visit this museum every day.A.H
36、undred B.Hundreds C.Hundred of D.Hundreds of3.There are two_ people in the meeting room.A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundreds of D.hundred of4._ trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years.A.Thousands of B.Two thousands C.Thousand of D.Two thousand of5.My brother is in_.A.Three Class,One Gr
37、ade B.Class Three,Grade One C.Grade One,Class Three D.class three,grade one6.We are going to learn_ this term.A.book six B.six book C.the book six D.Book Six 7.We can say the number 78,645 in English like this_.A.seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-five B.seventy-eight thousand six hund
38、red and forty five C.seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-five D.seventy eight thousand six hundred and forty-fiveCDAABDC第33页/共51页8.The year 1999 should be read The year_.A.nineteen and ninety-nine B.nineteen ninety-nine C.one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine D.nineteen hundred and nine
39、ty-nine9.He will come here _ tomorrow morning.A.at fifth B.at ten C.on two D.till tenth 10.Every day he begins to do his homework _.A.at ten past seven B.at seven pass tenC.on ten past seventh D.until ten 11.We all like the_ boy.A.of ten years old B.ten-year-old C.at ten old D.of age of ten 12.There
40、 are_ months in a year.December is the _ month of the year.A.twelve;twelve B.twelve;twelfth C.twelfth;twelve D.twelve;twelveth 13.During_ century,the world population has already reached 6 billion.A.twenty B.the twentieth C.twentieth D.the twenty14.Jenny was born_.A.on July 10,1987 B.in July 10,1987
41、 C.in 1987,July 10 D.on 1987,July 10 BBABBBA第34页/共51页八、形容词和副词形容词是用来描写或修饰名词（或代词）的词。副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句的词。He is a good student.2.The film is very interesting.3.There is something wrong with the bike.4.Lucy is older than Helen.The problem is very difficult.2.He wrote the letters carefully.方式副词：caref
42、ully,quickly,suddenly 2.地点副词：here,there,up,down3.时间副词：yesterday,today,now4.程度副词：very,quite,much,just第35页/共51页形容词和副词的比较级和最高级情况情况比较级比较级最高级最高级一般情况一般情况+er,如：如：taller,longer,faster,sooner+est,如：如：tallest,longest,fastest,soonest以以e结尾的词结尾的词+r,如：如：later,nicer,larger+st,如：如：latest,nicest,largest以重读闭音节结以重读闭音节
43、结尾的词尾的词双写最后一个字母，再双写最后一个字母，再+er,如如:bigger,fatter双写最后一个字母，再双写最后一个字母，再+est，如：如：biggest,fattest以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y结尾的词结尾的词把把y改为改为i再再+er,如：如：busier,earlier把把y改为改为i再再+est,如：如：busiest,earliest大部分多音节词大部分多音节词在前面加在前面加more,如：如：more careful,more wonderfully在前面加在前面加most,如：如：most careful,most wonderfully不规则的词：不规则的词：goo
44、d/well,many/much,farbettermorefarther/furtherbestmostfarthest/further第36页/共51页比较级的用法1.用来把彼此独立的事和人进行比较，表示“比更一些”的意思，通常用一个由从属连词than引导的状语从句来表示和什么相比。为了避免重复，从句中有些成分可以省略。如：Helen is taller than Lucy.He got more information than I did.He runs faster than I.2.如果我们要说两个东西在某一方面是一样的，我们就可以用“as+形容词/副词+as”,形容词不用比较级而
45、用原级。在作否定比较时，可以用not asas,not soas,也可以用lessthan，如：Jimmy is as tall as his father.I dont write as/so well as Helen.This film is less interesting than that one.第37页/共51页比较级的用法3.为了表示持续不断的变化，我们可以用“双重比较”的方法，这种结构后面不可跟than引导的比较状语从句。如：He is crying harder and harder.Our country gets more and more beautiful.Com
46、puters are getting smaller and smaller,and computing faster and faster.4.表示两个变化是一起发生的，可以把比较级形式和the一起用，表示“越，就越”的意思。如：The higher the mountain is,the thinner the air is.The earlier you start,the sooner you will be back.第38页/共51页Practise1.Shanghai is _than Beijing.It is _ city in our country.(large)2.Bi
47、ll isnt as _ as Mike.Tom is _ than Mike.Who is _ of the three boys?(old)3.Mary draws as _ as Bill,and she is much _ than him at singing.(well,good)4.Spring is coming.The weather is getting _ and _.(warm)5.Tom,Jon and I bought a computer each last week.Johns computer is much _ than Toms and mine.It i
48、s _ of the three.(expensive)6.It is a little _ today than yesterday.(wet)7.Mrs Brown is much _ than she was two years ago.(healthy)8.Which do you like _,basketball,volleyball,or football?(well)largerthe largestoldolderthe oldestwellbetterwarmerwarmermore expensivethe most expensivewetterhealthierbes
49、t第39页/共51页Beijingers are true _ to the world.(friend)2.Look!How _ Kitty is laughing!(happy)3.I think July is _ than any other month in our country.(hot)4.She always listens to the teacher _ in class.(care)5.The park is one of the _ parks in Beijing.(beautiful)6.She speaks English,but not as _ as his
50、 brother.(good)7.I was _ by the _ sound.(frightened,frightening)8.The music sounds _.(beautiful,beautifully)9.Dont make so much noise,or you will wake up the _ boy.(sleeping,asleep)10.Yesterdays concert was wonderful.Ive never heard such an _ one before.(excited,exciting)Practisefriendlyhappilyhotte