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1、 Revision ofthe Attributive Clause定语从句复习定语从句复习An attributive clause modifies a noun in the same way that an adjective or prepositional phrase does.The noun it modifies is called an antecedent.Attributive Clause:Relatives&FunctionsThe attributive clauses are usually introduced by relatives like which
2、,that,who,whom，as and whose,or relative adverbs like where,why and when.In the attributive clauses the relative words usually function as the:subject,object,predicative,attribute,adverbial As subject The boy is Tom.The boy is smiling.The boy who is smiling is Tom.As object The woman got the job.We s
3、aw her in the street.The woman(whom)we saw in the street got the job.As predicativeJack used to be a lazy boy.He is no longer a lazy boy.Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.As attribute She has a house.The houses windows face the sea.She has a house whose windows face the sea.As adverb
4、ial The factory is in Shenzhen.He worked in the factory.The factory where he worked is in Shenzhen.关系代词关系代词 that,which,who,whom,as 和和whose的用法的用法 关系代词关系代词who指人，作主语或宾语指人，作主语或宾语（作宾语常可省略）；（作宾语常可省略）；whom指人，指人，作宾语；作宾语；whose指人，作定语；指人，作定语；which指物，作主语，宾语指物，作主语，宾语;that指人或物，指人或物，作主语、宾语、表语；作主语、宾语、表语；as指人或物，指人或物
5、，作主语，宾语，表语作主语，宾语，表语PracticePractice1.The man _stands there is Tom.2.The girl _I met is Ms Li.3.The boy _watch was lost is Tom.4.The book _lies on the desk is his.5.The pen _you bought is good.6.The magazine _cover is red is 7.nice.who/that(whom/that)whosewhich/that(which/that)whose1:先行词是先行词是everythi
6、ng,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等等不定代词或不定代词或 由不定代词由不定代词any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all等等修饰时修饰时,引导定语从句用引导定语从句用that不用不用 which。2：先行词被形容词先行词被形容词最高级最高级或或序数词序数词修饰且指物时修饰且指物时,引导定语从句用引导定语从句用that。3:先行词中先行词中既既有人又有事物有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用时，引导定语从句用 that。4:先行词被先行词被the very,the only等修饰且指物时等修饰且指物时,引导定引
7、导定 语从句用语从句用that。5：当先行词前面当先行词前面有有who/which等疑问代词等疑问代词时，只用时，只用 that。1.指物，介词后。指物，介词后。2.用于非限制定语从句中用于非限制定语从句中只使用只使用that应应遵循的规则遵循的规则只使用只使用which应应遵循的规则遵循的规则Practice1.This is the best film _Ive seen.2.That is the last lesson _I gave you.3.This is the very book _Im after.4.That is just the coat _color is red.
8、5.That is the right place _he works.6.I still remember the schools and boys _I met there.(that)(that)(that)whosewhere(that)7.Everything _you said is true.8.Which is the book _you want?9.Who is the girl _sits there.10.All _he said is true.11.All _is said by him is true.12.Are there any problems _trou
9、ble you?(that)(that)that(that)that thatas作为关系代词还可用于作为关系代词还可用于the sameas和和suchas等结构中。如：等结构中。如：Ive never heard such stories as he tells.我从未听过他讲的故事。我从未听过他讲的故事。This is the same dictionary as I lost.这本字典跟我丢失的一样。这本字典跟我丢失的一样。Attention1.Such boys _you mentioned are well.2.It is so difficult a problem _no on
10、e can work out.3.It is so difficult a problem_no one can work it out.4.She bought the same hat _you wore yesterday.5._ is known to all,he is the best student.Practiceas asthatasAs模拟训练模拟训练：1.He is such a lazy man_ nobody wants to work with_.（04 模拟训练）模拟训练）A.as;him B.that;/C.as;/D.whom;him2.Mrs.Black t
11、ook the police back to_ place _ she witnessed the robbery.A.the same;as B.the same;where C.the same;that D.as the same;as（05 模拟训练）模拟训练）关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在 限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性 定语从句中，当定语从句中，当介词前置时介词前置时，只能，只能 用用 whom 指人，指人，which 指物指物；但如；但如 果果介词后置介词后置，则不受这种限制，关，则不受这种限制，关 系代词还可以省去，特
12、别是在口语系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语 中。如：中。如：温馨提示：温馨提示：介词介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句1.Do you know the boy to whom she was talking?2.Do you know the boy(that)she was talking to?3.The pencil(which/that)he was writing with suddenly broke.3.介词的选用原则介词的选用原则1)根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭 2)配来决定。如：配来决定。如：This is the book o
13、n which I spent 8 yuan.This is the book for which I paid 8 yuan.spend money on sth.为固定搭配为固定搭配pay money for sth.为固定搭配为固定搭配2)根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。如：如：I remember the day on which I joined the League.I remember the days during which I lived here.I remember the month in which I stayed there.强调在具体某
14、一天要用介词强调在具体某一天要用介词on强调在某几天时间内要用介词强调在某几天时间内要用介词during在在month前介词要用前介词要用in3)根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?4)根据从句中形容词的习惯搭配根据从句中形容词的习惯搭配。Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im not sure？4.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介 词仍
15、放在短语动词的后面。词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：如：look for,look after,take care of 等。如：等。如：This is the watch(which/that)I am looking for.这是我正在找的手表。这是我正在找的手表。This is the watch for which I am looking.正正误误The babies(whom/who/that)the nurse is looking after are very healthy.那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。The babies after whom
16、 the nurse is looking are very healthy.正正误误5.以以the way为先行词的限制性定语从为先行词的限制性定语从 句通常由句通常由in which或或that引导，且引导，且 通常可以省略通常可以省略,但如但如the way 在定语从句在定语从句中作宾语等，则用中作宾语等，则用that,which 引导或省略。引导或省略。1.The way(that/in which)he answered the questions was surprising.2.I dont like the way(that/in which/-)you laugh at he
17、r.3.The way(that/which)he explained to us was quite easy.填上合适的关系词并分析原因填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1.The way _he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.2.The way _he explained to us was quite simple.that/which/不填不填that/in which/不填不填缺状语缺状语缺宾语缺宾语3.What surprised me was not what he said but _ he
18、 said it.（04湖北）湖北）A.the way B.in the way that C.in the way D.the way which高考题链接：高考题链接：The attributive clause introduced by when,where and why.定语从句中定语从句中关系副词关系副词的使用的使用1.定语从句中关系副词有：定语从句中关系副词有：when,where,why 2.关系副词在定语从句中所作的成份关系副词在定语从句中所作的成份：关系副词在定语从句中都作状语。关系副词在定语从句中都作状语。when 作时间状语；作时间状语；where 作地点状作地点状
19、语；语；why 作原因状语。如：作原因状语。如：He remember the day when his father died.I went back to the place where I was born and grew up.Please give me the reason why you were late this time.when 作时间状语，意为作时间状语，意为 on the daywhere 作地点状语，意为作地点状语，意为in the placewhy作原因状语，意为作原因状语，意为for the reason 3.并非先行词是表示时间、地点和原因并非先行词是表示时
20、间、地点和原因的词时都用的词时都用when,where,why，若先，若先行词在定语从句中不作状语，而是作行词在定语从句中不作状语，而是作主语或宾语，就必须用主语或宾语，就必须用which或或that。如：如：We often think of the days which we spent together in the countryside.which在定语从句中作宾语在定语从句中作宾语比较比较:We often think of the days when we worked together in the countryside.when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当在定语从句中作时间
21、状语，相当于于 on the days。We believe the reason that he told us.比较比较:The reason why/for which he was absent yesterday is still unknown.4.关系副词关系副词when,where和和why也可用也可用“介词介词+which”来代替，要注意其先行来代替，要注意其先行词（名词）与介词的合理搭配，介词词（名词）与介词的合理搭配，介词根据先行词或定语从句的谓语动词来根据先行词或定语从句的谓语动词来确定。确定。when 相当于相当于“at/in/during+which”where 相
22、当于相当于“in/at/on+which”why 相当于相当于“for+which”如：如：Is this the day when/on which I visited the museum?Please put the letter on the desk where/on which he can easily find it.This is the reason why/for which he didnt come to the meeting.1.The pen(_ she wrote that book)can now be seen in a museum.2.Kunming
23、is a beautiful place (_)flowers are seen all the year round.3.Yesterday we went to visit the house (_)the great writer used to live.with whichwhere/in whichwhere/in which4.I will never forgot the day(_)I first met you on the ship.5.The film(_I fell asleep)was very boring.结论：只有当结论：只有当“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”充
24、当充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。才能用关系副词代替。on which/whenduring which他将永远记住他入团的那天。他将永远记住他入团的那天。1.He will forever remember the day 2.that/which he joined the League on.2.He will forever remember the day on which he joined the League.3.He will forever remember the day when he joined the Lea
25、gue.考例考例1 American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently.(上海上海2004)A.who B.as B.C.about which D.with whom 点拨点拨 该句先行词是该句先行词是someone，talk about意为意为“谈论、谈到谈论、谈到”；talk with意为意为“和和谈话谈话”，根据句意，应，根据句意，应为为talk with someone，故选，故选D。考例考例2 Many people who had seen the film
26、 were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger.(广东广东2005)A.in which B.by whichC.which D.that点拨点拨 句意：很多看过这部电影的人，句意：很多看过这部电影的人，当回想起人被老虎吃掉的情景时，就不当回想起人被老虎吃掉的情景时，就不敢去森林了。分析句意可知，敢去森林了。分析句意可知，“人被老人被老虎吃掉的情景虎吃掉的情景”出现在电影画面里，即出现在电影画面里，即in the scenes,故选故选A。考例考例
27、3 Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose.(重庆重庆2007)A.with which B.to whichB.C.of which D.for which点拨点拨 句意：人与动物面部表情的区别句意：人与动物面部表情的区别在于有意控制的程度。该句先行词是在于有意控制的程度。该句先行词是the degree，degree前面的介词一般用前面的介词一般用to，意为，意为“到到程度程度”，所以此处应选，所以此处应选B。考例考例4 S
28、ome pre-school children go to a day care center,_ they learn simple games and songs.(2007全国卷全国卷I)A.then B.there C.while D.where 点拨点拨 这是一个定语从句，先行词是这是一个定语从句，先行词是a day care center，表示地点，故选，表示地点，故选where。考例考例5 The village has developed a lot _ we learned farming two years ago.(福建福建2007)A.when B.whichB.C.t
29、hat D.where点拨点拨 该句先行词是该句先行词是The village，定语，定语从句和先行词被谓语从句和先行词被谓语has developed a lot隔开，从句中缺地点状语，故选隔开，从句中缺地点状语，故选where。1.I still remember the day _2.I came here.2.I still remember the day _ I came here.3.I still remember the day _ we spent together.on whichwhen(which/that)Finish the following exercises
30、.1.This is the reason _ he was late.2.This is the reason _ he explained to me.3.This is the reason_ can explain his being late.why/for whichwhich/thatwhich/that1.I went to the place _ we 2.worked ten years ago.2.I went to the place _ we worked ten years ago.3.I went to the place _ we visited ten yea
31、rs ago.in whichwhere(which/that)1.Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.2.The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是 表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。难点解析：一些特
32、殊词后的难点解析：一些特殊词后的where解析：解析：如果定语从句分别修饰如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,part,condition和和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引引导，意思是导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。1.We are trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk.（06山东）山东）A.which B.that C.where D.when2.-Do you have anything to say
33、 for yourself?-Yes,theres one point _ we must insist on.（06江西）江西）A.why B.where C.how D./高考题链接：高考题链接：做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择恰当的做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择恰当的关系词。关系词。限定性限定性 restrictive定语从句与非限定性定语从句与非限定性nonrestrictive定语从句定语从句限定性定语从句是句中不限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间和从句之间不用逗号不用逗号隔开隔开非限定性定语从句是对非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明
34、，主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整句意思完整.一般一般用逗号用逗号把主句和从句分开把主句和从句分开引导词：关系代词和关系引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作副词，作宾语宾语时一些关系时一些关系代词代词可以省略可以省略引导词：引导词：who,whom,whose,which,of which,when,where等，等，不用不用that,不能省略不能省略The watch that I bought yesterday works well.Shakespeare,whose plays are very popular,was a great writer.H
35、is son who is a doctor is now visiting the USA.His son,who is a doctor,is now visiting the USA.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句：在非限制性定语从句中介词前还可以有在非限制性定语从句中介词前还可以有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。等代词或者数词。如：如：He loves his parents deeply,both of whom are very kind to him.他深深地爱着
36、他的父母，他们俩待他他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他 都很好。都很好。In the basket there are quite many apples,some of which(=of which some)have gone bad.篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。There are forty students in our class in all,most of whom(=of whom most)are from big cities.我们班总共有我们班总共有40个学生，大多数来自大个学生，大多数来自大 城市。城市。非限制性定语从句和单句的比较非
37、限制性定语从句和单句的比较2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.3.He failed in the exam,_made his parents angry.4.He has two sons.Both of _ are teachers.5.He has two sons,both of _ are teachers.6.He has two sons,and both of _ are teachers.Thiswhichwhomthem1.I am reading Harry Porter,_is an interesting
38、 book.whichthemExercises:1.All_ is useful to us is good.A.which B.what C.that D.whether2.Is this factory_the foreign visitors visited last week?A.where B.that C.which D.the one3.She will never forget the days_she spent in Beijing.A.when B.what C.which D.whyC D C4.This is the school_my father worked
39、thirty years ago.A.that B.when C.which D.where5.The text is one of the most interesting stories_learned in the past three years.A.that have B.that have been C.which has D.which has been6.The college wont take on anyone_eyesight is weak.A.who B.whose C.of whom D.which D BB7.Let me think of proper sit
40、uation_this sentence can be used.A.where B.that C.which D.of which8.The man_you are talking is in the next room.A.to whom B.about whom C.who D.whom9.This is the factory_he used to work at,many workers of_still have a good relationship with him.A.that;it B.which;whom C.that;which D.which;that A B C10
41、.Here is the bicycle_in the shop.A.that you saw it B.that saw it C.you saw D.you saw it11.Those_to take part in the game write down your names,please.A.who B.who want C.that wants D want12.I,_your good friend,will try my best to help you out.A.who is B.what is C.what am D.who am C BD13.His walking-s
42、ick,_he cant walk,was lost yesterday.A.that B.with which C.which D.without which14.There are three libraries in our school,_were built five years ago.A.all of them B.either of them C.all of which D.both of that15.The reason_he cant come is that he has to work late.A.because B.that C.why D.forDC C16.
43、He is not the man_he used to be.A.what B.that C.which D.as17.This is the only thing_I can do now.A.what B.which C.that D.all18.I dont like the way_he spoke to me.A.by that B.what C.by which D./BCD Our class is a big family;It consists of 12 girls and 50 boys.Most of them are mainly from the countrys
44、ide.Zhao Qiang is a kind-hearted boy.He is always ready to help others.He is such a good boy that we all like him.Our class is a big family which consists of 12 girls and 50 boys,most of whom are mainly from the countryside.Zhao Qiang is a kind-hearted boy,who is always ready to help others.He is su
45、ch a good boy as we all like.定语从句的运用定语从句的运用Work in grougs Introduce your school,your family Introduce your school,your family or your classor your class注意：注意：要使用定语从句要使用定语从句.1.By nine oclock,all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma,_ appeared a rare rainbow soon.（2008福建）福
46、建）A.of which B.on which C.from which D.above which.解析：原句应该是这样的：A rare rainbow soon appeared _.这里显然应该填上“above Mount Qomolangma”。我们可以将它改写为above which并用来连接这两个句子2.The man pulled out a gold watch,_ were made of small diamonds.(2008陕西卷陕西卷)A.the hands of whomB.whom the hands ofC.which the hands of D.the ha
47、nds of which 解析：“表的指针”是用钻石造的。这里涉及到了所有关系。在定语从句中，对于事物的所有关系我们可以使用whose+名词，the+名词+of which 或of which the+名词这三种形式。D项符合 the+名词+of which 结构，所以是正确的。3.Ill give you my friends home address,_ I can be reached most evenings.（08北京卷）A.which B.when C.whom D.where4.All the neighbor admire this family,_the parents a
48、re treating their child like a friend.（2008安徽卷）A.why B.where C.which D.that 这两道题非常相似。两句的先行词分别为address和family，后面的从句缺少地点状语，所以要用in which 或where作为关系词连接。第3题稍微有些难度。首先，有些同学没有理解这句话的意思，“我会给你我朋友的家庭住址。在这个地址，大部分的晚上你都可以找到我”。后面的句子如果改写为“you can reach me most evenings”则更容易理解。5.Those successful deaf dancers think th
49、at dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing.2007 天津卷A.when B.whose C.which D.where6.We shouldnt spent our money testing so many people,most of _are healthy2007 北京卷A.that B.which C.what D.whom7.By serving others,a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself,_ can be very e
50、ye-opening and rewarding.2007 湖南卷 A.who B.which C.what D.that 9.Chans restaurant on Baker Street,_ used to be poorly run,is now a successful business.2007 浙江卷 A.that B.which C.who D.where 8.The thought of going back home was kept him happy while he was working abroad2007 上海春AthatBall thatCall whatDw