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1、初中英语定语从句的用法和精练的用法和精练一、定语从句的概念一、定语从句的概念在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的关系词二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包 where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句
2、紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法四、关系代词的用法 1.that 1.that 既可以用于指人既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如作宾语可省略。例如:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that 作主语)The coat(that)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝
3、色的。(that 作宾语)2.which 2.which 用于指物用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如作宾语可省略。例如:The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)The film(which)we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)3.who,whom 3.who,whom 用于指人用于指人,who,who 用作主语用作主语,whom
4、,whom 用作宾语。在口语中用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用有时可用 whowho 代替代替 whom,whom,也可省略。例如也可省略。例如:The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)Who is the teacher(whom)Li Ming is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)注意注意:(1):(1)当定语从句中含有介词当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时介词放在句末时,who,who,that,that,whichwhich可省略可
5、省略,但介词在关系代词前时但介词在关系代词前时,只能用只能用“介“介词词+which/whom+which/whom”结构。例如”结构。例如:This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。(2)(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如只能放在原来的位置上。例如:This is the person whom you
6、 are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。(3)that (3)that 作介词的宾语时作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。(4)(4)关系词只能用关系词只能用 thatthat 的情况的情况:a.a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用只能用 that,that,而不用而不用w
7、hich.which.例如例如:He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。b.b.被修饰的先行词为被修饰的先行词为 all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,the oneall,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,the one 等不定代词时等不定代词时,只能用只能用that,that,而不用而不用 which.which.例如例如:Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你
8、在商店里有什么东西要买吗?c.c.先行词被先行词被 the only,the very,the same,the last,little,fewthe only,the very,the same,the last,little,few等词修饰时等词修饰时,只能用只能用 that,that,而不用而不用 which.which.例如例如:This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d.d.先行词里同时含有人或物时先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用只能用 that,that,而不用而不用 which.which.例如例如:I can remember
9、 well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.e.以以 whowho 或或 whichwhich 引导的特殊疑问句引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复为避免重复,只能用只能用 that.that.例如例如:Who is the girl that is crying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?f.f.主句是主句是 there bethere be 结构结构,修饰主语的定语从句用修饰主语的定语从句用 that,that,而不用而不用 which.which.例如例如:There is
10、a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。(5)(5)关系词只能用关系词只能用 which,which,而不用而不用 thatthat 的情况的情况:a.a.先行词为先行词为 that,thosethat,those 时时,用用 which,which,而不用而不用 that.that.例如例如:Whats that which is under the desk?在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?b.b.关系代词前有介词时关系代词前有介词时,一般用一般用 which,which,而不用而不用 that.that.例如例如:This is t
11、he room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。c.c.引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句,用用 which,which,而不用而不用 that.that.例如例如:Tom came back,which made us happy.汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。五、关系副词的用法五、关系副词的用法 (1)when (1)when 指时间指时间,其先行词表示时间其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如在句中作时间状语。例如:This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。(2)where (2)where 指地点指地点,其先行词表
12、示地点其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如在句中作地点状语。例如:This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。(3)why (3)why 指原因指原因,其先行词是原因其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如起原因状语作用。例如:Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。I.I.单项填空。单项填空。1.-Do you know the man _is talking with your father?-Yes,hes our headmaster.A.he B.who
13、 C.which D.whom 2.Is this the river _I can swim?A.which B.in which C.that D.the one 3.This is the best hotel in the city _I know.A.where B.which C.that D.it 4.Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day?A.that you bought B.you bought it C.that you bought it D.which you bought it 5.Anyone _with wha
14、t I said may put up you hands.A.which agrees B.who agree C.who agrees D.which agree6.My watch is not the only thing _ is missing.A.that B.it C.which who 7.The man _coat is black is waiting at the gate A.whos B.whose C.that of which.8.The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister.A.which;is B.whom;
15、was C.who;is D.who;was 9.I love places _the people are really friendly.A.that B.which C.where D.who 10.The world _ is made up of matter.A.in that we live B.on which we live C.where we live in D.we live in.用适当的关系代词用适当的关系代词 that,which,who,whomthat,which,who,whom 填空。填空。1.The first thing _you must do is
16、 to have a meal.2.April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west.4.The house _we live in is very old.3.The family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.5.Didnt you see the man _I talked with just now?答案：答案：CBCAC ABCCB That,which,which,who,whom.CBCAC ABCCB That,which,which,who,whom.