《小学英语必备知识点.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《小学英语必备知识点.docx(18页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、小学英语必备知识点 为便利孩子们更简单梳理英语学问点,能给孩子的英语学习添砖加瓦,让孩子学习更上一层楼,接下来我在这里给大家共享一些关于小学英语必备学问点,供大家学习和参考,希望对大家有所帮助。 小学英语必备学问点 第一部分:基础学问 1.字母:26个字母的大小写 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 2.语音:元音的发音 五个元音字母:AEIOU 12个单元音: 前元音:i: /e/ 中元音:: 后元音:: : u : 双元音(8个) .合口双元音(5个)ai ei au u i .集中双元音(3个) iu 3.词汇:词汇
2、量,近反义词 4.句子:大小写,标点符号 其次部分:语法学问 一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格 (一)名词单复数 1.一般状况,干脆加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives 5
3、.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 不行数名词的复数就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea (二)名词的格 (1) 有生命的东西的名词全部格: a) 单数后加 s 如: Lucys ruler my fathe
4、rs shirt b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 如: his friends bags c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 s childrens shoes l并列名词中,假如把 s加在最终一个名词后,表示共有, 如: Tom and Mikes car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车 l要表示全部物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加s Toms and Mikes cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车 (2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示全部关系:如: a picture of the classroom a map of China 其次部分:语法学问 二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:
5、 (1)不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle 元音开头的可数名词前用an : an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie /
6、an art lesson / (2)定冠词:the the egg the plane 2. 用法: 定冠词的用法: (1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk. (2)复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new. (3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys arent at school. (4)在序数词前: Johns birthday is February the second. (5)用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening 不用冠词的
7、状况: (1)专出名词前:China is a big country. (2)名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等: This is my baseball. (3)复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys cant swim. They are teachers. (4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. Its Sunday. (5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30. (6)球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after cla
8、ss. He plays chess at home. 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well. (7)学科名称前:My favorite subject is music. (8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li. (9)固定词组中:at noon at night by bus 其次部分:语法学问 三、代词、形容词、副词 代词:人称代词,物主代词 人称代词物主代词 主格宾格 第一 人称单数I(我)memy(我的) 复数we(我们)usour(我们的) 其次 人称单数you(你)youyour(你的) 复数you(你们)youyour(你们
9、的) 第三 人称单数he(他)himhis(他的) she(她)herher(她的) it(它)itits(它的) 复数they(他们/她们/它们)themtheir(他们的/她们的/它们的) 形容词,副词:比较级,级 (一)、形容词的比较级 1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。 2.形容词加er的规则: 一般在词尾加er ; 以字母e 结尾,加r ; 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ; 以“辅音字母
10、+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。 3.不规则形容词比较级: good-better, beautiful-more beautiful (二)副词的比较级 1.形容词与副词的区分(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动) 在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后 副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后 2.副词比较级的改变规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则改变:well-better, far-farther) 其次部分:语法学问 四、数词:基数词、序数词 (1)1-20 one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven
11、,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty (2)21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。 23twenty-three,34thirty-four,45fortyfive,56fifty-six,67sixty-seven,78seventy-eight,89eighty-nine,91ninety-one (3)101999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数; 586five hundred and eighty-six,803eight hundred
12、and three (4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.其次个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion 1,001one thousand and one 18,423eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three 6,260,309six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine 750,000,000,000seven hundred and fifty billion 序数词 (1)一般在
13、基数词后加th eg.fourfourth,thirteenthirteenth (2)不规则改变 onefirst,twosecond,threethird,fivefifth,eighteighth,nineninth,twelvetwelfth (3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th twentytwentieth, fortyfortieth, ninetyninetieth (4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。 twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth 基数词转为序数词的口诀: 基
14、变序,有规律,词尾加上-th. 一,二,三,特别记,词尾字母t,d,d. 八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。 ty将y变成i,th前面有个e. 若是遇到几十几,前用基来后用序。 其次部分:语法学问 五、介词:常用介词:in, on, at, behind等 1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。 at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午) 2.on 1)表示详细日期。 注:(1)关于"在周末"的几种表示法: at(on)the weekend在周末-特指 at(on)weekends在周末-泛指 over the
15、weekend在整个周末 during the weekend在周末期间 (2)在圣诞节,应说at Christmas?而不说on Christmas? 2)在(刚)的时候。 On reaching the city he called up his parents. 一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。 3.in 1)表示"时段"、"时期",在多数状况下可以和during互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。 in(during)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪) 六、动词:动词的四种时态: (1)一
16、般现在时: 一般现在时的构成 1. be动词:主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如: I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。 2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如: We study English. 我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜爱汉语。 动词+s的改变规则 1.一般状况下,干脆加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks 2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses
17、, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies (2)一般过去时: 动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有: A、规则动词 一般干脆在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited 以e结尾的动词干脆加d:如 lived , danced , used 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study studied carry carried worry worried (留意play、stay不是辅音字母加
18、y,所以不属于此类) 双写最终一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing sang , eat ate , see saw , have had , do did , go went , take took , buy bought , get got , read read ,fly flew , am/is was , are were , say said , leave left , swim swam , tell told , draw drew , come came , lose lost
19、, find found , drink drank , hurt hurt , feel felt (3)一般将来时: 基本结构: be going to + do; will+ do. be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow. (4)现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词 动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则: 一般的干脆在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating 以e 结
20、尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing 双写最终一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting 第三部分:句法 1.陈述句 (1)确定句:是指用确定的语气来陈述的句子,如:Im a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening. (2)、否定句:含有否定词或表示否
21、定意义词的句子,如:Im not a student. She is not (isnt) a doctor. He does not (doesnt) work in a hospital. There are not (arent) four fans in our classroom. He will not (wont) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didnt) watch TV yesterday evening. 2. 疑问句 一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必需用“yes”,或“no”来回答。 特别疑问句:以特别疑问词(what , wh
22、ere , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应当问什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no”来回答。 3.There be句型 There be 句型与have, has的区分 1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人) 2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词依据最近be 动词的那个名词确定。 3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。 4、there be句型与have(has
23、) 的区分:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。 5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于确定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。 6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于确定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。 7、针对数量提问的特别疑问句的基本结构是: How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语? How much + 不行数名词 + is there + 介词短语? 8、针对主语提问的特别疑问句的基本结构是: Whats + 介词短语? 小学英语学习方法 Find S
24、ome Friends 找寻学习搭档 There is nothing like having a few friends to study English together. You can practice the exercises together, have conversations together (in English!), and, as you study English together, help each other with exercises you may not understand. 没有什么比得上和几个挚友一起学习了。你们可以一起做练习,一起对话(用英语
25、!)。当你们一起学习英语的时候,可以针对不懂的练习相互帮助。 小学英语学习技巧 ChooseTopics that Interest You 选择你感爱好的话题 One of the most important things to do is to study English using topics that you like. This will help motivate you because you will also be learning about a topic you find interesting while you study English. 重要的一点就是,选择你喜爱的话题来学习英语。这样可以使你激发动力,因为你是一边学英语,一边学习你感爱好的话题。 小学英语必备学问点本文来源:网络收集与整理,如有侵权,请联系作者删除,谢谢!第18页 共18页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页