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1、 21212121世纪高职高专精品教材世纪高职高专精品教材世纪高职高专精品教材世纪高职高专精品教材经济贸易类经济贸易类经济贸易类经济贸易类完整版完整版完整版完整版PPTPPTPPTPPT课件课件课件课件外贸英语外贸英语（第（第（第（第4 4 4 4版）版）版）版）目录CONTENT010302Chapter 1Chapter 1IntroductionIntroductionChapter 2Chapter 2Terms of CommodityTerms of CommodityChapter 3Chapter 3International International Trade Terms
2、Trade Terms04Chapter 4Chapter 4Terms of PriceTerms of Price070908Chapter 7Chapter 7International PaymentInternational PaymentChapter 8Chapter 8Inspection and ClaimsInspection and ClaimsChapter 9Chapter 9Force Majeure Force Majeure and Arbitration1and Arbitration11011Chapter 10Chapter 10Negotiation o
3、f ContractNegotiation of ContractChapter 11Chapter 11Implementation of ContractImplementation of Contract0506Chapter 5Chapter 5International International Cargo TransportCargo TransportChapter 6Chapter 6InsuranceInsuranceMarine Cargo InsuranceMarine Cargo Insurance12Chapter 12Chapter 12Modes of Inte
4、rnational TradeModes of International TradeChapter 1Chapter 1IntroductionIntroductionDomestic tradeForeign tradeMonetary conversionImporting businessExporting businessPerforming contractNegotiating contractAfter studying this chapter，you should be able to：1.explain what foreign trade is.2.list some
5、forms of international trade.3.list the contents of contract for the international sales of goods.4.describe procedure of exporting business.5.describe procedure of importing business.6.grasp some important international trade usages.NegativePositiveKey termsKey termsObjectivesObjectivesn nForeign t
6、rade is the activity that one country and region exchanges goods and services with other countries and regions.From the viewpoint of one country，this exchange activity is called foreign trade；seen from the international scope，it is called international trade，world trade or overseas trade.Foreign tra
7、de includes import and export operations.When dealing in importing and exporting，businessmen will face a variety of conditions that differ from those to which they have got used in domestic trade.nThe fact that the transactions are across national borders highlights the differences between domestic
8、and international trade.Generally，there are certain differences that justify the separate treatment of international trade and domestic trade.In particular，these differences include cultural problems，monetary conversion，trade barriers，laws and regulations，etc.Foreign traders must be aware of these d
9、ifferences because they often bring about troubles in international trade.Exporting and importing1.11.1n nExportingExporting is the simplest way to enter a foreign market.There are two types of exporting：direct exporting and indirect exporting.n nImportingImporting is the process of purchasing goods
10、 and services from other nations.Like exporting，importing can be either indirect or direct.nIn addition to the abovementioned importing and exporting，according to market situation，trading conditions and trade practices，other international trade forms can be used，such as distribution，invitation for b
11、ids，counter trade，future trading，processing and assembling trade.These modes of international trade may be adopted flexibly.Terms and conditions of contract1.1.2 2nIn import and export business，the seller and the buyer conclude a deal through negotiation.Contract for the international sales of goods
12、 stipulates obligations and rights of two parties.A complete and definite contract can help to realize two parties purpose and avoid disputes between them.As to the terms and conditions of the contract，the United Nations Conventions on United Nations Conventions on Contracts for the International Sa
13、les of GoodsContracts for the International Sales of Goods and laws of various countries have different stipulations.Terms and conditions of contract1.1.2 2nGenerally speaking，the contract mainly includes the following terms and conditions：the name the name of the of the commoditcommodity yquantityq
14、uantityqualityqualitypackingpackingpricepricetransportattransportationioninsuranceinsurancepaymentpaymentinspection inspection and claimand claimforce force majeure majeure and and arbitrationarbitrationthe contract mainly the contract mainly the contract mainly the contract mainly includesincludesi
15、ncludesincludes:12345679108Procedures of exporting and importing business1.31.31.3.1Procedure of exporting businessn nPreparation before businessPreparation before businessBefore the business，the exporter should implement the source of the goods and make preparation of the goods；do research into the
16、 foreign market and customers，and select salable objective market and reliable customers；make out price project for exporting the goods so as to stand in a favorable position during negotiation；finally，carry out advertisement publicity and promotion activities.Procedures of exporting and importing b
17、usiness1.31.31.3.1Procedure of exporting businessn nNegotiating the export contractNegotiating the export contractUnder normal circumstances，the business negotiation may be carried out through correspondence，cables and telexes or be conducted orally or both.In international practices，the business ne
18、gotiation will usually go through four steps，for example，enquiry，offer，counteroffer and acceptance.When one party accepts the other party s offer，they will close a deal and then sign a contract.Procedures of exporting and importing business1.31.31.3.1Procedure of exporting businessn nPerforming the
19、export contractPerforming the export contract（1）Preparation of the goods.（2）Applying for inspection.（3）Implementing payment terms.（4）Chartering a ship and booking space.（5）Taking out insurance.（6）Making declaration to customs.（7）Sending out the shipping advice.（8）Making out documents for settlement
20、under the L/C.Procedures of exporting and importing business1.31.31.3.2Procedure of importing businessn nPreparation before businessPreparation before businessThe importer should work out managing scheme or price plan so that he knows fairly well about the goods and its price；after investigating the
21、 foreign market and foreign trader，the importer selects the most favorable market and supplier.Procedures of exporting and importing business1.31.31.3.2Procedure of importing businessn nPerforming the import contractPerforming the import contract（1 1）Applying for opening the L/C.Applying for opening
22、 the L/C.PerfoPerformingrming（2 2）Contracting for the carriage of the goods.Contracting for the carriage of the goods.（3 3）Taking out insurance.Taking out insurance.（4 4）Examining documents and paying the purchase price.Examining documents and paying the purchase price.（5 5）Making declaration to cus
23、toms.Making declaration to customs.（6 6）Checking the goods discharged.Checking the goods discharged.（7 7）Allocating the goods.Allocating the goods.The laws and usual practices of the international trade1.1.4 4n nThe international sales of goods have close connections with the laws and usual practice
24、s of the international trade.In practice，laws and regulations of various countries and international trade usages are involved，for example，Contractual Law，Bill Law，Agency Law.In international trade，United Nations Conventions on Contracts for the International Sales of Goods，Incoterms 2000，Incoterms
25、2010，Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits，and Uniform Rules for Collection are so important that the students should pay more attention to them.谢 谢 聆 听T H A N K S F O R Y O U R A T T E N T I O N 21212121世纪高职高专精品教材世纪高职高专精品教材世纪高职高专精品教材世纪高职高专精品教材经济贸易类经济贸易类经济贸易类经济贸易类完整版完整版完整版完整版PPTPPTPPT
26、PPT课件课件课件课件外贸英语外贸英语（第（第（第（第4 4 4 4版）版）版）版）目录CONTENT010302Chapter 1Chapter 1IntroductionIntroductionChapter 2Chapter 2Terms of CommodityTerms of CommodityChapter 3Chapter 3International International Trade TermsTrade Terms04Chapter 4Chapter 4Terms of PriceTerms of Price070908Chapter 7Chapter 7Interna
27、tional PaymentInternational PaymentChapter 8Chapter 8Inspection and ClaimsInspection and ClaimsChapter 9Chapter 9Force Majeure Force Majeure and Arbitration1and Arbitration11011Chapter 10Chapter 10Negotiation of ContractNegotiation of ContractChapter 11Chapter 11Implementation of ContractImplementat
28、ion of Contract0506Chapter 5Chapter 5International International Cargo TransportCargo TransportChapter 6Chapter 6InsuranceInsuranceMarine Cargo InsuranceMarine Cargo Insurance12Chapter 12Chapter 12Modes of International TradeModes of International TradeChapter 2Chapter 2Terms of Terms of CommodityCo
29、mmodityShipping markQuality latitudeNet weightQuality toleranceGross weightQuantity latitudeConditioned weightMore or less clauseSales packingTransport packingAfter studying this chapter，you should be able to：1.describe methods of stipulating quality of the goods.2.explain what quality tolerance and
30、 quality latitude are.3.explain what the more or less clause is.4.describe kinds of packing.5.explain what the shipping mark is.6.identify the indicative mark and warning mark.NegativePositiveKey termsKey termsObjectivesObjectivesnIn international trade，the seller must deliver the goods which are of
31、 name，quality，quantity required by the contract，and which are packed in the manner required by the contract.The failure of which will result in the disputes between the seller and the buyer.n nAttention should be given to the trade conditions of the commodity：name of commodity，quality of commodity，q
32、uantity of commodity and packing of commodity.Name and quality of commodity2.12.12.1.1Name of commodityn nThe clause of name of commodity is a main component of the description of goods.As the basis of a transaction，it concerns the rights and obligations of the seller and the buyer.If the goods deli
33、vered by the seller are not in line with the agreed name of commodity，the buyer reserves the right to lodge a claim against the buyer，reject the goods or even cancel the contract.Therefore，the name of commodity should be clearly stipulated in the contract.When giving the name，try to be specific and
34、adopt the widely accepted name agreed by both parties.Name and quality of commodity2.12.12.1.2Quality of commodityn nThe importance of quality of commodityThe importance of quality of commodityThe quality of commodity refers to the outward appearance and the essential quality of the commodity，such a
35、s shape，structure，color，flavors as well as chemical composition，physical and mechanical property，biological feature.Name and quality of commodity2.12.12.1.2Quality of commodityn nMethods of stipulating quality of commodityMethods of stipulating quality of commodity0101020203030404Sale by Sale by Sal
36、e by Sale by sample.sample.sample.sample.Sale by Sale by Sale by Sale by actual actual actual actual quality.quality.quality.quality.Sale by Sale by Sale by Sale by description.description.description.description.Fair Average Fair Average Fair Average Fair Average Quality or Good Quality or Good Qua
37、lity or Good Quality or Good Merchantable Merchantable Merchantable Merchantable Quality.Quality.Quality.Quality.Name and quality of commodity2.12.12.1.2Quality of commodityn nQuality clause in the sales contractQuality clause in the sales contractThe quality clause usually includes the specificatio
38、n，grade，standard or brand，etc of the goods.But different goods have different quality，and the methods of stipulating quality of the goods are also different.Some examples are as follows：Sample No.123 Sample No.123 Cloth Doll.Cloth Doll.1Brazilian SoybeanBrazilian Soybean，2018 New Crop2018 New Crop，F
39、.A.Q.F.A.Q.2Quality as per Sample No.3456 Quality as per Sample No.3456 and Technical Features and Technical Features indicated in the illustrations indicated in the illustrations submitted by the seller.submitted by the seller.3Name and quality of commodity2.12.12.1.2Quality of commoditynIn order t
40、o fulfill the contract smoothly，we shall pay attention to the following two points when stipulating the quality clause：01020304To stipulate“max”or“min”.To stipulate a certain scope.Stipulate the quality latitude.Stipulate the quality tolerance.Quantity of commodity2.22.2nAny business deal consists o
41、f a certain quantity of goods supplied by the seller and a certain sum of money paid by the buyer.Without a certain quantity of goods，any business deal would be groundless.Thus，the quantity of goods is an indispensable factor in a transaction.According to the United Nations Conventions on Contracts
42、for the Internationd Sales of Goods，if the seller delivers a quantity of goods greater than that provided for in the contract，the buyer may take delivery or refuse to take delivery of the excess quantity.If the buyer takes delivery of all or part of the excess quantity，he must pay for it at the cont
43、ract price.Quantity of commodity2.22.22.2.1Calculating methods of quantity of the goodsn nThe system of weight and measurementThe system of weight and measurementSince different countries use different systems on length，capacity，weight and so on，the units of measurement vary from a country to anothe
44、r.The commonly used systems in the world are the Metric System，the British System，the U.S.System and International system.Quantity of commodity2.22.22.2.1Calculating methods of quantity of the goodsThe U.S.The U.S.The The MetricMetricInternaInternationaltionalThe The BritishBritishSystemSystemSystem
45、SystemThe Metric System.The Metric System.Primary units under this system are kilogram（kg.），meter（m.），square meter（sq.m.）and liter（l.）.The British System.The British System.Under this system，primary units are pound and yard.It is adopted by the British Commonwealth.The U.S.System.The U.S.System.Unde
46、r this system，primary units are the same as the British System，i.e.pound and yard.International system.International system.This system is published by International Standard Metrical Organization，and is based on the metric system.Quantity of commodity2.22.22.2.1Calculating methods of quantity of th
47、e goodsn nUnits of measurementUnits of measurementThe choice of the units of measurement should be in accordance with the nature of goods.The units of measurement generally used in international trade are listed in the Table 2-1.Quantity of commodity2.22.22.2.1Calculating methods of quantity of the
48、goodsn nMethods of calculating weightMethods of calculating weightIn international trade，many commodities are measured by weight.Weight can be calculated in the following ways：By Gross Weight1 1By Net Weight2 2By Conditioned Weight3 3By Theoretical Weight4 4Quantity of commodity2.22.22.2.2Quantity c
49、lause in the contractnThe quantity clause in the contract is very important.It is the foundation for effecting shipment and taking delivery of the goods.The basic contents of the quantity clause are the quantity to be delivered and the measuring unit to be used.In order to avoid disputes during the
50、fulfillment of the contract，both parties shall stipulate this clause clearly.BAQuantQuantQuantQuantity ity ity ity clauseclauseclauseclause（2 2 2 2）To stipulate the To stipulate the To stipulate the To stipulate the quantity latitude.quantity latitude.quantity latitude.quantity latitude.（1 1 1 1）Do