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1、人教版人教版-book-8-unit3-inventors-and-inventions-ReadingIf you wish to succeed,you should use persistence as your good friend,experience as your reference,prudence as your brother and hope as your sentry.Thomas Alva Edison如果你希望成功，当以恒心为良友，以经验为参谋，以谨慎为兄弟，以希望为哨兵。爱迪生Thomas Edison invented the electric bulb.W
2、hy are they famous?Why are they famous?Issac NewtondiscoveredgravityWhy are they famous?Benjamin FranklindiscoveredLightning is electricityWhy are they famous?Benjamin FranklindiscoveredLightning is electricityinventions or discoveries?An amphibious car Stephensons“Rocket”An amphibious car(2003)This
3、 is the first car that can travel safely on water and on land.When moving on water,the wheels of the car turn sideways and move into the body.The underneath of the car is strong enough to sail as a boat.It is a prototype and is not yet being produced for sale.This is an interesting modern invention.
4、Stephensons“Rocket”(1781-1848)George Stephenson was one of the first men to design engines for the railways which were new at that time.One of the first tracks to be laid was between Stockton and Darlington.Stephenson was one of the first railway engineers and in 1825 he drove the first train along
5、the line.DNAWork out the rules that will help you decide what a discovery is and what an invention is.The structure of DNAThis was discovery of Francis Crick and James Watson and published in 1953.These two scientist were the first to show that our genes consist of two spirals of DNA(called the doub
6、le-helix).This work led directly to the human genome project in 2003,which discovered the Structure of DNA.What is an invention?An invention is something that created by human being,such as the lighting rod.Inventing is a scientific activity.What is a discovery?A discovery merely makes known somethi
7、ng that already exist in nature,such as the discovery on the New Continent by Columbia.What are the important inventions of the 20th century?Which do you think is the most important one?Do you know the stages every inventor must go through before they can have their invention approved?Inventing is a
8、 scientific activity and so follows similar stages to those used in scientific research.Look at the following list and work out a suitable order.1.Applying for a patent2.2.Finding a problem 3.Doing research 4.Testing the solution 5.Thinking of a creative solution 6.Deciding on the invention The prob
9、lem of the snakesThe text narrates _ and presents _and applying for _.the problem of the snakesthe procedures of catching them Read the text quickly and complete its main idea.a patent Divide the passage into several parts and find out the main idea for each paragraph.Part 1(para.1)The discovery of
10、the problem of the snakes.Part 2(para.2)Doing some research about the habits of snakes.Part 3(para.3)Deciding on the solutionPart 4(para.4-6)The attempts to catch the snakesPart 5(para.7-8)the requirements of getting a patentListen to the recorded the text,then try to answer the questions.1.What ups
11、et the authors mother?The snakes.2.How many times did the author attempt to remove the snakes?Three times.3.What did the author do after he successfully get rid of the snakes?To apply for a patent.Read the text carefully and fill in the blanks.Finding a problemThe writers mother found some snakes in
12、 the _,which came near the house now and then,and she expected the writer to remove the snakes without _ them.Doing researchThe writer set out to research the _ of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them.harminghabitscourtyardThinking of a creative solutionThree possible approaches:removing the
13、snakes _ attracting the snakes into a _ using male or female perfume or food _ the snakes so that they would become sleepy and could be easily caughtI decided to use the _ approach.habitattrapcoolinglast/thirdTesting the solution：Three attemptsThe first attempt:early the next morning the writer put
14、a(an)_ bowl over the snakes _and some _ on top of the bowl.She covered them with a large _.Two hours later,though the snakes were less _,they escaped quickly when she tried to catch them.frozenhabitatice-cubesbucketactiveTesting the solution：Three attemptsThe second attempt:The writer froze the bowl
15、 and the ice-cubes again but placed them over the snakes habitat in the _.Early the next morning the snakes looked very _,but when she picked them up,they tried to _ her.eveningsleepybiteTesting the solution：Three attemptsThe third attempt:The next morning the writer repeated the _ attempt.She used
16、a small _ to protect herself from being bitten and finally collected the passive snakes.They merrily _ the snakes all back into the wild the next day.secondnetreleasedApplying for a_The writer filled in the form and filed her _ with the Patent Office.The patent office makes a search to check that yo
17、ur product really is _ from everyone elses.Patent examiners examine whether your claim is _ or not.Your application for a patent will be published _ months from the date you apply if your claim passes all the tests.patentdifferentvalid18patent application1.Why did cooling the snakes make them less a
18、ctive?A.Because snakes are warm-blooded animals.B.Because snakes like high temperature.C.Because snakes are reptiles and their body temperature depends on the heat around them.CRead the text carefully and choose the best answer.2.Which of the following may get a patent according to the text?A.A comp
19、uter programme.B.A new animal variety.C.A work of literature.D.A truly novel and useful invention.D3.The purpose in writing this text is _.A.to show us how to trap the snakes but not to kill themB.to tell people how to apply for a patent of the writers new ideaC.to introduce the writers new idea of
20、trapping the snakes and her application for a patentD.to tell the readers how to get a new idea and make it a patentC4.The biggest advantage of the writers new idea is that _.A.it makes the snakes move slowlyB.it makes the snakes hardly bite usC.it is easier for us to kill the snakes without hurting
21、 ourselvesD.it is easier for us to catch the snakes without killing themD5.Which statement is true according to the text?A.The snakes were so sleepy in the second attempt that they couldnt bite the writer at all.B.Your product must be different from everybody elses if you want to receive a patent.C.
22、The writer decided to send her invention to the patent office the moment she succeeded in catching the snakes.D.If an application for your product proves to be valid,you can get a patent immediately.BPost-readingWhat are the requirements of the character of an inventor?Can you give some details in t
23、he text to support your idea?For example:patient&persistent The author tried three times and finally he succeeded.hardworking,creative,careful,curious1.Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.2.这回我有机会来表现一下自己了。我要发明这回我有机会
24、来表现一下自己了。我要发明某种仁慈的东西。既可以把蛇捉住，而又不某种仁慈的东西。既可以把蛇捉住，而又不会伤害它们。会伤害它们。How to translate these sentences?How to translate these sentences?2.The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me,but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.省略了关系代词省略了关系代词that的定从的定从过去分词短语
25、作后置定语，修饰过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰_powderFive people won the“Chinas Green Figure”award,a title _ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.A.being givenB.is given C.given D.was given 点拨点拨 由逗号之前是一个完整的句子和由逗号之前是一个完整的句子和逗号之后无连接词逗号之后无连接词,可知逗号后面不是可知逗号后面不是一个句子一个句子,排除排除B、D;而而 give与与a title之
26、间构成逻辑上的动宾关系之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系,故选故选C。3.Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly,which freezes when cooled.分析分析 a.本句的主干是：本句的主干是：_。b.which引导非限制性定语从句，其中引导非限制性定语从句，其中which指代先行词指代先行词 _,并在从句中并在从句中作主语。作主语。jellythere is some jellyc.when cooled是是“连词连词+分词分词”形式，形式，是一种省略，完整的表达是是一种省略，完整的
27、表达是_。英语中，如果英语中，如果状语从句中状语从句中的主语与主句的主语相同，的主语与主句的主语相同，谓语动词是谓语动词是be时，则常可省略成时，则常可省略成“连连词词+分词分词”形式。形式。“连词连词+动词动词-ing形形式式”表示主动；表示主动；“连词连词+过去分词过去分词”表表示被动。示被动。when it is cooled4.But monitored carefully,the snakes proved to be no trouble and all went according to plan.但经过仔细的监视，证明这些蛇不会惹麻但经过仔细的监视，证明这些蛇不会惹麻烦，一切都
28、按计划进行着。烦，一切都按计划进行着。How to translate these sentences?How to translate these sentences?5.Pressed by my friends and relations,I decided to seize the opportunity to get recognition for my successful idea by sending my invention to the patent office.由于朋友和亲戚的敦促，我决定抓住这次由于朋友和亲戚的敦促，我决定抓住这次机会把我的发明送到专利局去机会把我的发
29、明送到专利局去，请他们对我这次成功的思路给予认可。How to translate these sentences?How to translate these sentences?6.Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.只有你得到这种承认只有你得到这种承认,你才能说你是真你才能说你是真正的一个发明家。正的一个发明家。only 修饰状语置于句首，主句需用倒修饰状语置于句首，主句需用倒装语序。装语序。e.g.Only by working hard can we p
30、ass the exams.7.The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.分析分析 a.本句的主句是本句的主句是The criteria are so strict,从句是从句是that引导的结果状语从句。引导的结果状语从句。b.从句中从句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是是形式主语，真正的主语是_;该从句中还该从句中还有一个由有一个由unless引导的条件状语从句。引导的条件状语从句。to get new ideas accepted8
31、.Nor will you receive a patent until a search has made to find out that your product really is different from everyone elses.你的产品要经过仔细调查你的产品要经过仔细调查,证明它确证明它确 实与众不同实与众不同,你才能获得专利。你才能获得专利。a.本句的主句本句的主句Nor will you receive a patent是个倒装句，是个倒装句，nor位于句首位于句首时，句子用倒装。时，句子用倒装。b.从句是从句是until引导的时间状语从句。引导的时间状语从句。c.时
32、间状语从句中包含一个由时间状语从句中包含一个由that引引导的宾语从句，作导的宾语从句，作find out的宾的宾 语。语。如果你决定不参加会议，我也不参加。如果你决定不参加会议，我也不参加。_If you decide not to attend the meeting,nor will I.9.Now its a matter of waiting and hoping,youll know if I succeed by the size of my bank balance!现在就是等待和期盼了。将来你看看我现在就是等待和期盼了。将来你看看我的银行结余金额就会知道我是否成功了。的银行结
33、余金额就会知道我是否成功了。Apply what we learn:In pairs look at the following problems.Choose one and use the scientific stages to design a new invention to solve it.Remember to include one change to your invention in case it doesnt work the first time.Problem 1:the ripe apples on your apple tree are too high fo
34、r you to reach.What can you invent to pick the apples in comfort?Problem 2:You need to make a house but you only have strings,glue,fishing nets and many plastic bottles.How can you solve it?Problem 3:You want to catch fish but not hurt them when you do so.Design a fishing rod that will solve this pr
35、oblem.Give your examples of each category and fill in the blanks.Work out the connections between them.DiscoveriesInventions1.Electricity1.Systems of delivering electrical light and heating to homes and offices2.Household machines for washing,ironing,keeping food cold,etc.3.Computers,telephones,tele
36、vision,etc.DiscoveriesInventions2.The movement of air1.Airplane jet engines2.Air balloons,etcMachines to help people with serious disease(like kidney failure)3.The circulation of the bloodDiscoveriesInventions4.X-rays1.Body scanners to see whether you are ill2.2.Machines to treat illnesses(like cancer)Discoveries often lead to inventions.谢谢大家！