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1、十、非谓语动词一、定一、定义义 不不充充当当句句子子谓谓语语的的动动词词叫叫做做非非谓谓语语动动词词。它它们们不不受受主主语语限限制，无制，无时态时态与与语态变语态变化，又称非限定性化，又称非限定性动词动词。二、形式二、形式1.动词动词不定式（不定式（to do sth.）2.动动名名词词（v.-ing）现现在分在分词词（v.-ing)3.分分词词 过过去分去分词词（v.-ed或不或不规则变规则变化）化）考点一考点一 动词动词不定式不定式 动动词词不不定定式式可可作作主主语语、表表语语、宾宾语语、定定语语、状状语语和和宾宾语语补补足足语语，我我们们主主要要掌掌握握不不定定式式作作宾宾语语、宾宾
2、语语补补足足语语及及目目的的状状语语的的用法。用法。功能功能例句例句说说明明主主语语To swim here is dangerous.在在这这儿游泳是危儿游泳是危险险的。的。动词动词不定式作主不定式作主语时语时常可常可转转化化为为用用it作形作形式主式主语语表表语语My job is to look after my sister.我的工作是照看我妹妹。我的工作是照看我妹妹。多数情况下，多数情况下，动词动词不不定式作表定式作表语语，可，可转换转换为为作主作主语语功能功能例句例句说说明明宾语宾语I want to be an actor.我想成我想成为为一名演一名演员员。只只能能作作某某些些动
3、动词词的的宾宾语语，一般不作介一般不作介词词的的宾语宾语宾语宾语补补足足语语She asked me to speak English.她要求我她要求我说说英英语语。在在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役等使役动词动词后，不定式省略后，不定式省略to定定语语Do you have anything to say?你有要你有要说说的的吗吗？不不定定式式作作定定语语，要要放放在在所修所修饰词饰词的后面的后面状状语语I come here to see you.我来我来这这里是里是为为了了见见你。你。不不定定式式作作状状语语，其其逻逻辑辑主主语语要要和和句句子子的的主主语语一一致致
4、此外，不定式可以与疑此外，不定式可以与疑问词连问词连用用,用作主用作主语语、宾语宾语、表、表语语等。等。I cant decide which one to buy.我不能决定我不能决定该买该买哪一件。（作哪一件。（作宾语宾语）When to start hasnt been discussed.什么什么时时候开始候开始还还没有被没有被讨论讨论。（作主。（作主语语）【温馨提示温馨提示】(1)help后接不定式后接不定式时时可以省略可以省略to；(2)有有些些动动词词后后接接不不定定式式时时通通常常省省略略to：feel,hear,see,watch,notice,let,make,have（简
5、记为简记为一感一听三看三一感一听三看三让让）。）。上述上述动词变为动词变为被被动语态动语态后，其后的不定式必后，其后的不定式必须补须补上上“to”。Tom helped his brother(to)learn to swim.汤汤姆帮他的弟弟学姆帮他的弟弟学习习游泳。游泳。变变为为被被动动语语态态：His brother was helped to learn to swim by Tom.We often hear Jack sing English songs.我我们们常听常听见见杰克唱英文歌。杰克唱英文歌。变为变为被被动语态动语态：Jack is often heard to sing
6、 English songs.【巧学妙巧学妙记记】只能跟不定式作只能跟不定式作宾语宾语的的动词动词决心学会有希望（决心学会有希望（decide,determine,learn,wish,hope）,同意同意计计划莫假装划莫假装(agree,plan,pretend),胆敢拒胆敢拒绝绝会失会失败败（dare,refuse,fail）,准准备设备设法来帮忙法来帮忙(prepare,try,manage,help),提供提供请请求求负负担起担起(offer,beg,demand,afford),答答应应安排理安排理应应当（当（promise,arrange,be supposed）,以上后跟不定式，
7、以上后跟不定式，劝劝君牢君牢记记永不忘。永不忘。考点二考点二 动动名名词词 动动名名词词相当于名相当于名词词、形容、形容词词。可作主。可作主语语、宾语宾语、表、表语语和定和定语语。功能功能例句例句说说明明主主语语Eating too much is bad for your health.吃太多吃太多对对你的健康有害你的健康有害处处。谓语动词谓语动词用用单单数数宾语宾语I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜我非常喜欢欢打打篮篮球。球。表表示示习习惯惯性性的的动动作作Stamps are used for sending letters.邮邮票是用来寄信
8、的。票是用来寄信的。功能功能例句例句说说明明表表语语His hobby is collecting stamps.他的他的爱爱好是集好是集邮邮。多多数数情情况况下下可可转转换换为为动动名名词词作主作主语语定定语语Bill is in the reading room.比比尔尔在在阅览阅览室里。室里。只只表表明明它它所所修修饰饰的的词词的用途、所属关系等的用途、所属关系等【巧学妙巧学妙记记】喜喜欢欢（enjoy)不断不断(keep)提建提建议议（suggest)盼望盼望(look forward to)习惯习惯(be used to)却完却完毕毕(finish)想要想要(feel like)花花
9、费费(spend)去去练习练习(practice)忍俊不禁忍俊不禁(cant help)还还介意介意(mind)后接后接动词动词-ingMy grandfather kept telling jokes and I couldnt help laughing.爷爷爷爷不停地不停地讲讲笑笑话话，我忍不住笑了。，我忍不住笑了。【温馨提示温馨提示】部部分分动动词词既既可可接接动动名名词词作作宾宾语语，又又可可接接不不定定式式作作宾宾语语，两两者者意意义义区区别较别较大。大。remember doing sth.记记得做得做过过某事某事remember to do sth.记记得去做某事（未做）得去做
10、某事（未做）forget doing sth.忘了做忘了做过过某事某事forget to do sth.忘了去做某事（未做）忘了去做某事（未做）stop doing sth.停止做某事停止做某事stop to do sth.停下来去做某事停下来去做某事need doing sth.需要做某事（被需要做某事（被动动含含义义）need to do sth.需要去做某事（主需要去做某事（主动动含含义义）try doing sth.尝试尝试做某事做某事try to do sth.尽力做某事尽力做某事hear/see sb.doing sth.听听见见/看看见见某人正在做某事某人正在做某事hear/se
11、e sb.do sth.听听见见/看看见见某人做了某事某人做了某事 考点三考点三 分分词词 1.分分词词的构成的构成分分词词分分为为现现在在分分词词和和过过去去分分词词两两种种。现现在在分分词词由由“动动词词+-ing”构构成。成。过过去分去分词词的基本形式是的基本形式是“动词动词+-ed”，但也有不，但也有不规则规则的形式。的形式。2.分分词词的句法功能的句法功能功能功能例句例句说说明明定定语语Do you know the boy playing football?你你认认识识踢踢足足球球的的那那个个男男孩孩吗吗？Please hand in your written exercise.请
12、请交上你的笔交上你的笔试练习试练习。现现在在分分词词作作定定语语，其其逻逻辑辑主主语语就就是是所所修修饰饰的的词词；过过去去分分词词作作定定语语，其其逻逻辑辑宾宾语语是是它它所所修修饰饰的的词词状状语语The students went out of the classroom,talking and laughing.学生学生们谈们谈笑着走出了教室。笑着走出了教室。Seen from the hill,our school looks more beautiful.从从小小山山上上看看，我我们们的学校的学校显显得更美得更美丽丽了。了。分分词词的的逻逻辑辑主主语语是是句子的主句子的主语语功能功
13、能例句例句说说明明表表语语The news is exciting.这这个个消消息息令人令人兴奋兴奋。Im interested in the book.我我对这对这本本书书感感兴兴趣。趣。现现在在分分词词表表示示主主语语的的性性质质、特特征征；过过去去分分词词表示某种状表示某种状态态补补足足语语Dont keep me waiting for a long time.别让别让我等很我等很长时间长时间。I had my hair cut last night.昨天晚上我理昨天晚上我理发发了。了。现现在在分分词词作作补补足足语语,被被修修饰饰的的宾宾语语或或主主语语是是它它的的逻逻辑辑主主语语（
14、即即主主动动关关系系）；过过去去分分词词作作补补足足语语，被被修修饰饰的的宾宾语语或或主主语语是是它它的的逻逻辑辑宾宾语语（即即被被动动关关系系).用所用所给词给词的适当形式填空的适当形式填空1.Mr.Scott made a living by _(sell)old things.2.Trust him!He has no difficulty _(work)out the problem.3.David preferred _(sell)newspapers to doing housework when he was young.4.The student _（name）Wang Lin
15、 is my example in English learning.5.Davy enjoys _(play)tennis and baseball.单项选择单项选择1.Do you know whether the man _ by the door is Mr.Smith?Sure.Weve known each other for a long time.A.stand B.standing C.stood D.stands2.Its dangerous _ with the wild animal.A.for us to play B.of us playingC.for us pl
16、aying D.of us to play3.When are you going to have your hair _?This afternoon.A.cut B.to cut C.cuttinghave sth.done“让让被做被做”。4.Drivers shouldnt be allowed _ after drinking,or they will break the law.A.drive B.driving C.to drive allow sb.to do sth.“允允许许某某人人做做某某事事”，其其被被动动语语态态为为sb.be allowed to do sth.“某
17、人被允许做某事某人被允许做某事5.We dont know _ it next.Lets go and ask Mr.Li.A.what to do B.to do whatC.whether to do D.to do whether6.Our English teacher encourages us _ part in all kinds of after-class activities.A.to take B.takeC.taking D.to takingencourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事。鼓励某人做某事。7.How kind you are!You al
18、ways do what you can _ me.A.help B.helpingC.to help D.helps 动词不定式短语动词不定式短语to help作目的状语？作目的状语？8.The woman loves animals and she tries _ these homeless animals.A.to hurt B.to eatC.to help D.to kill9.Its a little cold today.Would you mind _ the window?Of course not.A.not opening B.not to openC.dont open D.no openingWould you mind doing sth.?“你你介介意意做做某某事事吗吗？”,其其否否定定形形式为式为Would you mind not doing sth.?10.The reporter didnt go to bed until he finished _ the article.A.writing B.write C.to write D.wrote