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1、 现在完成时的基本结构have/has+动词动词过去分词过去分词 （hashas用于第三人称单数）用于第三人称单数）第1页/共62页过去分词的变化：(1)规则变化构成规则构成规则原原形形过过 去去 式式过去分词过去分词 一般在动词原形末尾 加-ed-edworkplayworkedplayedworkedplayed 结尾是e的动词加-d-dhopelivehopedlivedhopedlived 末尾只有一个辅音字 母的重读闭音节词，先 双写这个辅音字母，再 加-ed-edstoptripstoppedtrippedstoppedtripped 结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先变“y y”为
2、“i i”再加-ed-edstudyworrystudiedworriedstudiedworried第2页/共62页不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律巧记规律AAA:put put put letlet letABA:becomebecamebecomeABB:standstoodstoodABC:eat ateeaten第3页/共62页AAAcost-cost-cost read-read-readput-put-put cut-cut-cutlet-let-let set-set-sethit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt原形、过去式和过
3、去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。特殊：特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是ri:d-red-red。第4页/共62页有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:run-ran-runcome-came-comebecome-became-becomeovercome-overcame-overcomeABA第5页/共62页原型原型过去式过去式过去分词过去分词例词例词-eep-ept-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-d-t-tlend,spend,send,build-ay
4、-aid-aidsay,pay,lay-n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean-ee-e-e-meet,feed-ought-oughtbring,buy,fight,think-aught-aughtcatch,teachABB(含规则动词)第6页/共62页1.另有一些其它形式的变化。have(has)-had-hadleave-left-leftlose-lost-lostmake-made-madefeel-felt-feltspell-spelt-speltstand-stood-stood2.改变单词中间元音字母。sit-sat-sat(babysit)win-won-wons
5、hine-shone-shonehold-held-heldfind-found-foundhear-heard-heardhang-hung(hanged)-hung(hanged)ABB(含规则动词)第7页/共62页ABC原型原型过去式过去式过去分过去分词词例词例词-eak-oke-okenbreak,speak-eal-ole-olensteal-ear-ore-ornwear,bear,tear-ow（aw）-ew-owngrow,blow,know,throw,draw-i-a-u-sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin-i-o-ndrive,rise,rid
6、e,write第8页/共62页ABC有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。take-took-takengive-gave-givenfall-fell-falleneat-ate-eatenwrite-wrote-writtenspeak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-frozenride-rode-riddenget-got-gotten(got)forget-forgot-forgotten(forgot)特殊：am/is-was-beenare-were-been,do(does)-did-donego-went-gonesee-saw-s
7、eenshow-showed-shown(showed)lie-lay(lied)-lain(lied)第9页/共62页I.写出下列动词的过去分词形式写出下列动词的过去分词形式.1.wake_2.teach_3.sell_4.see_5.ride_6.pay_7.choose_8.throw_9.think_10.eat_11.drive_12.catch_13.bring_14.break_15.give_16.get_17.know_18.open_19.write_20.forget_woken taughtsold seenridden paid chosen thrownthough
8、t eaten driven caught brought brokengiven gotgotten known openedwritten forgotten第10页/共62页第一人称第二人称第三人称肯定句(主语主语 +助动词助动词have/has+动词的词的过去分词过去分词。)Ihavewrittenanarticle.Wehavewrittenanarticle.Youhavewrittenanarticle.Youhavewrittenanarticle.He/She/Ithaswrittenanarticle.Theyhavewrittenanarticle.否定句(主语主语 +助
9、动词助动词have/has+not+have/has+not+动词的过去分词。动词的过去分词。)Ihaventwrittenanarticle.Wehaventwrittenanarticle.Youhaventwrittenanarticle.Youhaventwrittenanarticle.He/She/Ithasntwrittenanarticle.Theyhaventwrittenanarticle.一般疑问句(助动词助动词Have/Has+Have/Has+主语主语 +动词的过去动词的过去分词分词?)?)Haveyouwrittenanarticle?Haveyouwrittena
10、narticle?Haveyouwrittenanarticle?Haveyouwrittenanarticle?Hashe/she/itwrittenanarticle?Havetheywrittenanarticle?特殊疑问句(特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+have/has+have/has+主语主语+动动词的过去分词？词的过去分词？)Whathaveyoudone?Whathaveyoudone?Whathaveyoudone?Whathaveyoudone?Whathashe/she/itdone?Whathavetheydone?现在完成时的基本句型：第11页/共62页（改为否定句和一般疑
11、问句并肯否回答)I have seen him since his wedding day.Ihaventseenhimsincehisweddingday.Haveyouseenhimsincehisweddingday?Yes,I have./No,I havent.第12页/共62页He has written to me since I have been ill.(改否定句和一般疑问句)Hashewrittentoyousinceyouhavebeenill?He hasnt written to me since I have been illYes,he has.No,he ha
12、snt.第13页/共62页 现在完成时的基本用法 (一)表示在说话之前就已经完成的动作或存在的状态。它强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系。常用的时间状语有already/yet/ever/never/just/before等.-Itssodark.-Someonehasturnedoffthelightalready.(有人刚把灯关了有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑现在很黑)-Areyoufree?-Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Iamfree.(我已经完成了家庭作业我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空对现在造成的结果是很有空
13、)第14页/共62页现在完成时中时间状语的用法区别1.already在现在完成时中的用法 肯定句:句中(助后实前)/句末“己经”一般疑问句:句末(表示惊讶的语气)“难道”Ivealreadyhadbreakfast.=Ivehadbreakfastalready.(表示强调)Haveyouhadbreakfastalready?第15页/共62页注:有already的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词.Shehasalreadybeenlate.（现在完成时）Shewasalreadylate.（一般过去时）第16页/共62页2.yet在现在完成时中的用法 否
14、定句:句末“还(没)”疑问句:句末“己经”Ihaventhadbreakfastyet.Have you had breakfastyet?第17页/共62页注:带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,already要变成yet放在句末。I have already done my homework.否定句否定句:一般疑问句一般疑问句:I havent done my homework yet.Have you done your homework yet?第18页/共62页3.ever在现在完成时中的用法 肯定句/疑问句:句中“曾经”IveeverbeentoBeijing.Havey
15、oueverbeentoBeijing?第19页/共62页4.never在现在完成时中的用法否定句否定句:句中句中“从来没有从来没有”Ive never been to Beijing.第20页/共62页注:带ever的肯定句变否定句时,要将ever变成never;带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No,never.”He has ever made dumplings.否定句否定句:一般疑：一般疑：Have they ever travelled by train?No,never.He has never made dumplings.第21页/共62页5.just在现在完成时中的用
16、法用于用于句中句中,表示表示“刚刚刚刚”Ive just had breakfast.What have they just done?第22页/共62页6.before在现在完成时中的用法用于用于句末句末,表示表示“以前以前”Ive seen it before.Has she ridden a bike before?第23页/共62页(二)表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到现在,有可能继续下去的动作或状态.通常和for或since引导的时间状语连用。现在完成时的基本用法IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已我已经学了经学了10多年的英语。多年的英语。
17、(从从10年前开始年前开始,持续到现在还在学持续到现在还在学)Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago.我已经游泳我已经游泳了半个小时了半个小时(半个小时前已经开始游泳半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游到现在还在游)第24页/共62页1.for+Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.HesstudiedEnglishfor3years.时间段时间段第25页/共62页2.since+从句(一般过去时)词组(表示过去某一时间的)时间点时间点Ihavebeenheresince2000.Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.Ihavebeenheresin
18、ceIgraduatedin2000.第26页/共62页since:(自自以来以来)1)since+时间点时间点Hehasstayedheresince5oclock.2)since+时间段时间段+agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago.3)since+从句从句ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.for:(长达）达）for+时间段时间段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.since,for的用法的用法:第27页/共62页6.She has known Sam_ nine years.(for,never,since)7
19、.They have_arrived.(ever,just,yet)8.Have you_ ridden a horse?(ever,for,yet)9.She has known Fred_ they were at primary school.(already,just,since)10.We have not completed the project_.(already,for,yet)forjusteversinceyet第28页/共62页注1):对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用howlong,决不能用when.I have lived here for 10 year
20、s.How long have you lived here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago.How long has she stood here?第29页/共62页注2):短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用.(误)Ihavelefttherefor5years.(正)Ihavebeenawaytherefor5years.第30页/共62页选用选用 for和和 since填空填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party
21、_ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6.Its five years _ we met last time.forsinceforsinceforsince第31页/共62页瞬间动词与延续性动词第32页/共62页瞬间动词与时间段的关系瞬间动词与时间段的关系 瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但在但在肯定句、疑问句中不能
22、与时间肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段的状语连段的状语连用用，常见的瞬间动词有：常见的瞬间动词有：go/come/arrive/leave/begin/borrow/buy/die/fall/stop/start/kill/close/graduate/join/finish/lose等。等。TheyhaveleftShanghai.Youcanborrowthebookfor2weeks.(X)若瞬间动词要接表示一段时间的状语,我们可用相应的延续性动词 来代替瞬间动词。Youcankeepthebookfor2weeks.第33页/共62页 但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以但在否定句中，短暂性动词可
23、以与时间段连用。与时间段连用。E.g.：Ihaventboughtthebikeforayear.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。我买这辆自行车还不到一年。Shehasntcomehereforanhour.她来这儿还没有一个小时。她来这儿还没有一个小时。第34页/共62页瞬间动词与延续动词间的转换第35页/共62页5.短暂动词和短暂动词和延续动词转换延续动词转换瞬间性动词瞬间性动词延续性动词延续性动词buyborrowcomego/leaveopen/closebegin/startend/finishdiecatch a coldbecome interested inget marriedha
24、vehavekeepkeepbe herebe herebe away(from)be away(from)be open/be closedbe open/be closedbe onbe onbe overbe overbe deadbe deadhave a coldhave a coldbe interested inbe interested inbe marriedbe married第36页/共62页瞬间性动词瞬间性动词延续性动词延续性动词put onget upwake upfall asleepjoinarrive/reachwearbe upbe upbebe a awak
25、ewakebe asleepbe asleepbe in=be a member ofbe in=be a member ofbe in/atbe in/at第37页/共62页练习判断：他到达车站半个小时了He has arrived at the station for half an hour()He has been at the station for half an hour.He arrived at the station half an hour agoHe _the club since two years ago.A.Joined B.has joined C.has be
26、en in翻译：这个电影已经放映十五分钟了翻译：这个电影已经放映十五分钟了-The film has been on for fifteen minutes.XC第38页/共62页改改 错错1.How long have you begun to study English?2.I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3.The river has become very dirty since last August.4.Our manager is away today.He has been to Guangzhou on business.5.H
27、e has gone out for two years.studiedkeptbeengonebeen第39页/共62页have/hasbeentohave/hasgonetohave/hasbeenin的用法区别的用法区别havebeento意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。常与just、ever、never连用。TheyhavebeentoBeijing.(去过北京，现在人在衡阳)havegoneto意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。TheyhavegonetoBeijing.(现在在北京或去北京的途中)havebeenin意思是
28、“呆在某处一段时间了”常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。TheyhavebeeninBeijingfortwoyears.(在北京呆了两年)第40页/共62页用have/has been to和have/has gone to填空1.Hi，Lucy，you ever Beijing？No，I .2.What about your sister，Lucy？Oh，she Chengdu，she will come back next week.Ok，thanks.Youre welcome.have been to haventhas gone to第41页/共62页用Have been to,ha
29、ve gone to,have been in 填空1.Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.2.Mum is not at home now.she _ the shop.3._ you ever _ to kunming?Never.4.Where _ you _ these days?5.Has Jim arrived yet?Yes,he _ here for several days.6.Where is Peter?I dont know where he _.7.Hi Jim!Where _ you _?Li Lei i
30、s looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been第42页/共62页现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时间是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时间状语连用。状语连用。一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，可以和表示过去的态，和现
31、在不发生关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。时间状语连用。第43页/共62页HehaslivedinBeijingsince1999.自自19991999年以来他一直住在北京。年以来他一直住在北京。（说明他现在仍然在北京。）（说明他现在仍然在北京。）HelivedinBejingin1999.在在19991999年的时候他在北京住过。年的时候他在北京住过。（现在是否住在北京不知道）（现在是否住在北京不知道）第44页/共62页Itis+一段时间+since+句子(一般过去时)=一段时间+haspassed+since+句子(一般过去时)Eg.ItisfiveyearssinceIjoinedth
32、earmy.=FiveyearshaspassedsinceIjoinedthearmy.第45页/共62页eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary.他已经买了一本英汉字典。他已经买了一本英汉字典。He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.他曾买过一本英汉字典。他曾买过一本英汉字典。第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.And bought an English-Chinese dic
33、tionary.And he still has ithe still has it”“过去他买了一本英汉字典，过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典现在他还有这本字典”。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强 调调说明。说明。第46页/共62页 当有一个表示当有一个表示过去某一特定时间过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时一般过去时:eg:I saw the film on television yesterday.
34、但但since(since(自自以以来来)+)+某某一一过过去去时时间间或或叙叙述述过过去去事事情情的的从从句句总总是是与与现现在在完完成成时时连用。连用。eg：They have known each other since 1950.Since he was a child,he has lived in England.第47页/共62页 常与一般过去时连用的典型常与一般过去时连用的典型的表示过去时间的状语的表示过去时间的状语:yesterday(yesterday(昨天昨天),),the day before yesterday(the day before yesterday(前天前
35、天),),just now(just now(刚才刚才)，时间时间+ago,+ago,last+last+时间时间 等等;eg:The plane took off ten minutes ago.We finished our task last week.第48页/共62页用动词的适当形式填空（注意时态）1.-_ you _your pen?(mend)-Yes,I _.-When_ you _ it?-I _ it yesterday.2.-How do you like the film?-I _(not see)such a moving film before.3.Millies
36、sister _(join)the club last week.So she _(be)in the club for nearly one week.Havemendedhavedidmendmendedhaventseenjoinedhasbeen第49页/共62页4.My father_(give)up _(smoke).He doesnt _(smoke)now.5.The Green family_(not come)back yet from the cinema.They_(go)to see a film one hour ago.6.You_(not visit)your
37、son for a long time.hasgivensmokingsmokehaventcomewenthaventvisited第50页/共62页Translation1.1.他昨天去北京了。他昨天去北京了。2.2.他去北京两天了。他去北京两天了。He went to Beijing yesterday.（现在是否住在北京不知道）（现在是否住在北京不知道）He has been in Beijing for two days.（说明他现在仍然在北京。）（说明他现在仍然在北京。）第51页/共62页Practice第52页/共62页单项选择单项选择1.He_working.A.havejus
38、tstartedB.hasjuststartC.hasjuststarsD.hasjuststarted2._you_yoursuitcaseyet?A.Do,packB.Did,packC.Have,packD.Have,packed3.I_myroomalready.A.havetidiedB.hadtidiedC.havetidiedD.willtidy4.There_severalmeetingsduringthepastfewdays.A.havebeenB.hasbeenC.willbeD.are第53页/共62页5.I_myplaneticket,butIcantfindit.A
39、.willbuyB.wouldbuyC.haveboughtD.havebuyed6.-WhathasDenisdone?-He_overavase.A.hasknockedB.hadknockedC.knockedD.isknocking7.Everythingisallright;nothing_.A.ishappenedB.washappenedC.willbehappenedD.hashappened8.Theycantbuyacomputerbecausethey_alltheirmoney.A.arespendingB.havespentC.spendD.willspend第54页
40、/共62页1.去年我去了苏州。We went to Suzhou last year.2.我每天早上7：00起床。I get up at 7:00 every day.3.下个星期我要去看望我的老师。I am going to visit my teacher next week.4.看！那边有个女孩在哭。Look!The girl is crying over there.5.汤姆去过北京2次了。Tom has been to Beijing twice.6.他住在那儿已经有十年了。He has lived there for ten year.第55页/共62页练习l自从我来到这正好两天I
41、t is just two days since I came hereTwo days has passed since I came here lIt_ (be)ten years since I _(finish)middle school.ishas been finished第56页/共62页动动 词词 填填 空：空：1._ you _(clean)the room?Yes,we _(do)that already.When _ you _(do)it?We _(do)it an hour ago.2._ he _(see)this film yet?Yes.When _ he _(
42、see)it?He _ it last week.3.How many times _you_(be)there?Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen第57页/共62页4.I _(read)the novel twice.Its interesting.5.She _(go)to Pairs,hasnt she?Yes.How _ she _(go)there?She _(go)there by air.6.So far,many countries _(develop)their software programs.7.Mr
43、 Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking since last year.have readhas gonedidgowenthave developedgavehas given第58页/共62页1.Thehouseisdirty.We_itforweeks.AdidntcleanBhadntcleanedCdontcleanDhaventcleaned2.-_thesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.-Yes,italldependsontheweather.AIvebeentoldBIve
44、toldCImtoldDItold3.-Imsorrytokeepyouwaiting.-Oh,notatall.I_hereonlyafewminutes.AhavebeenBhadbeenCwasDwillbe4.Youdontneedtodescribeher.I_herseveraltimes.A.hadmetBhavemetCmetDmeet5.-WillyougotoBeijingforvacation?-I_togo,butIdontknowifIcango.AwasplanningBhaveplannedChadbeenplanningDhavebeenplanning第59页
45、/共62页6.-Whenwilltheyleave?-They_verysoon.AdoleaveBareleavingChaveleftDleave7-Washestudyingforanexam?-Yes,hes_itlastweek.AdoingBtotakeCmakingDtogive8.Theteachertoldthepupilsthattheearth_round.AisBwouldCwasDwere9.She_suchaninterestingbookbefore.AwasneverreadingBwillneverreadChadneverreadDhasneverread10.Howlongdoyouthinkthemeeting_AislastingBislastedCwilllastDlasts第60页/共62页Thank You!第61页/共62页谢谢您的观看！第62页/共62页