《哈尔滨医科大学2001级组织学与胚胎学期末考试试题.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《哈尔滨医科大学2001级组织学与胚胎学期末考试试题.pdf（11页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、哈尔滨医科大学哈尔滨医科大学 20012001 级组织学与胚胎学期末考试试题级组织学与胚胎学期末考试试题哈尔滨医科大学组织学与胚胎学试题题签哈尔滨医科大学组织学与胚胎学试题题签0101 级基础七年制级基础七年制一、一、Select subjectSelect subject.Each item is followed by five answers.Please select the best one answer.（300.7=21 分）（答案请写在多选题答题卡上）1.Which one of the following statements about epithelia is FALSE
2、?(A)They are polarized(B)They are vascular(C)They are separated from underlying connective tissue by a basal lamina(D)They contain only a small amount of intercellular substance(E)They line the lumen of blood vessels2.All of the following cells arise from cells arise from undifferentiatedmesenchymal
3、 cells within connective tissue and remain there permanentlyEXCEPT？(A)pericytes(B)eosinophils(C)fibrolasts(D)osteoblasts(E)adipocytes3.Which one of the following cells arises from monocytes?(A)Plasma cell(B)Fibroblasts(C)Lymphocytes(D)Macrophages(E)Mast cell4.Energy production in mature erythrocytes
4、 is accomplished by which oneof the following?(A)Glycolytic pathway(B)Mitochondria(C)Electron transport system(D)Citric acid cycle(Krebs cycle)(E)Golgi complex5.Which one of the following statements regarding osteocytes is FALSE?(A)They communicate with each other via haversian canals(B)They live fo
5、r a long time(C)They possess long cytoplasmic processes(D)They are housed in their own lacunae(E)Osteocytes communicate with each other via narrow cytoplasmicprocesses that extend through canaliculi.6.Which one of the following statements regarding cartilage is FALSE?(A)Its growth rate is increased
6、by testosterone and thyroxine(B)Its growth rate is decreased by cortisone and estradiol(C)Fibrocartilage is the cartilage model in endochondral bone formation(D)The matrix of elastic cartilage is identical to that of hyalinecartilage except that it contains elastic fibers(E)Hyaline cartilage is the
7、cartilage model associated with endochondralbone formation.7.Which of the following statements concerning mature skeletal muscle isFALSE?(A)The cells are multinucleated(B)A sarcomere is the region between two successive Z disks(C)The nuclei are centrally located(D)Myofidrils display a characteristic
8、 crossbanding pattern(E)Actin,myosin,troponin,and tropomyosin are present8.The axon hillock contains(A)rough endoplasmic reticulum(B)ribosomes(C)microtubules(D)Golgi complex(E)synaptic vesicles9.Which of the following statements concerning the epicardium is TRUE?(A)It is continuous with the endocard
9、ium(B)It is the visceral pericardium(C)It possesses modified cardiac muscle cells(D)It functions to increase intraventricular pressure(E)It possesses cardiac muscle cells10.Which of the followingcell types ispresent in thegastric glands ofthe pyloric stomach?(A)Goblet cells(B)Mucous neck cells(C)Pan
10、eth cells(D)Basal cells(E)Chief cells11.All of the following material can be absorbed directly by the surfaceabsorptive cell of the intestines EXCEPT(A)water(B)monosaccharide(C)free fatty acids(D)ions(E)small peptides12.Which of the following statements concerning the pancreas is FALSE?(A)It possess
11、es islets of Langerhans(B)It possess serous demilunes(C)It contains more beta cells than alpha cells(D)It exhibits large,electron-lucent granules in its S cells.(E)Its acinar cells contain a round nucleus13.Which of the following statements concerning liver sinusoids is TRUE?(A)They are continuous w
12、ith bile canaliculi(B)They are surrounded by a well developed basal lamina(C)They are lined by nonfenestrated endothelial cells(D)They deliver blood to the central vein(E)They deliver blood to portal vein14.Circulating antibodies are synthesized and secreted by which of thefollowing cells?(A)T memor
13、y cells(B)B memory cells(C)T helper cells(D)Plasma cells(E)T cytotoxic cells15.Which of the following statements concerning adrenal parenchymal cellsis TRUE?(A)Those of the zona fasciculate produce androgens(B)Those of the adrenal medulla produce epinephrine and norepinephrine(C)Those of the zona gl
14、omerulosa produce glucocorticoids(D)Those of the cortex contain numerous secretory granules(E)Those of the adrenal medulla produce glucocorticoids16.The blood-gas barrier in alveoli may include each of the followingEXCEPT?(A)cytoplasm of a type pneumocyte(B)basal lamina of type alveolar cells(C)cyto
15、plasm of a type pneumocyte(D)endothelium of a continuous capillary(E)basal lamina of an endothelial cell17.Which of the following statements about Langerhans cells is TRUE?(A)They commonly are found in the dermis(B)They function as sensory mechanoreceptors(C)They function as receptors for cold(D)The
16、y play an immunologic role in the skin(E)They are of epithelial origin18.Renal filtration barrier consists of all of the following componentsEXCEPT(A)The fenestrated endothelium of the glomerular capillaries(B)The basal lamina(C)The filtration slits with diaphragms between pedicels(D)Medullary rays(
17、E)Renal capsule19.A nephron includes all of the following components EXCEPT(A)A renal corpuscle(B)A distal convoluted tubule(C)A thin limb of the loop of Henle(D)A collecting tubule(E)Pars recta of the proximal tubule20.All of the following cell types are found in the brain EXCEPT(A)Purkinje cells(B
18、)Stellate cells(C)Schwann cells(D)Small granule cells(E)Pyramidal cells21.Seminiferous tubules contain all of the following components EXCEPT(A)Sertoli cells(B)Spermatocytes(C)A fibrous connective tissue tunic(D)Skeletal muscle in their tunica propria(E)A germinal epithelium22.Which of the following
19、 statements concerning secondary ovarianfollicles is TRUE?(A)They lack liquor folliculi(B)They contain a secondary oocyte(C)Their continued maturation requires FSH(D)They lack a theca externa(E)They have a single layer of cuboidal follicular cells surrounding theoocyte23.Prolactin is synthesized and
20、 secreted by which of the followingcells?(A)Acidophils in the pars distails(B)Basophils in the pars tuberalis(C)Somatotrophs in the pars distalis(D)Basophils in the pars intermedia(E)Chief cell24.In which of the following sites do lymphocytes becomeimmunocompetent?(A)Germinal center of secondary lym
21、phoid nodules(B)White pulp of the spleen(C)Thymus cortex(D)Red pulp of the spleen(E)Paracortex of lymph nodes25.Which of the following statements is NOT the process of the tissuepreparation?(A)Fixation(B)Dehydration(C)Embedment(D)Cover slip(E)Microscope26.Which one of the following statements about
22、stratified squamousepithelium is FALSE?(A)The surface layer of cells may be keratinized(B)The cells in its most superficial layer are cuboidal(C)It is supported by a basal lamina(D)Its cells possess desmosomes(E)Stratified squamous epithelium is characterized by flattened cellsin its superficial lay
23、er.27.Of the following cell types found in connective tissue,which is mostoften present along capillaries and resembles fibroblasts?(A)Plasma cell(B)Lymphocyte(C)Macrophage(D)Pericyte(E)Mast cells28.Which of the following are present in elastic arteries but are NOTseen in muscular arteries?(A)Elasti
24、c fibers(B)Factor(C)Fenestrated membranes(D)External elastic lamina(E)Basement membrane29.Adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH)is produced by which of thefollowing cells?(A)Chromophobes in the pars distalis(B)Neurosecretory cells in the median eminence(C)Acidophils in the pars distalis(D)Neurons of the
25、paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus(E)None of the above30.Whih of the following statements regarding the cerebrospinal fluidis FALSE?(A)It is secreted by the choroids plexus(B)It bathes and nourishes the brain and spinal cord(C)It is composed mostly of protein with little sodium and potassiu
26、m(D)It is resorbed by arachnoid villi(E)Blockage of its pathway leads to hydrocephalus二、填空题（100.5=5 分）1、毛细血管在电镜下分为（）、（）、（），其三个基本功能是（）、（）、（）。2、气血屏障由（）、（）、（）和（）构成。三、论述题三、论述题（24 分）1 食入的蛋白质在小肠内分解为氨基酸后经小肠哪些结构进入血液，然后经何途径入肝？入肝后又经过哪些结构进入肝细胞？（5 分）2 试述化学突触的结构（包括超微结构）。（5 分）3 何为子宫内膜的月经周期？分泌期子宫内膜内基质细胞是如何分化的？（4分）
27、4 试述粗、细肌丝的分子结构特点。（5 分）5 试述淋巴结的结构与功能。（5 分）四、胚胎题四、胚胎题（10 分）1.填图(Fill the blank of embryonic picture)（50.5=2.5 分）2.解释下列胚层来源（50.5=2.5 分）毛心肌输精管食管上皮小脑3.解释畸形（5 分）（1）腭裂(cleft lip)（1 分）（2）马蹄肾(horseshoe kidney)（1 分）（3）隐睾（cryptorchidism）（1 分）（4）房间隔缺损(atrial septal defect)（2 分）哈尔滨医科大学组织学与胚胎学试题答案哈尔滨医科大学组织学与胚胎学试题
28、答案0101 级基础七年制级基础七年制一、选择题一、选择题1B 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.A6.C 7.C 8.C 9.B 10.B11.C 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.B16.A 17.D 18.D 19.D 20.C21.D 22.D 23.C 24.C 25.E26.B 27.D 28.D 29.E 30.C二、填空题二、填空题（100.5=5 分）1.毛细血管在电镜下分为（连续毛细血管）、（有孔毛细血管）、（血窦），其三个基本功能是（选择性通透与物质交换）、（合成和代谢活动）、（抗血栓形成）。2.气血屏障由（肺泡表面液泡层）、（I 型肺泡细胞与基膜）、（薄层结缔组织）和（毛细
29、血管基膜与内皮）构成。三、论述题三、论述题（24 分）1 食入的蛋白质在小肠内分解为氨基酸后经小肠哪些结构进入血液，然后经何途径入肝？入肝后又经过哪些结构进入肝细胞？（5 分）食物中的蛋白质在小肠内分解为氨基酸后，经小肠绒毛吸收细胞游离缘的微绒毛入吸收细胞内，经细胞侧面的细胞膜入细胞间隙经基膜入固有层，经有孔毛细血管内皮外基膜，经有孔内皮入毛细血管内血液中。然后经门脉进入肝脏。入肝后经小叶间静脉入终末门微静脉，再进入肝血窦。经内皮细胞孔或细胞间隙进入窦周隙，最后经肝细胞的绒毛进入肝细胞。2试述化学突触的结构（包括超微结构）。（5 分）由突触前膜(突触小泡)、突触间隙和突触后膜(受体)组成。突触
30、是神经冲动定向传导的重要结构。突触小泡是位于突触前结构(一般为轴突末梢，或称扣结)内的膜包小泡，电镜下方可看到，是辨认突触的标志性结构。小泡多为圆形，也有扁平状的，有的清亮，有的有致密核芯。小泡内含有神经递质或神经调质、表面附有突触小泡相关蛋白(突触素 I)，使小泡集合并附在细胞骨架上。当神经冲动沿轴膜传至轴突终末时，细胞外 Ca2进入突触前成分，在 ATP 的参与下使突触素I 发生磷酸化，使突触小泡移附在突触前膜上，以出胞作用释放神经递质到突触间隙内，影响突触后神经元或非神经细胞的活动。3何为子宫内膜的月经周期？分泌期子宫内膜内基质细胞是如何分化的？（4 分）女性自青春期起至绝经期止，在卵巢
31、激素的直接作用下，每 28 天左右子宫内膜出现一次剥脱，出血和修复，此过程称月经周期。子宫内膜分泌期时，内膜基质细胞继续增生分化，形成的细胞体积增大变圆，胞质内充满糖原和脂滴，即前蜕膜细胞。若妊娠成立前蜕膜细胞则变成蜕膜细胞。另一部分细胞体积较小、圆形、胞质内含有颗粒，细胞分泌松弛素。4试述粗、细肌丝的分子结构特点。（5 分）粗肌丝是由许多杆状的肌球蛋白分子平行排列聚集而成，形似豆芽,由头和基杆两部分组成。头部朝向粗肌丝两端并露出表面，称为横桥，具有 ATP 酶活性，可结合分解 ATP 产生能量，并有与肌动蛋白相结合的位点。细肌丝是由三种蛋白质组成。肌动蛋白分子，单体为球形，上有与肌球蛋白头相
32、结合的位点，许多单体相互连接，形成两条有极性的互相缠绕的螺旋链。原肌球蛋白，两条多肽链绞合而成索，嵌在肌动蛋白分子链的螺旋沟内。肌钙蛋白附在原肌球蛋白上，是由三个球形亚单位组成，分别称为 TnI、TnT 和 TnC,其中 TnC是能与 Ca2+结合的亚单位；TnT 是能与原肌球蛋白相结合的亚单位。5试述淋巴结的结构与功能。（5 分）淋巴结间质：被膜、小梁均由结缔组织构成。淋巴结实质：皮质：浅层皮质：少量弥散淋巴组织，淋巴小结，滤泡树突细胞，生发中心；深层皮质：副皮质区弥散淋巴组织，高内皮静脉，交错突细胞；淋巴窦：被膜下窦，小粱周窦，皮窦。髓质：髓索、髓窦（对结构详细说明）功能：滤过淋巴液，进行
33、免疫应答。产生淋巴细胞。四、胚胎题（10 分）1.填图(Fill the blank of embryonic picture)（50.5=2.5 分）2.解释下列胚层来源（50.5=2.5 分）毛外胚层心肌中胚层输精管内胚层食管上皮内胚层小脑外胚层3.解释畸形（5 分）（1）腭裂(cleft lip)（1 分）是因两侧的外侧腭突未在正中线愈合或愈合不完全或外侧腭突未与正中腭突愈合所致。（2）马蹄肾(horseshoe kidney)（1 分）后肾发育过程中，左右输尿管芽的内侧互相愈合，使左右肾下端互相融合成马蹄形。由于肾上升时被肠系膜下动脉跟部所阻，故肾的位置较正常为低。（3）隐睾（cryptorchidism）（1 分）睾丸未降入阴囊称隐睾。睾丸可停留在腹腔、腹股沟管或皮下。一般认为是由于雄激素分泌不足所致。（4）房间隔缺损(atrial septal defect)（2 分）房间隔缺损最常见的为卵圆孔未闭，它通常是第二孔形成时，第一隔吸收过多，第二孔过大或吸收异常所致。大的房间隔缺损是因第一隔吸收过多所致。心内膜垫发育不全亦可导致房间隔缺损。