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1、Do you know about Zhoukou Dian?Where is it?What is famous for?It is on the Longgu Mountain,Fangshan District,Beijing.It is famous for Peking Man,a complete skull(头盖骨头盖骨)of an ape-man(猿人猿人)dating back 600,000 years.Pre-reading第1页/共61页北京人头盖骨化石北京人头盖骨化石北北京京猿猿人人复复原原图图第2页/共61页Zhoukoudian Caves第3页/共61页第4页/
2、共61页第5页/共61页第6页/共61页 1933年北京市房山县年北京市房山县 周口店龙骨山山顶洞出土。周口店龙骨山山顶洞出土。骨针长骨针长8.2厘米厘米,孔径孔径 0.31-0.33厘米。这是厘米。这是 中国已发现的时代最早中国已发现的时代最早的骨针之一的骨针之一,其针身保存完好其针身保存完好,针孔处破针孔处破裂裂,针尖锐利针尖锐利,表面有刮磨痕迹。针孔是用表面有刮磨痕迹。针孔是用尖状器刮挖而成。尖状器刮挖而成。骨骨 针针第7页/共61页Archaeologists study early people by examining the objects they used.Look at t
3、he pictures in the reading passage and think about what kind of life Peking Man lived?Did they suffer from cold,starvation or disease?Make a tentative guess about what Peking Man may have done and used thousands of years ago.Compare their life with ours today.Then read the passage to see how accurat
4、e you were.第8页/共61页What objects are used by the primitive people?第9页/共61页Modern peoplePeking ManPlace for livingFurnitureEntertain-mentFoodClothingstone,wooden or brick housecavewooden,special for each roomTV,sport,films,hobbies,education,job,Internet family get togetherfruit,vegetables,meat and fis
5、h,etcnatural food,such as nuts and fruits.natural and man-made fibresskins,leavesnatural furniture made of stone orwood.第10页/共61页1.The main idea of the text is about the _ of our earliest people in the Zhoukoudian Caves.A.life and habits B.food and clothing C.homes and fishing D.farming and huntingR
6、eading A Choose the best answer.第11页/共61页2.Through the conversation,everything about our earliest people is mentioned EXCEPT _.A.homesB.tools C.dress D.entertainment3.Our earliest people in the Zhoukoudian Caves kept themselves warm by _.A.working B.fighting C.making fires D.huntingD C 第12页/共61页4.Ev
7、idence has showed that the earliest people in the Caves used _ to make clothes according to the conversation.A.leaves B.tree skins C.animal skins D.cotton5.From the conversation we can infer that the earliest people in the Caves were very _.A.busy and rich B.idle and lazy C.clever and hard working D
8、.stupid and cruelC C 第13页/共61页Find the information about needle and necklace.ObjectWhat can be discovered from it?Needle1.They repaired or made _.2.No _ of making material has been found.3._ have been found to _ and _ animals skins.Guess:So early people probably _ animal skins.clothesmethodsTools wo
9、recutclean第14页/共61页Object What can be discovered from it?necklace 1.They cared about their _.2.Some of the beads were made of _.Guess:So early people killed,_ and most probably ate animals3.Some of the bead were made of _.Guess:So early people _ and probably _ fish in the _ lake 4.Some of the beads
10、were made of _.Guess:So early people may have _ to the sea or _ with people who had seashells.appearanceanimal bonescut upfish bonescaughtseashellstravelled atenearbytraded第15页/共61页1.What animals were their most dangerous enemies?Tigers and bears were their most dangerous enemies.Answer the question
11、s.第16页/共61页2.How did they make clothes?Their clothes were made from animal _.They used _stone tools to_ the animals and _ their skin.Then smaller _ were used to clean the fat and meat from them.They had to _ an ample amount of salt inside the skin to make it _ enough.finally,they would have cut it a
12、nd _the pieces together with _ made of animal bones.skinssharpenedscrapersrubcut upremovesoftsewnneedles第17页/共61页3.What can we learn about the necklace they wore?Some of the necklace beads were made of animal _ but some were made of _,which tell us that all the fields around here used to be part of
13、a large shallow lake.Perhaps there was _ between early people or they traveled to the seaside on their journeys.bonesshellstrade第18页/共61页1 Read the passage and answer the questions.Comprehending 1.Why have the English students come to the Zhoukoudian caves?The students want to find out about how ear
14、ly people lived.There are no such sites in England while the Zhoukoudian caves provide an excellent example of a site where early people lived.第19页/共61页2.Where did early people live?3.How did early people keep warm?Early people lived in caves.They used fur from animals for clothes and had fires burn
15、ing all winter.第20页/共61页4.What did they use for doors?5.What did they eat?The archaeologist thinks they may have used animal skins.They ate animal meat,such as tigers and bears,and fish from the lake nearby.They also picked fruit when it was ripe.第21页/共61页2 Write down three ways in which the life of
16、 early people differs from your own.Use the information from the reading passage to help you with each category.Homes:caves,perhaps with skins to keep out the coldTools:scrapers,axe-heads,bone needlesDress:animal skins,sewn together with needles and thread,necklaces第22页/共61页Topic 1Topic 2 Topic 3 3
17、Read the conversation again and find out the three topics that the archaeologist talked about.Life in the caveWhat can we learn from a needleWhat can we learn from a necklace第23页/共61页Do you think it is important for us to know about Zhoukoudian caves?Why?Zhoukoudian Caves were formally inscribed(记入记
18、入)on the“World Heritage List”in December 1987 at the eleventh session of UNESCO World Heritage Committee.The inscription of the Peking Man Site Summary 第24页/共61页on the World Heritage List confirms the exceptional and universal value of the cultural site,which requires protection for the benefit of a
19、ll humanity.The site is therefore not only of China,but also of the world as a whole.第25页/共61页1.You must be aware that its here that weve found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.想必你们知道想必你们知道,正是在这儿我们找到了居住正是在这儿我们找到了居住 在世界这个部分最早人类的证据。在世界这个部分最早人类的证据。1)You must b
20、e aware that主句后接由主句后接由 强调句和定语从句组成的宾语从句。强调句和定语从句组成的宾语从句。must是作为情态动词表示肯定推测是作为情态动词表示肯定推测,译作译作“一定一定,肯定肯定”,只用于肯定推测。只用于肯定推测。对现在或将来事实推测对现在或将来事实推测,用用“must do”。第26页/共61页You must be hungry after a long walk 走了很长的路走了很长的路,你一定很饿。你一定很饿。对正发生或进行的事进行推测对正发生或进行的事进行推测,用用“must be doing”。The light is on.He must be doing
21、his homework now.灯亮着灯亮着,他一定正在做作业。他一定正在做作业。对过去的事进行推测对过去的事进行推测,用用“must have done”。The ground is wet.It must have rained last night.地是湿的地是湿的,昨晚一定下雨了。昨晚一定下雨了。第27页/共61页此时此时,应注意反意疑问句的构成。如果句中有应注意反意疑问句的构成。如果句中有表示过去的时间状语表示过去的时间状语,反意疑问句用反意疑问句用“didnt+主语主语”;如果句中无表示过去的时间状语如果句中无表示过去的时间状语,反义反义疑问句用疑问句用“havent/hasnt
22、+主语主语”。He must have arrived here last night,didnt he?他一定昨晚就来这儿了他一定昨晚就来这儿了,不是吗不是吗?He must have arrived here,hasnt he?他一定来这儿了他一定来这儿了,不是吗不是吗?第28页/共61页2)aware adj意识到的意识到的,知道的知道的 通常用作表语通常用作表语 We should be aware that a lot of animals are becoming endangered我们必须清楚地认识到许多动物正濒临我们必须清楚地认识到许多动物正濒临灭绝的危险。灭绝的危险。be
23、aware of sth.知道知道;意识到意识到Though most smokers are aware of the dangers of smoking,they wont give up.第29页/共61页3)its here that weve 是强调句是强调句,其基本句式其基本句式是是It is(was)+被强调部分被强调部分+that(who)+句子其他句子其他部分部分,此结构强调的成分仅限于主语、宾语和状语。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语、宾语和状语。It was your mother whom I met in the street我在街上碰到的是你的母亲。我在街上碰到的是你的
24、母亲。It was in the street that I met your mother.我是在街上碰到你母亲的。我是在街上碰到你母亲的。It was she who had been wrong.错的是她。错的是她。第30页/共61页It is what you do rather than what you say _ matters.A.That B.what C.which D.this本题强调主语本题强调主语,此时应用此时应用that来引导。来引导。4)“Who lived in this part of the world”是定语是定语从句修饰先行词从句修饰先行词 people
25、。people在定语从句作主语在定语从句作主语,故用关系代词故用关系代词who来引导定语从句。来引导定语从句。A 第31页/共61页2.Im sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here?很抱歉打扰你很抱歉打扰你,我想问问他们是怎么在这里我想问问他们是怎么在这里 生活的？生活的？1)句型句型“Im sorry.but.”是口语中委婉的表达是口语中委婉的表达,“but”表示语义上的转折。表示语义上的转折。-Are you free this weekend?-Im sorry,but l have lots of work to do-周
26、末有空吗周末有空吗?-对不起对不起,我有大量的事要做。我有大量的事要做。第32页/共61页2)interrupt vt.&vi.打断打断;中断中断别打扰他别打扰他,他还没完成呢。他还没完成呢。_,for he hasnt finished yet.他的学习由于战争而中断。他的学习由于战争而中断。His studies _.打岔打岔;插嘴插嘴It is rude to interrupt.“Dont interrupt,”he said.Dont interrupt himwere interrupted by the war第33页/共61页区别区别:interrupt 和和disturbin
27、terrupt v.打扰打扰,打断打断,阻碍。常有阻碍。常有“使使停止停止(中断中断)”的意思。的意思。His speech was constantly interrupted by applause.disturb v.打扰打扰,妨碍。常指失去了正常的状态妨碍。常指失去了正常的状态或导致困难产生。或导致困难产生。Bad dreams disturbed her sleep.第34页/共61页3.We have found human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and ornamen
28、ts.我们在山的比较高的洞穴里发现了动物和我们在山的比较高的洞穴里发现了动物和人类的骨头以及工具和装饰品。人类的骨头以及工具和装饰品。as well as 1)conj.as well as 可以用来连接可以用来连接两个相同的成分两个相同的成分,如：名词、形容词、动如：名词、形容词、动词、词、介词介词,通常不位于句首。意为通常不位于句首。意为“不不但但而且而且”。第35页/共61页2)prep.相当于相当于besides,in addition to，意，意为为“除除之外之外”,后面通常接名词或动词。后面通常接名词或动词。As well as eating five course meals,
29、they drank two bottles of wine.She sings as well as playing the piano.Helen as well as I is eager to see the performance.第36页/共61页4.So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves,regardless of the cold 因此我们有理由认为他们不顾寒冷住在这些因此我们有理由认为他们不顾寒冷住在这些 洞穴里。洞穴里。1)regardless of 不管不管;不顾不顾 He clim
30、bed the building,regardless of the danger.不管有多危险不管有多危险,他还是爬上了大厦。他还是爬上了大厦。in spite of We will persevere regardless of past failures.尽管以前我们失败过尽管以前我们失败过,但仍要坚持下去。但仍要坚持下去。第37页/共61页2)assume vt.假定假定;设想设想 科学家们设想月球上没有动物。科学家们设想月球上没有动物。_ that there are no animals on the moon.装作装作 她装出一副吃惊的样子。她装出一副吃惊的样子。She _.担任
31、担任,承担承担 我来承担责任。我来承担责任。I _.The scientists assumeassumed a look of surpriseassumed the responsibility第38页/共61页Assume 后多跟名词后多跟名词,宾语宾语+to be+n./adj.that 从句。从句。Assuming 放在句首放在句首,表一种猜测。表一种猜测。e.g.Assuming it rains tomorrow,what shall we do?假如明天下雨假如明天下雨,我们该做什么呢？我们该做什么呢？扩展扩展:assumption n.make an assumption第3
32、9页/共61页5.That would have kept them warm,cooked the food and scared wild animals away as well.他们用这火取暖、做饭他们用这火取暖、做饭,还能用火吓跑野兽。还能用火吓跑野兽。1)would 表示猜测表示猜测,译为译为“想必想必”、“肯定会肯定会”如果汽车当时翻到悬崖下如果汽车当时翻到悬崖下,他们早就丧命了。他们早就丧命了。_ if the car had gone over the cliff.They would have been killed第40页/共61页2)keep them warm为为ke
33、ep+宾语宾语+宾语宾语补足语的结构意为补足语的结构意为“使使处于某种状态处于某种状态(情况情况)”。用作宾语补足语常见的词有。用作宾语补足语常见的词有现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词以及介词短语。以及介词短语。He kept me waiting for half an hour.Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.第41页/共61页6.We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick,which suggests that they migh
34、t have kept the fire burning all winter.我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰,几乎有六米厚几乎有六米厚,这说明他们可能整个冬季都在烧火。这说明他们可能整个冬季都在烧火。1)have been excavating 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时,意思是一直在挖意思是一直在挖,表示过去发生的动作一直表示过去发生的动作一直不间断地进行到现在不间断地进行到现在,强调动作的继续。强调动作的继续。第42页/共61页I have been looking for my lost book for three days,but I still haven
35、t found it我已经找了三天我丢的书我已经找了三天我丢的书,但仍没找到。但仍没找到。She has been sweeping the street all day.She is too tired.她一整天都在扫大街她一整天都在扫大街,她太累了。她太累了。We have been waiting for you for two hours.We dont want to wait any longer.我们已经等你两个小时了我们已经等你两个小时了,不想再等了。不想再等了。第43页/共61页2)句中句中“which”用来引导非限制性定语从句用来引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为其前的句子。先
36、行词为其前的句子。3)suggest vt.to make evident indirectly;imply 意为意为“暗示暗示,意味意味,表明表明”Her pale face suggests that she was ill.她苍白的脸色表明她病了。她苍白的脸色表明她病了。The handwriting of the letter suggests that the letter might be from a lady 从书信的字体上看从书信的字体上看,写信人是一位女性。写信人是一位女性。第44页/共61页A silence suggested disapproval.沉默暗示着反对。沉
37、默暗示着反对。His face suggests he is happy now从他脸上能看出他现在很幸福。从他脸上能看出他现在很幸福。His bad manners suggest a lack of family education他的无礼反映了他缺乏家教。他的无礼反映了他缺乏家教。第45页/共61页但当但当suggest作作“建议建议”讲时讲时,其用法为其用法为:suggest+doingI suggest her going home at once我建议她马上回家。我建议她马上回家。suggest+(that)should doI suggested(that)she(should)
38、go home at once.我建议她要马上回家。我建议她要马上回家。第46页/共61页-How do you _ we go to Beijing for our holidays?-I think wed better fly there.Its much more comfortable.A.insist B.want C.suppose D.suggestD 第47页/共61页4)might have doneA:Where was your sister?I didnt see her at the partyB:She might have gone swimming with
39、some friendsA:你姐姐上哪儿去了你姐姐上哪儿去了?聚会时我没见到她。聚会时我没见到她。B:她可能和朋友游泳去了。她可能和朋友游泳去了。第48页/共61页7.sharpen vt.使锋利，尖锐；使强烈使锋利，尖锐；使强烈 The knife needs sharpening.The tone of his letters has sharpened recently.sharp adj.锋利的锋利的,尖锐的尖锐的;急转的急转的,陡峭陡峭;突然的突然的,急剧急剧 a sharp turn 急转弯急转弯 a sharp increase 急剧增加急剧增加第49页/共61页8.cut up
40、 切碎切碎工人将木头劈碎。工人将木头劈碎。_.早期人类用石器切割动物。早期人类用石器切割动物。Early man _ animals.cup down 砍倒砍倒;削减削减cut away 切掉切掉;剪掉剪掉;跑开跑开cut in 插嘴插嘴;突然插入突然插入;超车超车cut off 切断切断,断绝断绝cut through 刺穿刺穿;抄近路通过抄近路通过The worker cut up the woodused stone tools to cut up第50页/共61页9.Yes and so well preserved 还保存得如此完好。还保存得如此完好。这是省略的句子这是省略的句子,完
41、整句应是完整句应是:and it is so well preserved(it指指necklace)preserve vt.1)保存保存;保护保护;收藏收藏e.g.You can preserve meat or fish in salt.你可以用盐来保存肉或鱼。你可以用盐来保存肉或鱼。第51页/共61页2)保持保持;维持维持e.g.It is one of the duties of the police to preservepublic order.警察的职责之一是维持公共秩序。警察的职责之一是维持公共秩序。相关短语相关短语:preserve sb./sth.保护某人保护某人/保存某物
42、保存某物preserve sth.(for sth.)保存保存/保留某物以保留某物以preserve sb.(from sb./sth.)保护某人以免保护某人以免preservation n.第52页/共61页10.Yes,indeed,as the botanical analyses have been specifically showing us,all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake确实确实,正如植物学分析具体显示给我们的那样正如植物学分析具体显示给我们的那样,附近所有的土地都曾是大型浅湖的
43、一部分。附近所有的土地都曾是大型浅湖的一部分。1)as引导的非限制性定语从句常译作引导的非限制性定语从句常译作“正如正如 那样那样”。As the proverb goes,“The enemy in disguise is just like the wolf in sheeps clothing.”正如谚语所说的那样正如谚语所说的那样,伪装的敌人就像是披着伪装的敌人就像是披着 羊皮的狼。羊皮的狼。第53页/共61页2)analysis n.(pl analysis)分析分析I was very much pleased by your analysis of the situation.我
44、非常满意你对形势的分析。我非常满意你对形势的分析。3)part 前无形容词时前无形容词时,修饰不可数名词，前面修饰不可数名词，前面不用冠词；其前有形容词时，修饰可数名词，不用冠词；其前有形容词时，修饰可数名词，要用冠词。要用冠词。The blues has been part of African American culture since then and it is still an important part of American culture自从那以后布鲁斯就已经是非美文化的一部分自从那以后布鲁斯就已经是非美文化的一部分,而且现在仍是美国文化的重要部分。而且现在仍是美国文化的重
45、要部分。第54页/共61页try a tentative guess show sb around be aware thatregardless ofscare sth/sb awaykeepdoingcut upcare abouton ones journey(to sp)尝试尝试,猜测猜测领领到处看到处看意识到意识到不管不管,不顾不顾把把吓走吓走使使一直一直切碎切碎关心关心,在意在意在途中在途中Phrases 第55页/共61页 继续继续,保持保持,遵守遵守 继续继续 不接近不接近;不接触不接触 隐瞒隐瞒;不告诉不告诉 使使不进入不进入;留在外边留在外边keep upkeep onke
46、ep offkeep backkeep out sth第56页/共61页1.Dont interrupt him while he is giving a speech.2.I didnt see your car,so I assumed that you had gone out.3.Higgins kept talking about Eliza,regardless of her feelings.Guess the meanings of the new words.(stop sb.speaking)(think something is true)(pay no attentio
47、n to)第57页/共61页4.You had better sharpen the knife before cutting the meat with it.5.We get ample food and clothing by working hard with our own hands.6.Primitive men lived in caves.7.We should preserve our eyesight.(make sth.sharp)(more than enough)(at the early stage)(protect)第58页/共61页Homework1.Go over the text.2.Write a brief introduction to the Zhoukoudian Caves.3.Find out the useful words and expressions in the dialogue.第59页/共61页第60页/共61页感谢您的观看。第61页/共61页