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1、虚拟语气讲解subjunctive mood 寒假来临,不少的高中毕业生和大学在校生都选择去打工。准备过一个充实而有意义的寒假。但是,目前社会上寒假招工的陷阱很多虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气的概念n虚拟语气(虚拟语气(subjunctive mood)表示)表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望、假设和所说的话只是一种主观的愿望、假设和建议等。建议等。虚拟语气的形式虚拟语气的形式寒假来临,不少的高中毕业生和大学在校生都选择去打工。准备过一个充实而有意义的寒假。但是,目前社会上寒假招工的陷阱很多If条件句的种类条件句的种类n条件句有条件句有真实条件句真实条件句与与非真实条件句非真实条件句两两种。种。真实真实条
2、件句所表的假设是可能发生条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的,句子中的条件从句与结果主或实现的,句子中的条件从句与结果主句皆用直接语气,如:句皆用直接语气,如:n1)if I have enough money next year,I will go to Japann2)if you have finished with that book,take it back to the library.寒假来临,不少的高中毕业生和大学在校生都选择去打工。准备过一个充实而有意义的寒假。但是,目前社会上寒假招工的陷阱很多 If 条件句的虚拟语气条件句的虚拟语气n非真实条件句非真实条件句所表的假设则是不可
3、能或所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的,句中的条件从不大可能发生或实现的,句中的条件从句和结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。句和结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。nIf you had not reminded me,I might have forgotten.nIf he were wise,he should have come to see me.寒假来临,不少的高中毕业生和大学在校生都选择去打工。准备过一个充实而有意义的寒假。但是,目前社会上寒假招工的陷阱很多虚拟语气构成类表虚拟语气构成类表从句从句主句主句与过去事实相反与过去事实相反Had+过去分词过去分词Should have+done与现在
4、事实相反与现在事实相反动词过去式动词过去式Be 用用wereShould+do 与将来事实相反与将来事实相反动词过去式动词过去式Were to+do should+动词原型动词原型Should+do 寒假来临,不少的高中毕业生和大学在校生都选择去打工。准备过一个充实而有意义的寒假。但是,目前社会上寒假招工的陷阱很多 Examplesn假如我是你的话,我就不会要那些钱。假如我是你的话,我就不会要那些钱。nIf I were you,I would refuse the money.n假若我们有时间的话,我们就会顺道拜访了假若我们有时间的话,我们就会顺道拜访了nWe should have dro
5、pped by if we had had time.n假如他来看我,就会认识我。假如他来看我,就会认识我。nIf he should see me,he would know me.寒假来临,不少的高中毕业生和大学在校生都选择去打工。准备过一个充实而有意义的寒假。但是,目前社会上寒假招工的陷阱很多条件从句和结果主句所表时间不一致条件从句和结果主句所表时间不一致的虚拟语气的虚拟语气n从句的动作与主句的动作发生时间不一从句的动作与主句的动作发生时间不一致的情况,这时动词的形式应根据所表致的情况,这时动词的形式应根据所表示的时间做相应的调整。这称为错综虚示的时间做相应的调整。这称为错综虚拟条件句。
6、拟条件句。寒假来临,不少的高中毕业生和大学在校生都选择去打工。准备过一个充实而有意义的寒假。但是,目前社会上寒假招工的陷阱很多ExamplesnIf I had spoken to him yesterday,I should know what to do now.从句是过去时虚拟,主句是现在进行时虚拟从句是过去时虚拟,主句是现在进行时虚拟nIf we had not been working hard in the past few years,things would not be going smoothly.从句是过去时虚拟,主句是现在进行时虚拟从句是过去时虚拟,主句是现在进行时虚拟
7、 寒假来临,不少的高中毕业生和大学在校生都选择去打工。准备过一个充实而有意义的寒假。但是,目前社会上寒假招工的陷阱很多ExercisesnYou (be)better now if you (take)my advice.nIf my father (sent)me,I (be)not here now.nIf he (come),what we (say)to him.寒假来临,不少的高中毕业生和大学在校生都选择去打工。准备过一个充实而有意义的寒假。但是,目前社会上寒假招工的陷阱很多虚拟语气中的倒装句虚拟语气中的倒装句n非真实条件从句的连词非真实条件从句的连词if在书面语中可以在书面语中可以
8、省略,并将谓语中的省略,并将谓语中的were,had,should 移置主语之前。移置主语之前。n Were you in my position,you would do the same.nHad I time,I would come.寒假来临,不少的高中毕业生和大学在校生都选择去打工。准备过一个充实而有意义的寒假。但是,目前社会上寒假招工的陷阱很多含蓄条件句含蓄条件句n非真实条件句中的从句有时不表达出来,只暗非真实条件句中的从句有时不表达出来,只暗含在上下文中,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含在上下文中,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。nWhat would I have done without
9、you?nIt would be easier to do it in this way.nWithout your help I could not have finished the task on time.nBut for the storm,we should have arrived earlier 寒假来临,不少的高中毕业生和大学在校生都选择去打工。准备过一个充实而有意义的寒假。但是,目前社会上寒假招工的陷阱很多nI am really very busy,otherwise I would certainly go there with you.nA man of less c
10、ourage would not have dared to go.nIf only I had more time to think about it寒假来临,不少的高中毕业生和大学在校生都选择去打工。准备过一个充实而有意义的寒假。但是,目前社会上寒假招工的陷阱很多conclusionn介词或介词短语介词或介词短语with,without,but for(要不是要不是),in the absence of,under,if only(要是要是就好了就好了),表示条表示条件,句中用虚拟语气件,句中用虚拟语气.寒假来临,不少的高中毕业生和大学在校生都选择去打工。准备过一个充实而有意义的寒假。但是
11、,目前社会上寒假招工的陷阱很多从句中的虚拟语气主语从句n在下列结构的主语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气,形式为should+do,should可省nIt is necessary/imperative/important/essential/advisable/better/ordered/proposed/desired/requested/suggested/recommended/demanded/decided/arranged/natural/impossible/sorry/strange/a pity/a shame/no wonder that寒假来临,不少的高中毕业生和大学在校生
12、都选择去打工。准备过一个充实而有意义的寒假。但是,目前社会上寒假招工的陷阱很多ExamplenIt was arranged that they leave the following week.nIt is a pity that she should fare(过过活活)so badly.nIt is his desire that a medical man should stay here.寒假来临,不少的高中毕业生和大学在校生都选择去打工。准备过一个充实而有意义的寒假。但是,目前社会上寒假招工的陷阱很多Exercisesn我们说话要有礼貌,这是很重要的。我们说话要有礼貌,这是很重要的
13、。nIt is important that we should speak politely.n应当进行批评与自我批评。应当进行批评与自我批评。nIt is imperative that we should practise criticism and self-criticism.寒假来临,不少的高中毕业生和大学在校生都选择去打工。准备过一个充实而有意义的寒假。但是,目前社会上寒假招工的陷阱很多Exercisesn没有必要使每一个人都成为科学家。没有必要使每一个人都成为科学家。nIt is not necessary that everyone be a scientist.n他这样想是
14、很自然的事情他这样想是很自然的事情nIt is natural that he should think so.寒假来临,不少的高中毕业生和大学在校生都选择去打工。准备过一个充实而有意义的寒假。但是,目前社会上寒假招工的陷阱很多宾语从句的虚拟宾语从句的虚拟n在表示命令,建议,要求的动词,如在表示命令,建议,要求的动词,如 advise,commend,demand,insist,order,propose,recommend,request,suggest,等后面的宾语从句,等后面的宾语从句中,谓语动词用中,谓语动词用should+动词原型,动词原型,should 可省略。可省略。nHe in
15、sisted that you should be on time.寒假来临,不少的高中毕业生和大学在校生都选择去打工。准备过一个充实而有意义的寒假。但是,目前社会上寒假招工的陷阱很多特例特例nInsist表坚持,强调表坚持,强调suggest 表表明,表表明,暗示时,不用虚拟。暗示时,不用虚拟。nHe insisted that he had never stolen anything.nThe expression on her face suggested that she was tired.寒假来临,不少的高中毕业生和大学在校生都选择去打工。准备过一个充实而有意义的寒假。但是,目前社
16、会上寒假招工的陷阱很多Wish 后面的宾语从句后面的宾语从句n1,用过去式表现在不能实现的愿望,用过去式表现在不能实现的愿望nI wish I were as strong as you.n2,用过去完成时表过去不能实现的愿望,用过去完成时表过去不能实现的愿望.nWe wish we had paid more attention to our pronunciation.n3,用过去将来时表将来不能实现的愿望,用过去将来时表将来不能实现的愿望nI wish he would try again.寒假来临,不少的高中毕业生和大学在校生都选择去打工。准备过一个充实而有意义的寒假。但是,目前社会上
17、寒假招工的陷阱很多表达愿望表达愿望n在在would rather,would sooner,后面后面的句子中,用动词过去式表示尚未发生的句子中,用动词过去式表示尚未发生的动作,用过去完成时动词表示对已发的动作,用过去完成时动词表示对已发生的动作的某种愿望生的动作的某种愿望nI would rather you had left for HangZhou last week.。nI would rather/sooner you came tomorrow.寒假来临,不少的高中毕业生和大学在校生都选择去打工。准备过一个充实而有意义的寒假。但是,目前社会上寒假招工的陷阱很多同位语从句和表语从句的虚
18、拟同位语从句和表语从句的虚拟在下列名词后面的同位语从句和表语从句中,谓在下列名词后面的同位语从句和表语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气:语动词用虚拟语气:suggestion,proposal,order,instruction,advice,motion(提议)等(提议)等.1.He gave the order that the results of the experiment(should)be rechecked.2.My suggestion is that we(should)send a trade delegation to Malaysia.寒假来临,不少的高中毕业生和大学在校生
19、都选择去打工。准备过一个充实而有意义的寒假。但是,目前社会上寒假招工的陷阱很多其他其他nAs if(though)连接的从句,谓语动词连接的从句,谓语动词虚拟形势与虚拟形势与wish 用法相同用法相同寒假来临,不少的高中毕业生和大学在校生都选择去打工。准备过一个充实而有意义的寒假。但是,目前社会上寒假招工的陷阱很多nIt is(high,about)time that 的句型的句型中用虚拟语气表应该做而没有作的事情,中用虚拟语气表应该做而没有作的事情,从句谓语一律用过去式从句谓语一律用过去式nIt is time that we went to bed.nIt is time we left寒
20、假来临,不少的高中毕业生和大学在校生都选择去打工。准备过一个充实而有意义的寒假。但是,目前社会上寒假招工的陷阱很多n在以在以lest,for fear that,in case引出的引出的从句中用虚拟语气从句中用虚拟语气 lest,for fear that都表示都表示“惟恐,免得惟恐,免得”从句中使用从句中使用“should+动词原形动词原形”构成谓语构成谓语nHe took his umbrella with him lest it should rain.nIn case I forget,please remind me of my promise.寒假来临,不少的高中毕业生和大学在校
21、生都选择去打工。准备过一个充实而有意义的寒假。但是,目前社会上寒假招工的陷阱很多Exercisen1,Without electricity human life_quite different today.nA is B will be nC would have been D would ben2,When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it _nA breaks B has broken nC were broken D had been broken 寒假来临,不少的高中毕业生和大学在校生都选择去打工。准备过
22、一个充实而有意义的寒假。但是,目前社会上寒假招工的陷阱很多n3“It is getting very late.”n“Yes,it is time we _back home”nA have gone B should gonenC went D shall gon4,I can go myself but I would sooner you_nA go B have gone C will go D went寒假来临,不少的高中毕业生和大学在校生都选择去打工。准备过一个充实而有意义的寒假。但是,目前社会上寒假招工的陷阱很多5,The new airport (complete)if the
23、y had not stopped working on it.6,Peters pale face suggested that he (be)ill,and his parents suggested that he (have)a medical examination.7,It is generally thought to be of importance to a man that he (know)himself.8,without air,there (be)no wind or rain.寒假来临,不少的高中毕业生和大学在校生都选择去打工。准备过一个充实而有意义的寒假。但是,目前社会上寒假招工的陷阱很多9,He has been studying so hard.It is natural that he (pass)tomorrows exam.10,He (pass)the test,but he was not careful enough.11,If only we (do)as we were told.This would never have happened.12,If there were no subjunctive mood,English (be)much easier.