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1、四级写作模板班讲义 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望石雷鹏:http:/ 90分2011年12月四级写作复习重点:2005年12月-2011年6月1.议论文:11次2.应用文:2次3.图表作文:0次课程介绍:四个板块1.四级写作最有效复习方法2.考试概况3.功能段落模板及例题分析4.应用文和图表模板关于模板那点事!摈弃传统模板:问题:张同学模板,用还是不用?困惑功能模板的概念:提纲 功能段落四级考试一般有三个提纲,可以总结为六种功能段落。因此,掌握好
2、六种功能段落,也就掌握了所有作文的写作。2011年6月大学英语四级考试真题PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledOnline Shopping.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2.网上购物有很多好处,但也有不少问题3.我的建议2010年12月大学英语四级考试真题Part I Writing (30 minutes)Direction
3、s:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledHow Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2.为了让孩子独立,父母应该2010年6月19日大学英语四级考试试题PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteasho
4、rtessayonthetopicofDue Attention Should Be Given To Spelling.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写2.出现这种情况的原因3.为了改变这种状况,我认为2009年12月大学英语四级考试Part Writing(30 minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofCreating a Green Camp
5、us.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.建设绿色校园很重要2.绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境3.为了建设绿色校园,我们应该2009年6月英语四级考试Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of Free Admission to Museums.You should write at least 120 words follow
6、ing the outline given bellow:1.越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么?2.也会带来一些问题3.你的看法?段落层面:六种功能段落1.现象描述2.危害分析3.原因分析4.建议措施5.观点阐述(利弊)6.意义阐述篇章层面:六种功能段落的排列组合1.问题解决型:2010年6月2.观点对比型(利弊分析):2011年6月3.现象阐述型:2009年12月请区分以下提纲所对应的功能段落2008年年12月:月:Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags1.一次性塑料袋曾经广泛使用2.使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题3.限制一次性塑料袋的意义
7、2008年6月Recreational Activities1.娱乐活动多种多样,2.娱乐可能使人们受益,也可能有危害性,3.作为大学生,我的看法。2007年12月What Electives to Choose1.各大学为大学生开设了各种各样的选修课2.学生出于各种原因选择了不同的选修课3.以我自己为例总结复习:1.现象描述2.危害分析3.原因分析4.建议措施5.观点阐述(利弊)6.意义阐述写作概况:1.试题形式(考场注意事项)2.评分方法(高分作文要求)3.评卷实例(高分模版思路)答题卡答题卡1:Part I Writing(30 minutes)Part II Reading Compr
8、ehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)试题形式:Writing:2008年12月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofLimiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbellow:1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛地使用2.造成的问题3.限制使用的意义笔记审题关注:英文指令:题材+话题汉语提纲:识别提纲
9、功能字数:至少120,最好140-150,若题目读不懂:英文题目+汉语提纲写作概况:评分方法1.Globalscoring2.Rewardingscore原始赋分:满分15分 标准分:107分五个分数档次:0、2、5、8、11、写作概况:评卷实例0分:白卷,作文与题目毫不相关,或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想。5分:基本切题,表达思想不够清楚,连贯性差,有较多严重错误。14分:文章切题。文字通顺,条理清楚,无重大语言错误,仅有个别小错。评卷实例:请思考高分作文特征实例一 英文题目:BicyclesAn Important Means of Transport in C汉语提纲:(1)为什么自行
10、车在中国这样普及(2)和汽车的比较(3)自行车在中国的前途模版的提炼过程:思路和表达Bicycles are very popular in China.Almosteveryfamilyinthecityhastwoorthreebicycles.Duringtherushhour,youcanseethatthousandsofpeople-manandwoman,oldandyoung-ridetheirbicyclestoworkandstudy.That is why China is called“the kingdom of bicycles”单复数错误:manandwomanm
11、enandwomen词性误用:oldandyoungtheoldandtheyoung专有名词:第一个和最后一个单词首字母大写,其他:实词(名动形副代数)首字母大写;虚词(介连冠)首字母不大写。首句模板句式提炼:BicyclesareverypopularinChina.词性转化:popularpopularity.InChina,bicycleshavegainedgreat/widepopularityamongC练习:(请暂停完成以下真题句子写作:铅笔)2011-06:现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2010-06:如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写2009-12:建设绿色校园很重要2009-
12、06:越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么?2008-12:一次性塑料袋曾经广泛使用 2008-06:娱乐活动多种多样 2011-06:现在网上购物已成为一种时尚Intherecentdecade,2010-06:如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写InChina,Englishlearninghasgainedwidepopularityamongstudents.However,2009-12:建设绿色校园很重要Inthecontemporarysociety,2009-06:越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么?Inthepresent-daysociety,freeadmissi
13、ontomuseumsisenjoyinggreatpopularityamongC2008-12:一次性塑料袋曾经广泛使用 Duringthepastdecades,2008-06:娱乐活动多种多样 Inthisdayandage,此外,简单句(Bicycles are very popular in China.)长难句?我爱记歌词Inmyeyes,youarethemostbeautiful.Inmyeyes,高分句式:双重否定结构:No_is/aremore_than_.原句:BicyclesareverypopularinChina.InChina,nomeansoftranspor
14、tis 我能想到最浪漫的事就是和你一起变老。二句模板句式提炼:Almosteveryfamilyinthecityhastwoorthreebicycles.调查法描述:Basedonarecentreport,amajorityofC练习:(请暂停:在完成首句之后,对以下现象进行描述)2011-06:现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2010-06:如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写2009-06:越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么?2008-12:一次性塑料袋曾经广泛使用 2008-06:娱乐活动多种多样 2011-06:现在网上购物已成为一种时尚Basedonarecentreportby
15、ChinaDaily,72.34%ofyoungpeoplereckonthattheyhavepurchasedclothes,booksandotheritemsonTaobao,Dangdang,AmazonandGroup-2010-06:如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写However,accordingtoarecentsurvey,2009-06:越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么?Basedonaninvestigation,amajorityofvisitorsreckonthatbyvisitingmuseumsfreely,theyacquirerichknowle
16、dgeonhistory,2008-12:一次性塑料袋曾经广泛使用Asarecentreportsreveals,amajorityofresidentsacknowledgethattheyhavebeenusingthesebagstotakefood,2008-06:娱乐活动多种多样Accordingtoarecentsurvey,amajorityoffolksadmitthattheyparticipateinmorerecreationalactivities:traveling,sports,watchingTVormoviesandsurfingtheI三句提炼:Duringt
17、herushhour,youcanseethatthousandsofpeople-manandwoman,oldandyoung-ridetheirbicyclestoworkandstudy.模板句式:Duringtherushhour,it can be noticedthatthousandsofpeoplemenandwomen,theoldandtheyoung-练习:(请暂停:在完成前两句之后,描述以下话题现象)2011-06:现在网上购物已成为一种时尚Everyday,itcanseenthatthousandsofpeoplemenandwomen,2009-06:越来越多的
18、博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么?On the weekends,it can noticed that hundreds of people men and women,the old and the young visit museums to see the 首段现象描述(正面)InChina,bicycleshavegainedgreatpopularityamongChinesepeople.Basedonareport,amajorityofresidentsinthecitiesacknowledgethattheyhavetwoorthreebicycles.Duringther
19、ushhour,itcanbenoticedthatthousandsofpeoplemenandwomen,theoldandtheyoung-Compared with cars,bicycles are superior in many ways.First,theyarecheap,convenientandeasytoride.Second,ridingbicycleisgoodforhealth.Third,theybringnonoisenorairpollution.Though(转)(转)carsarefasterandmorecomfortable,theyaretooex
20、pensive.Theyconsumeplentyofoilandtheypollutetheair.Sometimes,itisdifficultforadrivertoparkhiscar.M支持:利Compared with cars,bicycles are superior in many ways.First,theyarecheap,convenientandeasytoride.Second,ridingbicycleisgoodforhealth.Third,常用词积累分词结构开头分词结构开头:comparedwithcars。besuperiorto=优于 beinferi
21、orto=低于 层次与逻辑层次与逻辑:first,second,third,模板提炼:Compared with cars,bicycles are superior in many ways.2.网上购物有很多好处,但也有不少问题Comparedwithshoppingindepartments,onlineshoppingissuperiorinmanyways.Comparedwith=I常用理由:常用理由:便宜:cheap/economical/inexpensive如:First,方便:convenient/convenience/inconvenience如:Second,对有益b
22、egood/beneficial/转:模板提炼模板提炼:Though(转)(转)carsarefasterandmorecomfortable,theyaretooexpensive.欲抑先扬:Though/Although+优点,+缺点(弊)请暂停电脑:练习Though让步状语从句进行转折2011-06:网上购物有很多好处,但也有不少问题2009-06:1.越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么?2.也会带来一些问题2008-12:使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题2008-06:娱乐可能使人们受益,也可能有危害性2011-06:网上购物有很多好处,但也有不少问题Thoughonlineshopp
23、ingisbeneficial,2009-06:1.越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么?2.也会带来一些问题Althoughfreeadmissionisconvenientandbeneficial,2008-12:使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题Althoughthesebagsareconvenientandinexpensive,2008-06:娱乐可能使人们受益,也可能有危害性Althoughtheseactivitiesarerewarding,Theyconsumeplentyofoilandtheypollutetheair.Sometimes,itisdifficultfor
24、adrivertoparkhiscar.Moreovertheyoftencausetrafficjamsandaccidents.consume:time/energy/money如:ChoosingorselectingitemsintheI我的看法In my opinion,the future of bicycle is very promising.SinceChinaisadevelopingcountryandhasalargepopulation,Ithink,ridingbicycleisappropriatetoChinesepresentconditions.It wil
25、l be an important means of transportation for quite a long 模板提炼:模板提炼:In my opinion,the future of bicycle is very promising.I am convinced that the future of bicycle is very promising.what convinces me is that 高分特征:1.内容相关(切题即可)2.结构清晰(新闻联播三段论)3.语言精彩(句子结构词多变)如何做到内容切题和结构清晰内容切题和结构清晰?三步法:三步法:a.审读英文题目题目和汉语
26、提纲提纲:识别提纲功能:识别提纲功能b.将三提纲转化为英文句子充当主题句主题句(若提纲是两个则添加一个)c.将主题句扩展扩展成英文段落内容如何扩展?以以TOEFL写作为例:写作为例:万能话题:环境类a.在你家周围建一个工厂,你是否同意?b.你认为科学家对人类的贡献大还是艺术家对人类的贡献大?c.你的职业梦想是什么?d.如果让你发明一样机器,你会选择什么?e.如果你有一笔钱,你会用它来做什么?再以四级考试为例作业:题目:OnEnglishLearning1.英语学习很重要2.英语者所面临的困难3.如何学好英语1992-61.你在英语学习中有哪些困难?2.你是如何克服这些困难的?How I Ove
27、rcame my Difficulties in Learning E1993-61.我最喜爱的电视(或无线电)节目是.2.这类节目的内容和特点3.我喜欢它的原因1994-61.人们对职业各有不同的理想2.我理想的职业是什么3.我怎样为我理想的职业做准备1997-11.怎样理解“熟能生巧”?2.例如:在英语学习中3.又如Practice Makes P2000-11.上大学的费用(tuitionandfees)可以通过多种途径解决2.哪种途径适合于我(说明理由)How I Finance My College E2000-61.很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试,理由是2.也有人持不同意见.3.
28、我的看法和打算Is a Test of Spoken English N2003.61.简单叙述一下这位同学生病(或受伤)的情况2.同学、老师和我是如何帮助他/她的3.人与人之间的这种相互关爱给我的感受是2003.121.建议报考的专业及理由建议报考的专业及理由2.报考该专业的基本条件报考该专业的基本条件3.应当如何备考应当如何备考2005.11.你认为自己具备了什么条件(能力、性格、爱好等)可以胜任学生会主席的工作2.如果当选,你将为本校同学做些什么2005年6月1.向老师致以节日祝贺。2.从一件难忘的事回忆老师的教诲和无私的奉献。3.我如何回报老师的关爱2006-6月月1.校学生会将组织一
29、次暑期志愿者活动,现招募志愿者。2.本次志愿者活动的目的,内容、安排等。3.报名条件及联系方式2007年年6月月欢迎辞,Welcometoourclub1.表达你的欢迎;2.对你们俱乐部作一个简要介绍2007年年12月月1.各大学开设了各种各样的选修课2.学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课3.以你自己为例 2010年6月1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写。2.出现这种情况的原因。3.如何避免这一问题Due Attention Should Be Given to S请记住:内容上请记住:内容上熟悉什么熟悉什么就写什么就写什么写作基础:句子结构词多变a.遣词b.造句遣词两方面:Thespee
30、chbyObamaIfthereisanyoneouttherewhostilldoubtsthatAmericaisaplacewhereallthingsarepossible,whostillwondersifthedreamofourfoundersisaliveinourtime,who stillquestionsthepowerofourdemocracy,1.广度:awide/richvarietyof.a.同义词法 b.同根词法c.范畴词法:下义词 上义词 相关词汇d.代词替换Eg:think:deem=claim=hold=argue=maintain=2.深度:弃用第一反
31、应词:academicEg:importantsignificant=essential=crucial=indispensableExercise:veryimportant=veryvaluable=ofgreat_verysignificant=ofgreat_verynecessary=ofgreat_If you dont know,who knows?你不知道谁知道?你不知道谁知道?Work hard and make progress everyday.好好学习,天天向上好好学习,天天向上造句:中英文差异造句:中英文差异“hardforgetting”“heartfloweran
32、gryopen”“Myheartissevenupeightdown”“yougivemestop”“fuckfood”如何避免如何避免 CYesterdaynight,Iwaskickedbymygirlfriend.Sheranawaywithasmallwhiteface.Sheismygreenplumandbamboohorse.However,couldyoupleasetellmywhytheinjuredisalwaysme.I造句原则造句原则a.切忌逐字翻译切忌逐字翻译b.汉语意思汉语意思 英文结构英文结构简单句简单句:XiaoShenyangisdisgusting.Ili
33、keher.并列句并列句:XSYisdisgustingandIlikeher.造句基础:简单句长难句复合句复合句:If you shed tears when you miss the sun,简单句长难句我看到人我看到人。今天,我我在电视上看到一个高高的、瘦瘦的、留着披肩发、踩着高跟鞋、穿着花裙子、潇洒飘逸的男人。短短长:长:加修饰成分加修饰成分名词前:名词前:加加形容词、同位语、定语从句简单句:简单句:加加状语(时间、地点、目的、方式等)2008:娱乐活动多种多样。5words:There are many recreational 33 words:Inrecentyears,owin
34、gtothespeedydevelopmentofoursociety,there areagreatmany recreational activitiesinpeoplesdailylife,whichincludesports,watchingTV,surfingtheInternet,Review:六种功能段落1.现象描述2.危害分析3.原因分析4.建议措施5.观点阐述(利弊)6.意义阐述问题解决型问题解决型写作思路写作思路:现象描述现象描述+问题分析(原因或危害)问题分析(原因或危害)+建议措建议措施施,例如:例如:2010年年6月月Topic:Due Attention Shoul
35、d Be Given To Spelling.1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写2.出现这种情况的原因3.为了改变这种状况,我认为现象描述段(正反)现象描述段(正反)引出现象+具体描述+总结1)引出现象:首句1.Nobody/Noone couldhavefailedtonoticethefactthatkidslackofindependencehasbecomeagraveprobleminmanyfamilies.负面:agraveproblem正面:acommon/popularphenomenon/首句2.Inthecontemporarysociety,thereisnoden
36、yingthefactthat+客观事实(提纲1)首句3.Onmanycampuses/Inthecontemporarysociety/Inthepresent-daysociety/Inrecentdecades,首句4(正反均可):Nowadays/Inthepresent-daysociety/Inrecentdecades,itcanbenoticedthatchildrendependmoreontheirparentsthaneverbefore.(比较级引出问题)首句5(正反均可):Inthepresent-daysociety/Inrecentyears,ithasbecom
37、eaprevalent/populartendency/trend/practicefor_to_首句6:(正面)Inrecentdecades,_has/havegainedgreatpopularityamong_.popularitypublicattention(负面)首句7:Thepastyears/decadeshaveseen/witnessedthehuge/speedyadvancement/developmentof_段落写作原则:1.首句正确+开篇精彩,帅锅:Youaresobeautiful!Iloveyou.美女:Getaway!帅锅:MayIhavedirectio
38、ns?美女:Towhere?帅锅:Toyourheart.美女:2)具体描述:二句1:事实描述二步走第一步:提纲中涉及谁就说谁第二步:引申其中的名词(由个体到群体,由小见大)第三步:给句子加修饰状语:1)时间:nowadays,recently;2)地点:inourmodernsociety列举:suchas/includingA,B,Candsoforth/练习:现在很多父母替孩子包办一切.Parentsdoeverythingfortheirchildren.Agreatmanyparentsdoeverythingfortheirchildren.Inmanyfamilies,agrea
39、tmanyparentsdoeverythingfortheirchildren,suchasfood,clothes,(事实描述)Anincreasingnumberofindividuals/peoplefinditdifficult/hard/troublesometo_.2010-12:父母替孩子包办一切:A正面话题:difficultconvenient/inexpensive/beneficial2011-06:OnlineShoppingA越来越多的AgrowingnumberofP二句2:(举例描述1)Acaseinpointofthisis/Atypicalexampleof
40、thisis/T(举例描述2)Turningalookaround,wecanfindagreatmany/plentyof/agooddealofexampleslikethis:两个或多个例子(举例描述3):Ourdailylifehasbeenfilledwithavarietyofexampleslikethis:两个例子二句4:(调查法描述:)Accordingtoarecentsurvey/report,amajorityof/72.34%ofpeople/students/individuals/citizens/residentsadmit/reckon/acknowledge
41、that_AccordingtoBasedon正面:amajorityof负面:3)总结问题:承上+启下三句1:(承上)Thus/Therefore/Hence,(启下)howtoeffectivelyhasbecomeamatterofconcern.(用于总结负面话题)实例:2010:父母替孩子包办一切Thus,汉语四六级试题:中英文篇章结构差异阅读理解:天涯远不远?不远!人就在天涯,天涯怎么会远?明月是什么颜色?是蓝的,就像海一样蓝,一样深,一样忧郁。明月在那?在他的心,他的心就是明月。题目:概括本段中心思想 三句2:(承上)Asaresult/Consequently/Accordin
42、gly,(启下)_requires/necessitates/callsforcloseattentionofthewholesociety.(总结正面或负面话题)三句3:(承上)So,(启下1)dueattentionshouldbepaidto_/(或)weshouldpaydueattentionto_现象描述写作范例1:UnhealthyLivingHabits1.现在很多大学生有不健康的生活习惯2.这些习惯的危害3.我的建议首段:负面现象描述1.现在很多大学生有不健康的生活习惯,如熬夜、沉溺于电脑游戏、过度消费首句引出现象:On many campuses,there are mor
43、e unhealthy living habits among college or university students than ever 二句具体描述:Turningalookaround,wecanfindagreatmanyexampleslikethis:somestayuplate;someareaddictedtoavarietyofcomputergames;someconsumeexcessively.三句总结:Asaresult,现象描述(正面):2011-061.如今网络购物已成为一种时尚首句引出现象:Inthepresent-daysociety,ithasbeco
44、meaprevalenttrendforindividualstoshoponline.或:Inthepresent-daysociety,二句具体描述:A growing number of people find it convenient and inexpensive to buy/purchase via the Internet.或万能举例法:Turning a look around,we can find plenty of examples like this:Taobao,Dangdang and Amazon are websites where we can buy c
45、lothes,books,and other 三句总结话题:Thus,危害分析段四句话(总分总)主题句+危害1+危害2+总结危害分析危害:主题句主题句1:Such_is/areboundto(generate/resultin/giveriseto/leadto)(severe/negative/serious)(consequences/effects/impacts)ifwekeepturningablindeyeto.万能词汇:phenomenon/主题句2:Apparentlyenough,therearesomenegativeimpactswhichweshouldnotignor
46、e/主题句3:Quiteobviously,主题句4:Totacklethisproblem,itisofgreat/原因/危害/建议/利弊/意义分析逻辑:一个中心,四个基本点:以孩子(学生、事件)为中心以家长(老师、相关人员)、家庭(学校、管理机构)、社会、法规(道德意识)为基本点危害1:Tobeginwith,_maydamage/hurt/harm/impair/underminethe_of_.分析危害:当前和未来危害2:Moreover,(强调句式)itis_thatexerts/produces/generatesbadimpactsonphysicalhealth/危害3:Ina
47、ddition/Furthermore/Whatisworse/Besides,_setbadexamplestoothers,leadingthemto_.(对于他人影响)危害4:Then,itismanifestthat_aredeveloping/gaining_attheexpense/costof_.得:convenience/profits/pleasure失:honesty/morality/危害5(结果论):Besides,theresults/influences/impacts/effects/qualitiesof_arenotalwaysaspositive/credi
48、ble/trustworthy/reliableasexpected(because_)危害6:(浪费)Besides,itcanbearguedthat_meansagravewasteoftime/energy/危害总结危害总结1:Ashasbeennoted,_do/doesimpactour_negativelytoalarge/危害总结2:Toconclude,itisundeniablethatthebadimpactsof_危害分析范例1:UnhealthyLivingHabits1.现在很多大学生有不健康的生活习惯2.这些习惯的危害3.我的建议二段:危害分析(弊)二段:大学生不
49、健康生活习惯危害分析(弊)主题句:Quiteobviously,危害1:Tobeginwith,stayinguplatemayimpairstudentsphysicalhealth.危害2:Moreover,itisplayinggamesthatexertsnegativeimpactsonstudentsacademicperformance.(危害3:Then,itcanbearguedthatthesebehaviorsmeanagravewasteoftime,moneyandenergy.)(请思考2009-12博物馆话题第二个提纲)尾句总结危害:Ashasbeennoted,
50、原因分析段原因分析段=原因分析主题句+具体原因(2-3个)+原因总结主题句1:Generallyspeaking,severalreasonscanaccountforthisphenomenon.(中性话题)主题句2:Ingeneral,thereareseveralreasons/factors/causes/purposesresponsiblefor_,butthefollowingmaybethemostcritical.(中性话题)主题句3:Itisevidentthatthecausesof_主题句4:(To solve/deal with this worrying/distu