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1、大学英语四级阅读理解部分篇章阅读要求体裁方面1.议论文2.说明文3.新闻评述4.记叙文题材方面1.人文科学2.自然科学题材评述梳理把握广泛多样的题材，是梳理把握广泛多样的题材，是“知己知彼知己知彼”的第一的第一步。以下是近五年阅读命题题材分布情况。步。以下是近五年阅读命题题材分布情况。文化教育文化教育 2007.6 2007.6 学习写作学习写作 2007.12 2007.12 远程教育远程教育 2009.12 2009.12 大学招聘美国高层管理人才原因大学招聘美国高层管理人才原因科技环保科技环保 2008.6 2008.6 全球变暖全球变暖 2009.6 2009.6 环保时装，环保时装，
2、一滴水一个世界一滴水一个世界 2010.6 2010.6 黑匣子的功能黑匣子的功能热点新闻热点新闻 2007.6 2007.6 性别歧视性别歧视题材评述经济商贸经济商贸 2006.12 2006.12 瓶装水的成功推广瓶装水的成功推广 2008.12 2008.12 商店如何应对顾客投诉商店如何应对顾客投诉生命健康生命健康 2006.12 2006.12 健康新解健康新解 2008.12 2008.12 男性比女性更易得病男性比女性更易得病社会生活社会生活 2008.6 2008.6 保护隐私保护隐私 2007.12 2007.12 子女教育子女教育 2009.12 2009.12 美国黑人女
3、性形象美国黑人女性形象 2010.6 2010.6 正面思维与负面思维正面思维与负面思维 2010.12 2010.12 人们工作角色转变的原因人们工作角色转变的原因 婚姻与长寿婚姻与长寿识别文体说明文（最常见）说明文（最常见）第一句通常为主题句第一句通常为主题句结构：结构：提出问题提出问题分析问题分析问题解决问题解决问题格式：格式：比较，比较，对照，分类，列举。对照，分类，列举。Tip.Tip.抓住文章主题，同时把握个层次的要点。抓住文章主题，同时把握个层次的要点。议论文议论文 论点论点-论据论据Tips.Tips.抓住论点，论据，明确作者论证方法是归纳还是演绎抓住论点，论据，明确作者论证方
4、法是归纳还是演绎抓住表示因果抓住表示因果because,as a result,thereforebecause,as a result,therefore，递进，递进moreover,in moreover,in additionaddition，转折，转折but,howeverbut,however等的信号词等的信号词注意作者使用的表达赞同反对等感情色彩的形容词，副词或句型。注意作者使用的表达赞同反对等感情色彩的形容词，副词或句型。长难句 从真题一篇阅读理解的首句也可以看出四级从真题一篇阅读理解的首句也可以看出四级阅读中部分句子的结构的复杂程度。阅读中部分句子的结构的复杂程度。A brea
5、kthrough(A breakthrough(突破突破)in the provision of in the provision of energy from the sun for the European energy from the sun for the European Economic Communities)Economic Communities)could be brought could be brought forward forward by up to two decades,if a modest by up to two decades,if a modest
6、 increase could be provided in the EECs increase could be provided in the EECs research effort in this field,according to senior research effort in this field,according to senior EEC scientists engaged in experiments in EEC scientists engaged in experiments in solar energy at EECs scientific laborat
7、ories at solar energy at EECs scientific laboratories at Ispra,near Milan.Ispra,near Milan.长难句 实用的原则：修饰成分全找出来之后，用括号把每个修饰成分括起来，留在括号外面的就是主干 然后，按照一般顺序，谓语在前，宾语（或表语）在后，这样我们就有了主谓宾（或主系表）的主干结构了最后把修饰成分按对应的位置加上去，整个句子的结构就把握住了。长难句常涉及的类型1.1.双重否定句双重否定句 负负得正，把两个表示否定的结负负得正，把两个表示否定的结构都去掉。构都去掉。No,not,hardly,seldom,ne
8、ver little,No,not,hardly,seldom,never little,few,small few,small 应注意的词根词缀应注意的词根词缀 de-/dis-/un-de-/dis-/un-/in-/in-There are probably There are probably nono questions(that)we can questions(that)we can think up that think up that cantcant be answered,sooner or be answered,sooner or later,including ev
9、en the matter of later,including even the matter of consciousness.consciousness.Answer:Man can find solutions sooner or later Answer:Man can find solutions sooner or later to whatever questions concerning nature he to whatever questions concerning nature he can think up.can think up.长难句常涉及的类型 2.2.分词
10、做状语类分词做状语类 （主干，现在分词、过去分词）（主干，现在分词、过去分词）Eg.1 Motivated in part by Christian compassion for the helpless as well Eg.1 Motivated in part by Christian compassion for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse to undercut the support of the socialist as a practical political impulse to undercu
11、t the support of the socialist labor movement,Chancellor Bismarck created the worlds first workers labor movement,Chancellor Bismarck created the worlds first workers compensation law in pensation law in 1884.Motivated by-Chancellor BismarkMotivated by-Chancellor BismarkQ:The worlds first compensati
12、on law was introduced by Bismark Q:The worlds first compensation law was introduced by Bismark _Answer:out of religious and political considerations.Answer:out of religious and political considerations.Eg.2 08.1 66Eg.2 08.1 66解决方法：理清主动和被动关系。一般来说现在分词与解决方法：理清主动和被动关系。一般来说现在分词与解决方法：理清主动和被动关系。一般来说现在分词与解决
13、方法：理清主动和被动关系。一般来说现在分词与主语之间是主动关系；而过去分词与主语之间是被动关主语之间是主动关系；而过去分词与主语之间是被动关主语之间是主动关系；而过去分词与主语之间是被动关主语之间是主动关系；而过去分词与主语之间是被动关系。系。系。系。长难句常涉及的类型3.定语从句类规律：找真正的谓语动词时，如果定语从句修饰主语，找第二个可以做谓语的动词，第一个是属于定语从句的谓语动词。Tips.先括出定语从句部分，跳出从句，抓住主干再解题。The mother of the young man Wilde was intimate with accused him at the banque
14、t of sexually influencing her son.长难句常涉及的类型4.4.倒装句类倒装句类类型类型 1 1）only/not only/nor/neitheronly/not only/nor/neither在句首在句首2 2）介词短语在句首）介词短语在句首 较难较难Example:Along with them goes social mobility,Example:Along with them goes social mobility,ambition to rise in the urban world,a main factor ambition to rise
15、 in the urban world,a main factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the 19th in bringing down the births in Europe in the 19th century.century.找主语找主语 along with-prep them-objective along with-prep them-objective form so,social mobility form so,social mobility 后面两个同位语后面两个同位语Tips:Tips:分析词性找出谓语与
16、主语，将主语调至谓语分析词性找出谓语与主语，将主语调至谓语之前再理解文章。之前再理解文章。长难句涉及的类型 5.强调句型 It isthat 应对方法：多训练，熟悉句式，把读到过的四级文章中的所有的看不懂的长难句全部总结起来，摘抄到一个本子上面，翻译。当翻译到100句的时候，会发现长难句不过那么五六种。当看到101句的时候，你会马上给它归类。命题考点及规律 1、列举处常考 列举处指的是First,，second,，Third,等逐步列出，然后要求考生从列举出的内容中，选出符合题干要求的答案项。该考点常出题型是细节事实题。命题考点及规律例例1.1.原文：原文：The third big diff
17、erence between the drama detective and The third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures:the real one is the unpleasant pressures:firstly,as members firstly,as members of a police force they always have to behave absolutely in of a police force they al
18、ways have to behave absolutely in accordance with the law accordance with the law.Secondly,as expensive public.Secondly,as expensive public servants they have to get results.They can hardly do both.servants they have to get results.They can hardly do both.Most of the time some of them have to break
19、the rules in small Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.ways.Q:Whats the policemans biggest headache?Q:Whats the policemans biggest headache?(A)He has to get the most desirable results without breaking (A)He has to get the most desirable results without breaking the la
20、w in any way.the law in any way.(B)He has to justify his arrests while unable to provide (B)He has to justify his arrests while unable to provide sufficient evidence in most cases.sufficient evidence in most cases.(C)He can hardly find enough time to learn criminal law while (C)He can hardly find en
21、ough time to learn criminal law while burdened with numerous criminal cases.burdened with numerous criminal cases.(D)He has to provide the best possible public service at the (D)He has to provide the best possible public service at the least possible expense.least possible expense.(分析：选分析：选A A。属事实细节
22、题。依据文章，与电影中的警察很不相同的是，现实中警。属事实细节题。依据文章，与电影中的警察很不相同的是，现实中警察既要绝对遵守法（察既要绝对遵守法（firstly,firstly,）,又要及时破案（又要及时破案（secondly,secondly,）,这令他们很难两头兼顾，有时只有犯这令他们很难两头兼顾，有时只有犯规。很明显，规。很明显，B B、C C、D D三项都与文章内容不符。三项都与文章内容不符。)命题考点及规律2.强调处、绝对处、最高处 the only only在句首做状语It is that must all,anyone,never,most,sole,just,simply,u
23、nique08.6 66 61 2010.6 58 best2010.6 61 only命题考点及规律 3 3、举例子打比喻的地方常考、举例子打比喻的地方常考 为了使自己的观点更有说服力、更加明确，作者为了使自己的观点更有说服力、更加明确，作者经常用具体的例子打比方，句中常由经常用具体的例子打比方，句中常由as,such as,as,such as,for example,for instance,as an illustration,that for example,for instance,as an illustration,that is,to name a few,as follow
24、sis,to name a few,as follows等引导的短语或句子等引导的短语或句子作为举例句，这些例句或比喻成为命题者提问的作为举例句，这些例句或比喻成为命题者提问的焦点。考生需注意的是例子或比喻一般是和文章焦点。考生需注意的是例子或比喻一般是和文章或段落中心紧密相关的，常以或段落中心紧密相关的，常以“细节事实性细节事实性”题题型和型和“推断性推断性”题型出现，但偏倾于题型出现，但偏倾于“推断性推断性”题型。题型。关注其前或后总结性的句子关注其前或后总结性的句子 .答案基本符合答案基本符合“中心思想即是答案的解题思路中心思想即是答案的解题思路”命题考点及规律 4.4.特殊标点处特殊标
25、点处 破折号，冒号，引号等破折号，冒号，引号等作者为了正确表达出自己观点或使论点更有依据，常常引作者为了正确表达出自己观点或使论点更有依据，常常引用某名人的论断或重要发现等。命题者常在此作文章。多用某名人的论断或重要发现等。命题者常在此作文章。多以以“推理性推理性”题为主，有时也出题为主，有时也出“细节事实性细节事实性”题型。题型。例例There is a senseless notion that children grew up There is a senseless notion that children grew up and leave home when theyre 18,a
26、nd the truth is far and leave home when theyre 18,and the truth is far from that,says sociologist Larry Bumpers of the from that,says sociologist Larry Bumpers of the University of Wisconsin.University of Wisconsin.Q:There was apparently a trend in the USA _ Q:There was apparently a trend in the USA
27、 _ 命题考点及规律 5、转折处与强对比处常考 however,nevertheless,in contrast,otherwise,on the other hand,by comparison,but,yet,while,although,whereas,even if,likewise,similarly,in the same way,in the same manner,as if,as2010.6 59命题考点及规律 6.主题句处 段首段尾处 主旨题、态度题较多7.因果关系处 信号词 for this reason,for,as,because,since,as a result
28、of,owing to,thanks to,due to,as a result,therefore,consequently,thus,accordingly,so命题考点及规律8.定义结论处In my opinion,my view is,as I see,conclude 通常考查文章的中心观点或引用的观点9.数字年代处 关注数字、年份 常出现于细节题命题考点及规律 10.10.复杂句常考复杂句常考 复杂句常是命题者出题之处，包括同位语、插入复杂句常是命题者出题之处，包括同位语、插入语、定语、长句后半句，从句、不定式、副词等，语、定语、长句后半句，从句、不定式、副词等，命题者主要考查考生
29、对句子之间指代关系。命题者主要考查考生对句子之间指代关系。一般来说，备选项的长度不会超过一般来说，备选项的长度不会超过1515个单词，这个单词，这就意味着长难句中的大部分信息只是起干扰作用。就意味着长难句中的大部分信息只是起干扰作用。要找到真正与答题相关的信息，关键在于根据题要找到真正与答题相关的信息，关键在于根据题干信息在长难句的内部进行定位，然后从备选项干信息在长难句的内部进行定位，然后从备选项中找出意思一致的答案。中找出意思一致的答案。ExampleBut my own worry is less that of the overwhelming But my own worry is
30、less that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader,of his unwilli
31、ngness to afford the middle-class reader,of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence,those luxuries of domesticity those spaces of silence,those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration,that surround the image of and time and concentration,that surround the image of the classic
32、act of readingthe classic act of reading.32.The authors biggest concern is _.32.The authors biggest concern is _.Concern-worry biggestlessthanConcern-worry biggestlessthanD.D.the reading abilitythe reading ability and and reading behaviorreading behavior of the middle of the middle class.class.skill
33、 skill act of reading act of reading 篇章阅读要求题型介绍1.事实细节题2.推理判断题3.语义理解题4.主旨大意题5.观点态度题事实细节题通常从一个句子中找到答案 提问方式：提问方式：灵活多样，涉及短文的各种细节，如时间 地点原因结果方式等理解要点：理解要点：具体信息和概念性含义解题步骤：解题步骤：定位分析和选项分析事实细节题步骤：步骤：步骤：步骤：1.1.准确定位准确定位准确定位准确定位 1 1）关键词）关键词）关键词）关键词-A-A。专有名词专有名词专有名词专有名词 （人名，地名）（人名，地名）（人名，地名）（人名，地名）B B。比较明显的描述性。比较明
34、显的描述性。比较明显的描述性。比较明显的描述性词汇词汇词汇词汇C C。副词、形容词，尤其一些程度词，比较词。副词、形容词，尤其一些程度词，比较词。副词、形容词，尤其一些程度词，比较词。副词、形容词，尤其一些程度词，比较词。D.D.特殊印刷字体特殊印刷字体特殊印刷字体特殊印刷字体 及其同义替换及其同义替换及其同义替换及其同义替换Eg.1Eg.1According to the passage,people often According to the passage,people often wrongly believewrongly believe that in pursuing a th
35、at in pursuing a careercareer as a manager as a manager _._.原文：原文：原文：原文：A few common A few common misconceptions.misconceptions.Beauty is only skin-deep.Ones Beauty is only skin-deep.Ones physical assets dont count all that much in a physical assets dont count all that much in a managerial careerman
36、agerial career.（make every day countmake every day count）Eg.2Eg.2The author The author endsends the passage with the implication that _.the passage with the implication that _.Starts.Why-middle (put forward question-analyze-solve)solutionendStarts.Why-middle (put forward question-analyze-solve)solut
37、ionend2)2)顺序定位顺序定位顺序定位顺序定位 例例例例：36.36.。the years 1976-1978 37.What influences the the years 1976-1978 37.What influences the birth rate most in the United States is(the US birth rate most in the United States is(the US 整个选材依据，不能作为关键词整个选材依据，不能作为关键词整个选材依据，不能作为关键词整个选材依据，不能作为关键词).).38.The sentence“”(Lin
38、e 4,Para 2)38.The sentence“”(Line 4,Para 2)事实细节题2.选项分析选项分析同义替换同义替换 （很少原文照搬）（很少原文照搬）B.a persons outward appearance is not a critical qualification.排除干扰项排除干扰项-联系主题 事实细节题干扰项特征：干扰项特征：干扰项特征：干扰项特征：1 1）偷梁换柱偷梁换柱偷梁换柱偷梁换柱 越像的越不对越像的越不对越像的越不对越像的越不对 十个单词有九十个单词有九十个单词有九十个单词有九个与原文一致，只有一个不一样。个与原文一致，只有一个不一样。个与原文一致，只有
39、一个不一样。个与原文一致，只有一个不一样。2 2）他处细节）他处细节）他处细节）他处细节The idea of“improvement factor”(para.3 line 8)The idea of“improvement factor”(para.3 line 8)implies roughly:implies roughly:A.wages should be paid on the basis of length of A.wages should be paid on the basis of length of service(P.3,L.7)service(P.3,L.7)B.
40、(P.3,L.8)B.(P.3,L.8)C.(P.3,L2)C.(P.3,L2)D.(P.2,L6)D.(P.2,L6)距离远的免谈。距离远的免谈。距离远的免谈。距离远的免谈。A,C.DA,C.D细节题的常考点举例、列举处。关键词：举例、列举处。关键词：for example,such as,firstly,on for example,such as,firstly,on the other hand,in addition not onlybut alsothe other hand,in addition not onlybut also 例证题例证题 example example 看
41、不懂没关系，收索例证周围区域，看不懂没关系，收索例证周围区域，10%10%向下，向下，90%90%向上向上 Eg.Eg.It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because onceOne thing,because onceOne thing,however,however,is certain:your is certain:your chances of getting the raise you feel you
42、deserve are chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you dont at least ask for it.Men tend to ask for less if you dont at least ask for it.Men tend to ask for more,and they get more,and this holds true with other more,and they get more,and this holds true with other resources,no
43、t just pay increase.resources,not just pay increase.Consider Beths story:Consider Beths story:I did not get what I wanted when I didnt ask for it.I did not get what I wanted when I didnt ask for it.58.What can be inferred from Beths story?58.What can be inferred from Beths story?A.If people want wha
44、t they deserve,they have to ask for itl A.If people want what they deserve,they have to ask for itl 细节题的常考点 特殊标点处特殊标点处 如引号、冒号、破折号如引号、冒号、破折号 08.1 6408.1 64 2007.1 62 2006.6 65 2006.1 62 2007.1 62 2006.6 65 2006.1 62 07.1 07.1 原文原文As we have seen,the focus of medical care in our society has As we have
45、 seen,the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease-been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease-especially-especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behavior,such as poor in terms of changing our many unhealthy behavior,such
46、 as poor eating habits,smoking,and failure to exercise.eating habits,smoking,and failure to exercise.62.Today medical care is placing more stress on _.62.Today medical care is placing more stress on _.A.keeping people in a healthy physical condition A.keeping people in a healthy physical conditionB.
47、Monitoring patients body functionsB.Monitoring patients body functionsC.Removing peoples bad living habits.C.Removing peoples bad living habits.D.Ensuring peoples psychological well-being.D.Ensuring peoples psychological well-being.细节题的常考点 指代关系指代关系 关键词如：关键词如：it,that these those they it,that these th
48、ose they 08.1 5708.1 57例：例：08.1 08.1 原文原文 By almost any measure,there is a boom in Internet-based By almost any measure,there is a boom in Internet-based instructioninstruction.In just a few years,34 percent of American universities have.In just a few years,34 percent of American universities have b
49、egun offering some form of distance learning.And among the larger begun offering some form of distance learning.And among the larger schools,its closer to 90 percent.If you doubt the popularity of the trend,schools,its closer to 90 percent.If you doubt the popularity of the trend,you probably havent
50、 heard of the University of Phoenix.you probably havent heard of the University of Phoenix.It grants degrees It grants degrees entirely on the basis of online instructionentirely on the basis of online instruction.It enrolls 90,000students,statistic.It enrolls 90,000students,statistic used to suppor