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1、in operation 生效；运转着 normal operation 正常运行，常规操作 safe operation 安全操作 operationn.1.外科手术 2.操作，作业 3.经营，管理；营业；企业In fact,you can create a successful plan for your business in just one day.实际上，你在一天之内就可以制作一个成功的事业战略计划。第1页/共36页successful n.成功的，一帆风顺的be successful in 在成功的success n.成功succeed v.成功succession n.连续；继
2、位；继承权successor n.继承者Nor does he have an obvious successor as leader.目前也没有明显的继任者可以接替他的职务。第2页/共36页following adj.下面的；其次的，接着的n.下列事物；一批追随者v.跟随；沿行（follow的ing形式）prep.在之后，接着in the following 在下面；在下文中 immediately following 紧跟着 following system 跟踪系统 following in order 按照顺序第3页/共36页patientadj.1.忍耐的；容忍的 2.坚忍的；耐心的
3、 3.沉着的；不急躁的 4.耐心等待的；显出有耐心的 5.勤快的；孜孜不倦的n.1.病人；患者 2.受动着；承受者What is best gift a doctor can give to his patient?一个医生能给他病人的最好礼物是什么？第4页/共36页be patient of 能忍受 be patient with 对有耐心 patient care 病患照顾 patient safety 病人安全 mental patient 精神病人As a nurse,you ought to be very patient with your patients.作为一名护士，你应该对
4、病人十分耐心。第5页/共36页alonealoneadj.1.孤零的，孤单的 2.单独的；孤独的adv.1.孤零地，孤单地，孤独地 2.单独地 3.独自地；孤立无援地 4.只，只有；仅仅let alone 更不必说；听任；不打扰 stand alone 孤立；独一无二 alone with 与一起 第6页/共36页exchangevt.1.换，更换，调换，掉换：Most store will allow the customers to exchange their goods.大多数商店将允许顾客更换商品。2.换回，换来，换取3.把换成；用交换；兑换(for)exchange A for B
5、 用A换BId like to exchange this dress for one in a smaller size.我想把这件衣服换一件小点尺寸的。4.交换，互换，轮换(with)：exchange with sb和某人交换第7页/共36页inquirevt.问，打听，询问vi.1.问，打听，询问 2.调查，查问(常与into连用)inquire into 调查，探究 inquire about 询问，查问；打听 inquire of 询问；打听 inquire for 求见；要找 inquire after 问候；询问起第8页/共36页Id like to inquire about
6、 the job for sales manager.我想询问一下销售经理这个职位的情况。Its the secretarys job to inquire about the flights for the manager.为经理查询有关航班的 情况是秘书的职责。第9页/共36页certaincertainadj.1.确凿的，毫无疑问的 2.确定的；固定的 3.必定的，必然的 4.可靠的，可信赖 的pron.某些；某几个a certain extent 一定程度上 a certain degree 到某种程度 for certain 肯定地；确凿地 certain level 某一水平 第1
7、0页/共36页relative relative adj.1.相互有关的；休戚与共的2.与有关的；相关的3.比较而言的4.相对的Even its successes are only relative.即使成功也只是相对的。It is a gift for my relative in my hometown.这是我送给家乡一位亲戚的礼物。第11页/共36页第12页/共36页1、人称的转变、人称的转变 1）直接引语中的第一人称一般转换为第三人称）直接引语中的第一人称一般转换为第三人称如：He said，“I am very sorry.”He said that he was very sor
8、ry.2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称人说的，转换为第一人称如：“You should be more careful next time,”my father told me.My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.第13页/共36页3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如：She said to her son,“Ill check
9、your homework tonight.”She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，词性物主代词等，如：He asked me,“Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?”第14页/共36页 He asked me whether I would go to the station with him t
10、o meet a friend of his that afternoon.总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。体对待，要符合逻辑。2 2、时态的转换、时态的转换 直接引语改为间接引语时，直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下：下：第15页/共36
11、页 直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语 一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时 一般过去时一般过去时 过去完成时过去完成时 现在进行时现在进行时 过去进行时过去进行时 现在完成时现在完成时 过去完成时过去完成时 过去完成时过去完成时 过去完成时过去完成时 过去进行时过去进行时 过去进行时过去进行时 一般将来时一般将来时 过去将来时过去将来时 第16页/共36页3、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况须改变的情况 1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如：如：He always says,“I am tire
12、d out.”He always says that he is tired out.2）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如：如：He will say,“Ill try my best to help you.”He will say that he will try his best to help me.3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时第17页/共36页如：如：He said,“I went to college in 1994.”He told us that he went to college in
13、 1994.4）当直接引语中有以）当直接引语中有以when,while引导的从句，表引导的从句，表示过去的时间时示过去的时间时，如：He said，“When I was a child,I usually played football after school.”He said that when he was a child,he usually played football after school.5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，第18页/共36页如：Our teacher said to us,“Light travels faster
14、than sound.”Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.6）当引语是谚语、格言时，）当引语是谚语、格言时，如：He said，“Practice makes perfect.”He said that practice makes perfect.7）当直接引语中有情态动词）当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,had better,would rather,might,must,ought to,used to,need时时 第19页/共36页如：She asked,“Must I tak
15、e the medicine?”She asked if she had to take the medicine.注注：此处用：此处用had to代替代替must更好更好 8）此外转述中）此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，转述，here不必改为不必改为there,动词动词come不必改为不必改为go，如，如果当天转述果当天转述yesterday,tomorrow,this afternoon等均等均不必改变。不必改变。4、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化示代词和动词
16、变化 第20页/共36页1）时间状语：）时间状语：直接引语直接引语 （间接引语）（间接引语）now （then）；）；today (that day）；）；tomorrow （the next/following day）next week （the next/following week）yesterday （the day before）two days ago（two days before）this week/month/year(that week/month/year)2）指示代词：）指示代词：these 变成变成those 第21页/共36页3）地点状语：）地点状语：here变成
17、变成there She said,“I wont come here any more.”She said that she wouldnt go there any more.4）动词：）动词：come变成变成go，bring变成变成take5、直接引语变间接引语，句子结构的变化、直接引语变间接引语，句子结构的变化 1）陈述句。用连词）陈述句。用连词that引导，引导，that在口语中常省略。在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said,也可用也可用told来代替，注意，可以说来代替，注意，可以说said that,said to sb.that,to
18、ld sb.that，不可直接说，不可直接说told that,第22页/共36页如：He said,“I have been to the Great Wall.”He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.He said,“Ill give you an examination next Monday.”He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.（不可说told that）2）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称是否疑问句，）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称是否疑
19、问句，）间接引语用连词间接引语用连词whether或或if引导，原主句中谓语动引导，原主句中谓语动词词said要改为要改为asked（me/him/us等），语序是陈述句等），语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重要。的语序，这一点非常重要。第23页/共36页如：He said,“Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”He asked（me）whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.3）直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whetheror表达，而不用
20、表达，而不用ifor，也不用，也不用eitheror.如：He asked,“Do you speak English or French?”He asked me whether I spoke English or French.第24页/共36页4）直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原来）直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask（sb.）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。如：He asked，“Whats your name?”He asked（me）what my
21、 name was.5）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带to的的不定式表达，谓语动词常是不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask,advise,tell,warn,order,request等。如等。如ask sb.to do，（由肯定祈使句，（由肯定祈使句变成）变成）ask sb.not to do（由否定祈使句转变），并且（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点第25页/共36页状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如：He said，“Be seated,please.”He as
22、ked us to be seated.6）有些含有）有些含有“建议建议”、“劝告劝告”的祈的祈使句，可用使句，可用suggest,insist,offer等动词转述，等动词转述，如：He said,“Lets have a rest.”He suggested our having a rest 7）当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示请求，建）当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示请求，建议意义时，可用议意义时，可用ask sb.to do sth./suggest doing/advise sb.to do sth.等形式转述。等形式转述。第26页/共36页如：“Would you mind op
23、ening the door?”he asked.He asked me to open the door.8）直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用）直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用what或或how引导，也可用引导，也可用that引导引导，如：She said,“What a lovely day it is!”She said what a lovely day it was.或She said that it was a lovely day.第27页/共36页1、She asked me _ my mother liked the blue one.A.if B.that C.what
24、 D.where2、He said that he _ a good journey.A.has B.will have C.had D.haveAC第28页/共36页3、Kate answered that she _ her homework.A.finish B.finishes C.has finished D.had finished4、He said that he_ TV at that time.A.was watching B.watches C.watching D.has watchedDA第29页/共36页5、He asked Lucy _ she needed som
25、e more tea.A.if B.where C.that D.what6、I dont know _to visit the old man or not.A.weather B.if C.whether D.thatAC第30页/共36页7、”Youve got well,havent you?”she asked.She asked _.A.if I have already got well B.whether I had already got well C.have I already got well D.had I already got well B第31页/共36页8、”Have you seen the film?”he asked me.He asked me _.A.had I seen the film B.have I seen the film C.if I have seen the film D.whether I had seen the filmD第32页/共36页9、She asked _ for the computer.A.did I pay how much B.I paid how much C.how much did I paid D.how much I paidD第33页/共36页感谢您的观看！第36页/共36页