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1、2013届语法复习专题四-动词的时态和语态一般体-进行体-完成体-一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时现在完成进行时 现在完成时过去完成时 将来完成时一般现在时1.表经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表频度的时间状语连用，如every,sometimes,on Sunday 等。2.表客观真理和科学事实。The earth moves around the sun.The teacher told us the earth _around the sun.3.用于条件，时间，让步状语从句中，主将从现。I will go with you as soon as I _(finis
2、h)my work.Whatever you_(say),I will not change my mind.4.用于文学作品和文学评论中。According to the literary review,Shakespeare _his characters live through their language in his plays.A.will make B.had made C.made D.makes 5.全倒装句 Here _ the bus.A.Is comingB.comes 6.表时刻表上、日程表上将要发生的事National Holiday _ on 1st Octob
3、er.movesfinishsayDBbegins基础再练Ill go there after I_(finish)my work.I ll tell him when Mary _(come)back.The water will be further polluted unless some measures _(take)My train _(leave)at 6:30.A snow _(expect)to come next week.On the wall _(hang)a picture.This kind of cloth _(wash)well.Dont take it awa
4、y.It _(belong)to me.He said water _(boil)at 100C finishleavesare takenis expectedhangswashesbelongsboilswill come二.一般过去时与现在完成时一般过去时表过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在毫无关系。常用的时间状语有：yesterday，just now,last year,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982等。现在完成时则 表示：1）一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在（也许还将持续下去），常用的时间状语有lately,in the last/past
5、 few days,since then,so far 等。2）过去的动作对现在产生的影响。常用的状语有already,just,never,before 等。cf:He served in the army from 1959to 1954.He has served in the army for 5 years.He wrote many plays when he was at collage.He has written many plays.1.-How was the journey?-Tiring!All the seats in the train _.I stood all
6、 the way.A.were occupied B.would be occupied C.would occupy D.has occupied 2.He works in China now,but he _in Africa for eight years.A.worked B.has worked C.had worked D.has been working 3.-Look!Somebody _the sofa.-Well,it wasnt me.I didnt do it.A.is cleaning B.was cleaning C.has cleaned D.had clean
7、ed AAC基础再练1.-I havent seen you for ages.Havent you graduated from collage?-Yes,I _(study)English for four years in Nanjing University.2.Where _you _(put)my book?I cant find it any where.3.Although he has lived with us for years,he _(not leave)us much impression.4.My brother is an actor.He _(appear)i
8、n several films in the past few years.5.-Li ping may not come tonight.-But he _(promise).studiedhaveputhasnt lefthas appearedpromised三.一般将来时1）will /shall will 用于各种人称，表现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，还可表必然趋势，临时决定等。Shall 只用于第一人称。2）be going to do 表计划或打算要做某事，还可表示根据现在迹象对未来进行推测。3）be about to do 表立即的将来，因此不与将来的具体的时间状语连用
9、。4）be to do 表按计划或安排要做的事，意为应该，想，打算，注定会。5）有些动词如 come,go,arrive,leave,begin 等，其一般现在时，现在进行时亦可表按计划，安排将要发生的动作或状态。基础再练Ladies and gentlemen,please fasten your safety belt.The plane _(take)off.Look at the timetable.Flight 4026 _(take)off at 18:20.If you _(succeed),you should work hard.Look at the dark clouds
10、.It _(rain)-The light is still on.-Sorry.I _(go)and turn it off.is takingtakesare to succeedis going to rainwill go四.过去完成时与将来完成时1.过完表一件事情发生在过去，而另一件事先于它发生，即过去的过去。常用的时间状语有by then,by that time,by the end of,before 2000,hardly/scarcely/rarely when,no sooner than 2.表意向的动词如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,me
11、an,suppose 等，常用过完表“原本 而未能”I had hoped/expected/meant/intendedto do,but=I hoped/expectedto have done but=I would like/love to have done but=I was to have done/I was going to do/I would have done but 3.将完 到将来某一时间，某动作将会完成。其结构为will have done.常用的时间状语 为by+将来的某个时间。基础再练Helen _(leave)her keys in the office s
12、o she had to wait until her husband _(come)home.I _(hope)to meet Mr.Thompson this morning,but I found nobody left in room.By the time he _(return)home,the work had been finished.By the time he returns home,the work _(finish).We plan to reach the North Pole in mid-July,and by then we _(walk)for six w
13、eeks.had leftcamehad hopedreturnedwill have been finishedwill have walked五.现进、过进、现在完成进行时、将来完成进行时现在进行时表示：1）正在进行的情况。2）表反复出现的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always,continually,constantly 连用。3）表渐变的动词如get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin 等常用进行时表动作的逐渐变化。不用于进行时的动词：1)事实状态的词：have,belong,possess,exist,等 2)心理状态的词：know,think
14、,realize,believe,want,等 3）系动词：seem,remain,smell,feel,become,turn 等。过去进行时表过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行。常用的时间状语如：the whole morning,all day yesterday,from nine to ten,when,while 等。将来进行时表将来某个时候或某时间段正在进行的动作。现在完成进行时表动作的未完成性和暂时性。Have been doing:1.到现在刚刚结束 2.还有可能继续进行下去 基础再练1)-Have you moved into the new house?-Not yet.T
15、he rooms _(paint)2)My father _(fall)while he _(ride)his bicycle and _(hurt)himself.3)-Why are her eyes red?-She _(cry)4)He _(fly)over the Atlantic at this time tomorrow.5)You _always _(watch)TV.Why not do something more active?6)-Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday?-No,but we _
16、(try)to get in touch with them ever since.are being paintedfellwas ridinghurthas been cryingwill be flyingarewatchhave been trying主动语态与被动语态基本构成 be+过去分词 注意点：1.主动形式表被动1).系动词look,sound,feel,taste,appear,seem,prove,turn,become,fall,get,grow,keep+adj./n.The steel feels cold./It has gone bad.2).表示开始，结束，运动
17、的动词如begin,finish,start,close,end,shut,run 等。如：Work began at 7:00 this morning.The shop closes at 6 p.m every day.3).表主语的某种属性特征的动词，如：read,write,drive,sell,wash,lock,draw,dry 等。这类词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰词，如：easily,well,soomthly.4).固定词组be to blame,be to let.5)在need,require,want,worth(adj.),deserve 后的动名词用主动形式。6)
18、measure,weigh,add up to 后接数字时。7）在be+adj.+to do 中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语时。2.不及物动词或某些动词短语无被动。如：appear,die,disappear,end(结束），happen,sit,take place,3.不能用于被动语态的及物动词或短语，如：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,suffer from,happen to belong to 基础再练1.The water _ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.A.was left
19、 B.was to feel C.felt D.was to be felt2.I feel it is your husband who_ for the spoiled child .A.is to blame B.is going to blame C.is to be blamed D.should blame 3.Doctors and medical supplies _ to the scene of the accident soon after the coal mine explosion.A.had rushed B.were rushed C.were rushing
20、D.rushed 4.The moment the 28th Olympic Games _open,the whole world cheered.A.declared B.have been declared C.have declared D.were declared CABD5.-Why did you leave that position?-I _ a better position at IBM.A.offer B.offered C.am offered D.was offered 6.-How are team playing?-They are playing well,but one of them _ hurt.A.got B.gets C.were D.is 7.I want to buy that kind of cloth because I _the cloth _well.A.have told,washes B.have been told,washes C.was told,was washed D.have been told,is washed DAB