《学位英语语法考点精讲.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《学位英语语法考点精讲.pptx（159页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、1语法语法时态语态：被动语态情态动词:完成时虚拟语气非谓语动词各种从句（主、宾、表、定、状、同位语从句）主谓一致倒装句强调句第1页/共159页2动词的时态、语态及情态动词动词的时态、语态及情态动词第2页/共159页3时态时态一般现在式：表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态：常和always,usually,often,sometimes,everyday等时间状语连用。表示普遍的真理。由于是众所周知的客观事实，所以一般不用时间状语。有些表示心理状态或感情的动词往往用一般现在时。第3页/共159页4考试重点在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作：常用的连 词 有 as soon as,whe
2、n,till,if，unless,themoment等。Once you _the theory,you will have nofurtherdifficulty.A.understandB.willunderstandC.understoodD.haveunderstoodWhen the mixture _,it will give off apowerfulforce.A.willheatB.willbeheatedC.isheatedD.hasheatedThey will go home for winter vocation as soonasthey_theirexams.A.
3、havefinishedB.finishC.finishedD.wasfinishing第4页/共159页5一般过去时：表示过去的动作或状态：常和过去时间状语连用：justnow,lastyear,anhourago等。Youve already missed too many classesthis term.You _two classes just lastweek.A.missedB.wouldmissC.hadmissedD.havemissed 第5页/共159页6usedtodosth：过去常常做beusedtodoingsth:习惯于做某事I_takeawalkinthemor
4、ning.AusedtoBamusedtoCwasusedtoDuseto第6页/共159页7Itishightime(that)句型中，谓语动词用过去时Dontyouthinkitistimeyou_smoking?A.giveupB.gaveupC.wouldgiveupD.shouldgiveup 第7页/共159页8一般将来时will(shall)+原形动词：表示将来的动作或状态。begoingto+动词原形：表示马上就要发生的事情或打算好要做的事。beto+动词原形：表示安排或计划好了的动作。beaboutto+动词原形：表示即将发生的动作。第8页/共159页9某些表示开始、终结、往
5、来行动的动词如：go,come,begin,arrive，leave等的现在进行时可表示将来。Isthepartyalmostover?Ithinkso.Alotofpeople_toleave.AisbeginningBbeginCarebeginningDhavebeginningIwontbefreeFridaymorning.I_afriendoff.Aamseeing BshallbeseenChaveseen Dshallhaveseen第9页/共159页10动词进行时的形式：现在进行时：am/is/doing过去进行时：was/were/doing第10页/共159页11有些瞬间
6、动词或表示状态的动词不能用于进行时态。如appear,believe,declare,hate,have,hear,know,like,love,need,own,seem,see,sound,taste,want,wish等。第11页/共159页12 when和while的用法；1）IfellandhurtmyselfwhileI_tennis.A.wasplayingB.amplayingC.playD.played2）When you _this over with her,youshouldnotseeheranymore.A.talkB.talkedC.willtalkD.talki
7、ngOne of the guards _ when the general camein,whichmadehimveryangry.A.has slept B.were sleeping C,slept D.wassleepingwhen作并列连词，表示“(这时)突然”之意时，表示时间上的点，引导的并列分句用一般过去时,另一个并列分句用过去进行时。while表示持续的一段时间，引导的句子用过去进行时。第12页/共159页13动词完成时的形式：现在完成时：has/have+done过去完成时：haddone将来完成时：shall/willhavedone第13页/共159页14现在完成时：表
8、示过去某时开始的动作一直延续到现在，并且可能会继续延续下去常见时间词：just,yet,already,lately,recently,thisyearsince+时间点+过去时for+时间段第14页/共159页15_hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehe_toChina?A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived第15页/共159页16英语中有些动词不能延续，因此不能和表示延续的时间状语连用。He has _the army for ten years and is no
9、wanofficer.A.goneintoB.joinedinC.beeninD.comeintoHurry up!The play _ for ten minutes.hasbegun.hadbegun.hasbeenon.began 第16页/共159页17have(has)beento和 have(has)goneto的区别have(has)beento：去过某地（表示某人的一种经历），可以和once,twice,often,never,ever连用。have(has)goneto：去某地了（表示某人已经离开此地，在去某地的路途上或已在某地，所以一般来说此句型只用于第三人称）。MissG
10、reenisntintheoffice.she_tothelibrary.hasgone.went.willgo.hasbeen第17页/共159页18在“Thisisthefirsttime”结构中，后面的从句用现在完成时。也可以用it代替thisThisisthefirsttimethatI_Jane.AhavemetBmeetChadmetDmet第18页/共159页19在“It/Thisis+形容词最高级+名词后面的从句中，用现在完成时。Thisisoneofthebestbooksshehaseverread.第19页/共159页20在“Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since后
11、边用过去时。”It has been twenty years since I _ myhometown.AhadleftBleftChaveleftDleave第20页/共159页21过去完成时表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作（即过去的过去）。这个过去的某一时间可用by,before等介词或连词引导的短语或一个从句来表示。AnneaskedTom_thekey.A.WhenheleftB.wherehehadleftC.HowheleftD.whydidheleftAbout the sixth century A.D.when fewEuropeanscouldread,th
12、eChinese_paper.A.inventedB.hadinventedC.haveinventedD.hadbeeninvented第21页/共159页22表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到另一个过去的时间的动作。The chemistry class _for five minutes whenwehurriedthere.A.hadbeenonB.wasonC.hasbeenonD.wouldbeon第22页/共159页23过 去 完 成 时 常 用 在 no sooner than,hardly/scarcely/barelywhen一就句型之中，句子倒装。Scarcely had
13、 the baby cried _thenurserushedtocarryhim.A.thanB.whenC.asD.whileNo sooner had they got the goodscovered up _it started raininghard.A.whenB.thanC.thenD.after第23页/共159页24将来完成时表示在将来某一时间以前完成的动作。Bythetimenextyear,Ishall(will)havelivedherefor20years.第24页/共159页25BythetimeJohngetshome,hisaunt_.（1995年25题)A.
14、willhaveB.leavesC.willhaveleftD.isleavingBynextyearhe_inNewYorkforfiveyears.AhasworkedBhasbeenworkingCworksDwillhaveworked第25页/共159页26现在完成进行时表示从过去某时一直延续到现在的一个动作，这个动作一般会继续延续下去，或是到说话时结束，但是强调到说话时为止一直在做的动作。have/has+been+doingI _on the door for ten minutesnowwithoutananswer.A.wasknockingB.amknockingC.kno
15、ckingD.havebeenknocking第26页/共159页27句子中大多数情况下时态要统一，但在特殊情况下存在时态的不一致。TheteachersaidthattheYellowRiver_thesecondlargestriverinChina.AwasBisCwouldbeDhadbeen第27页/共159页28被动语态被动语态第28页/共159页29被动语态的形式IampraisedIhavebeenpraisedIambeingpraisedShewaspraisedHehadbeenpraisedWewerebeingpraisedHewillbepraisedTheywil
16、lhavebeenpraisedIshouldbepraised第29页/共159页30考试重点：l l感官动词和使役动词的被动语态。l l情态动词的被动语态。l l用主动表示被动的含义第30页/共159页31感 官 动 词 及 使 役 动 词（如：see,feel,hear,watch,make）在主动语态中用无to不定式做宾补，改为变动语态时要加to。The middle-aged man was seen_out of the house on theafternoonofthemurder.A.cameB.comeC.tocomeD.havecomeBecauseofmanymista
17、kes,shewasmade_theselettersagain.AtypeBtotypingCtypedDtotype第31页/共159页32情态动词的被动语态：构成：情态动词+be+过去分词。Theworkmustbefinishedbeforelunch.第32页/共159页33用 主 动 表 示 被 动 的 含 义。常 用：need/require+doingsth(=tobedone)(此句型主语大多为物)Myroomisamess.Itneeds_.AtobetidyingupB.tidyingupC.totidyupD.tidiedupItishotanddry;theflowe
18、rsneed_.AbeingwateredBbewateredCtowaterDtobewatered第33页/共159页34少数几个不及物动词如clean,read,sell,wash等以及表示状态或特征的系动词如appear,prove,seem,sound等用主动语态表达被动意义。Thebook_well.AissoldBsellsChasbeensoldDsell 第34页/共159页35情态动词情态动词第35页/共159页36考试重点：情态动词+完成时第36页/共159页37must+现在完成时：表示对已发生的事情的一种肯定的猜测。Mr.Green_myletter,otherwis
19、ehewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.（1998年44题）A.musthavereceivedB.musthavefailedtoreceiveC.mustreceiveD.mustfailtoreceiveSincethisroadiswetandslipperythismorning,it_lastnight.AmustrainBwasrainingCmusthaverainedDmayrain第37页/共159页38may/might+havedone表示不太确定的推测。Icantfindtherecorderintheroom.It_bysomebody.Amust
20、havetakenBmayhavetakenCmayhavebeentakenDshouldhavebeentaken第38页/共159页39should(oughtto)+完成时：表示应该做的事情而没有做，否定式表示不该做的事情却做了。含有对过去的动作的责备、批评。You ought _ the matter to themanagerthedaybeforeyesterday.AtoreportBtohavereportedCtoreportingDhavereported第39页/共159页40Im sorry I couldnt get in touchwithhimbeforehel
21、eft,I_himearlier.AhadatelephoneBhavephonedCshouldhavephonedDshouldbephoned 第40页/共159页41Sorry,officer.I_at80milesbutIdidntseeanysignintheareatellingpeoplehowfasttheycandrive.AshouldnotdriveBshouldnthavedrivenCmustntdriveDcantdrive第41页/共159页42could+完成时：表示能做的事情而没有做。表示对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，遗憾。He gave up a car
22、eer that _to hisfinalsuccess.AcouldhaveledBwouldleadCshouldhaveledDmustlead第42页/共159页43虚拟语气虚拟语气第43页/共159页44虚拟语气的基本形式表示与现在情况相反的虚拟语气If+主语+were/v-ed(动词过去式)主句主语+would(should/could/might)+动词原形.第44页/共159页45IfIthemeaningoftheword,Ihavetolookitup.A.know,wouldntB.haveknown,wouldntC.knew,wouldntD.dontknow,wou
23、ldDoyouthinktherewouldbelessconflictintheworldifallpeople_thesamelanguage?A.spokeB.speakC.hadspokenD.willspeak第45页/共159页46表示与过去情况相反的虚拟语气If+主语+haddone(过去完成式)主句主语+would(should/could/might)+havedone.第46页/共159页47IfBob_withus,hewouldhavehadagoodtime.A.wouldcomeB.wouldhavecomeC.hadcomeD.cameIfyouwhathesai
24、d,youcouldhaveavoidedrepeatingsuchabadmistake.A、paidattentiontoB、hadpaidattentiontoC、noticedD、hadnoticedto第47页/共159页48表示与将来情况相反的虚拟语气If+主语+should/weretodo主句主语+would(should/could/might)+动词原形.第48页/共159页49Ifthesun_inthewest,Iwouldfollowyou.A.weretoriseB.wastoriseC.hadrisenD.wouldrise第49页/共159页50错综时间句中，虚
25、拟条件句和主句动作发生的时不一致，这时主句和从句的谓语动词应当根据各自所指的时间选用适当的形式.IfIhadntstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,younow.A.wouldntbesmilingB.couldnthavesmiledC.wontsmileD.didntsmileIfyou_thatlatemovielastnight,youwouldntIfyou_thatlatemovielastnight,youwouldntbesosleepy.besosleepy.AhadntwatchedBhaventwatchedAhadntwat
26、chedBhaventwatchedCwouldnthavewatchedDdidntwatchCwouldnthavewatchedDdidntwatch第50页/共159页51省略if而采用倒装语序的条件句在虚拟条件句中，如谓语包含were,had,should等词，则可以把这些词放到主语前面，省略if第51页/共159页52beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinerparty.A.HadtheyarrivedB.WouldtheyarriveC.WeretheyarrivingD.Weretheytoarri
27、ve._youwerebusy,Iwouldnthavebotheredyouwithmyquestions.A.IfIrealizedB.HadIrealizedC.DidIhaverealizedthatD.AsIrealized第52页/共159页53_,Ishouldaskthemsomequestions.A.shouldtheycometousB.IftheycometousC.WeretheycometousD.Hadtheycometous_foryourhelp,wedneverhavebeenabletogetoverthedifficulties.A.HaditnotB.
28、IfitwerenotC.HaditnotbeenD.Ifwehadnotbeen第53页/共159页54含蓄条件句有的时间，假设情况并不是通过条件从句来表示，还可以用介词短语、上下文或其他方式来表示，其谓语动词也常常需要用虚拟语气。常用介词或介词短语有without,butfor，otherwise,or.第54页/共159页55Withoutheatandsunlight,plantsontheearth_well.A.wouldnotgrowB.willnotgrowC.hadnotgrowD.wouldnotbegrownButfortherain,we_aniceholiday.A.
29、shouldhave B.wouldhavehadC.wouldhaveD.willhavehadHemusthavehadanaccident,orhe_then.A.wouldhavebeenhereB.hadtohereC.shouldbehereD.wouldbehere第55页/共159页56以wish(that)引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气。表示现在或将来的愿望用：主语wish从句（主语过去时）；表示一个过去没有实现的愿望用：主语wish+从句（主语过去完成时）；第56页/共159页57Iwishyou_likethat.A.donttalkB.wonttalkC.w
30、ouldnttalkD.nottotalkIwishyou_withustomorrow.A.wouldgoB.didgoC.hadgoneD.willgo第57页/共159页58Peterwishesthathe_lawinsteadofliteraturewhenhewasincollege.A.couldstudyB.studiedC.hadstudiedD.wouldstudyIdidntgototheparty,butIdowishI_there.A.wereB.wouldbeC.hadbeenD.willbe第58页/共159页59在asif,asthough引导的从句中，如果谈论
31、的是不可能或不真实的情况时，它们所引用的状语从句要用虚拟语气，动词形式和wish后面的从中动词形式变化相同。Hetalksasifhe_everythingintheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.hadknownD.wouldhaveknownHelookedasifhe_forayear.A.hasnthadmealB.didnthaveamealC.hadnthadamealD.doesnthaveameal第59页/共159页60在具有愿望、请示、建议、命令等主观愿望的动词后的宾语从句中，需要用虚拟语气，形式为should+动词原形或直接用动词原形。常用的这类动词：insis
32、t（坚持），require（要求），request（要求），suggest（建议），propose（建议），recommend（建议），order（命令），command（命令，demand（要求），advise(忠告).第60页/共159页61Fatherinsistedthatthehomework_beforetenintheevening.A、istobefinishedB、oughttobefinishedC、befinishedD、hadtobefinished第61页/共159页62在某些表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等形容词之后的主语从句，需要使用虚拟语气。其结构是should+动
33、词原形或者只用动词原形。常见的这类形容词有：necessary（必要的），important（重要的），essential（紧要的），urgent（紧迫的），advisable（合理的），desirable（渴望的）.第62页/共159页63IdontthinkitadvisablethatTim_tothejobsincehehasnoexperience.A.isassignedB.willbeassignedC.beassignedD.hasbeenassigned 第63页/共159页64wouldrather(宁愿)用来表达主观意愿时，之后的宾语从句也需要用虚拟语气：wouldrat
34、herthat+过去式Iamtoobusythesedays.Iwouldratherallofyou_nextmonthforadinner.A.comeB.hadcomeC.cameD.havecome第64页/共159页65Itistime(hightime)that该做某事了。谓语动词用过去时Itshightimewe_somethingtostoptrafficaccident.AdoBwilldoCdidDmustdoCDontyouthinkitistimeyou_smocking?AgiveupBgaveupCwouldgiveupDshouldgiveup第65页/共159页
35、66非谓语动词非谓语动词第66页/共159页67不定式动名词分词第67页/共159页68动词不定式考试重点：动词不定式的基本结构和用法（尤其是复合结构，否定式，被动式，完成式等。）省略to的情况stop,remember,forget，goon接不定式和动名词的区别。havesthdone和havesbdosth。第68页/共159页69基本形式：一般式：tomake,tobemade完成式:tohavemade,tohavebeenmade第69页/共159页70感官动词如hear,watch,listento,notice,observe,see,lookat等接不带to的不定式做宾语补足
36、语。Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher_upfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow使役动词make,have,let后接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语。Iwouldhaveyou_ifIgotthemessage.AknowBtoknowC.knewD.known第70页/共159页71有些固定的结构接不带to的不定式donothing/anything/everythingbut+dosthcanthelpbut+dosthhavenochoicebut+dosthhadbetter+dosthwouldr
37、ather+dosth第71页/共159页72接动名词和不定式意思不同：remembertodo/doingforgettodo/doingregrettodo/doingstoptodo/doinggoontodo/doing第72页/共159页73Theoldmanwalkedslowly,stoppingfrequently_.A.onrestB.atrestC.restingD.torestMenwillneverstop_fornewwaysofgettingnewenergy.A.searchB.tosearchC.searching D.searched-Thelightinth
38、eofficeisstillon.-Oh,Iforgot_.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff第73页/共159页74特殊不定式短语（不定式的复合结构）：for/of+名词（代词）+不定式（短语）Itisnecessary_thepapersimmediately.A.for you to hand in B.that you handoutC.yourhandinD.foryourhandinItisbrave_Englishattheageof60.AofhertolearnBforhertolearnCofh
39、erlearningDforherlearning第74页/共159页75havesthdone和havesbdosth的用法：Wearegoingtohaveouroffice_tomakeroomforanewengineer.A.torearrangeB.rearrangeC.rearrangedD.rearrangingIll_thatImaqualifiedengineer.A.have you know B.have knownyouC.have you knowing D.have youknown第75页/共159页76need,want,require,deserve,dem
40、and,bear等动词后，跟不定式时，用被动形式表示被动含义；跟动名词时，用主动形式表被动含义。此时主语多为物。Thisbookdeservesmentioning/tobementioned.Theroomneedscleaning/tobecleaned.第76页/共159页77动名词考试重点：动名词的逻辑主语，完成式，被动式，否定式动名词做介词的宾语常跟动名词的结构第77页/共159页78常跟动名词作宾语的动词：admit,acknowledge,avoid,appreciate,enjoy,escape,excuse,fancyfinish,imagine,include,involv
41、e,miss,mind,suggest,etc.第78页/共159页79Peopleappreciate_withhimbecausehehasagoodsenseA.toworkB.tohaveworkedC.workingD.havingworkedThepoliceaccusedhimofsettingfirebuthedenied_intheareaonthenightofthefire.A.tobeB.tohavebeenC.beD.havingbeen第79页/共159页80动名词用在介词后objectto,lookforwardto,dreamof，putoff,succeedi
42、n,feellike,thinkof,stopfrom,thankfor,beusedto,beaccustomedto等。第80页/共159页81Itisnouse,Itisnogood,Itisuseless等句型跟动名词：Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.Itsnogoodtryingtopersuadehimnottodothat.第81页/共159页82Thereisno结构中Thereisnopoint(in)arguingwithhim.Thereisnosensejokingaboutsuchmatters.第82页/共159页83一些其它的结构也常要求
43、用V-inghavetrouble/difficulty/problem/ahardtime/fun(in)doingsthItisawasteoftime/moneydoingsthspendtimeindoingsthfeellikedoingsthcannothelpdoingsthbebusy/worthdoingsth第83页/共159页84动名词的被动式：Nooneavoid_byadvertisements.A.influencedB.influencingC.toinfluenceD.beinginfluenced动名词的逻辑主语：当动名词的逻辑主语是代词时可使用形容词性的物主
44、代词或代词的宾格。Heforgotabout_himtoattendmywifesbirthdayparty.A.IaskingB.myaskingC.metoaskD.minetoask第84页/共159页85分词考试重点：分词在句中的作用现在分词和过去分词的区别分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语是否一致分词的独立主格结构with(without)引导的分词的独立结构第85页/共159页86thedevelopingcountriesthedevelopedcountriestheoppressingclasstheoppressedclass第86页/共159页87现在分词表示主动，且动作在进行；
45、过去分词表示被动，或动作已完成。第87页/共159页88作定语：现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(与名词有主谓关系)，过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(与名词是动宾关系).第88页/共159页89asleepingbaby=ababywhoissleepingarunningdog=adogwhichisrunningabrokenglass=aglasswhichisbrokenabeatenteam=ateamwhichisbeaten第89页/共159页90作宾补：在see,watch,hear,observe,notice,feel,find,glimpse,glance等感官动词及hav
46、e,keep,get,catch,leave,set,start,send动词后面作宾语补语的成分。第90页/共159页91Icaughthimdoingsomethingelseinclass.Wefoundthepathcoveredwhitesnow.第91页/共159页92Standingonthebank,thechildrenwatchedtheship_withallkindsofgoods.A.loadingB.beingloadedC.loadingD.havingloadedThefarmercaughttheboys_hisapples.A.stoleB.stealing
47、C.tostealD.wouldsteal第92页/共159页93表语：分词作表语当主语是指人时，多用过去分词，译成“某人对某人/物感到”主语指物时用现在分词，译成“某物是/使人、令人的”第93页/共159页94Shetoldmethatitwasthemost_giftherdaughterhadreceived.A.delightingB.delightedC.delights D.delightMyparentsare_withmyprogress.A.pleaseB.pleasedC.pleasing D.beingpleased第94页/共159页95作状语：分词作状语分词在句子中作
48、状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。第95页/共159页96Hewassittingathisdesk,lookingathiswatch.Whenheated,icewillbechangedintowater.第96页/共159页97分词做状语相当一个状语从句。现在分词与句子主语在逻辑上是主动关系，过去分词与句子主语在逻辑上是被动关系。_fullpreparations,theythoughtitbettertopostponethemeetingtillnextweek.ANottohavemadeB.MakingnotC.NothavingmadeD.Havingnot
49、made_,hefelttoonervoustospeak.A.HavingbeenwatchedbyacrowdofpeopleB.WatchingbyacrowdofpeopleC.HavingwatchedbyacrowdofpeopleD.Beingwatchedbyacrowdofpeople第97页/共159页98分词做状语时，逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。_fromspace,ourearth(withwatercovering70%ofitssurface,)appearsasa“blueplanet.”A.SeenB.SeeingC.TobeseenDHavingseen第98页
50、/共159页99分词的复合结构：（分词的独立主格）_,theywentswimming.A.BeingahotdayB.ItwasahotdayC.DuetoahotdayD.Thedaybeinghot第99页/共159页100Thewholegrouptookpartinthediscussion,eachmember_theresponsibilityofleadingonemeeting.AhasBhavingChashadDhad_nothingmoretodiscuss,thesecretarygottohisfeet,saidgoodbyeandlefttheroom.A.asb