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1、Unit 1Understanding Cultural Differences1.What is the time orientation of future-orientated culture?2.What is the hospitality difference between the Chinese culture and the Western cultures?3.Have you ever heard of culture shock?What are the causes?Activity 1 Read More About Understanding Cultural D
2、ifferencesUnit 1 Understanding Cultural DifferencesSection 1 More Things to DoSection 1 More Things to DoUnit 1 Understanding Cultural DifferencesSection 1 More Things to DoSection 1 More Things to DoA Glance at the Cultural Differences between Chinese and Western Cultures With Chinas accession to t
3、he WTO and the advance of economic globalization,the intercultural communications between China and other countries in the world are becoming more and more frequent.Knowing the cultural differences will be very helpful in todays competitive global market.The following are some of the differences bet
4、ween Chinese and western culturesaccession n.增加；到达 globalization n.全 球化 intercultural a.不 同文化间的 Chinese translation:Unit 1 Understanding Cultural DifferencesSection 1 More Things to DoSection 1 More Things to DoTime Orientation Different cultures perceive time differently.Past-orientated cultures,li
5、ke China,believe strongly in the signifi cance of prior time.History,established religions,and traditions are extremely important to these cultures.As a Chinese proverb advises,“Consider the past and you will know the present”.Cultures that value the past are also more likely to respect the elderly
6、than cultures that value the future.perceive v.察觉；理解；认知 orientated.a.导向 的；定向 的；以为方向 prior a.优先的；在先的，在前的 established a.确定 的；已建立的，已制定的 proverb n.名言；谚语 value v.评价；重视 Chinese translation:Unit 1 Understanding Cultural DifferencesSection 1 More Things to DoSection 1 More Things to Do Latin Americans are p
7、resent-orientated and emphasize living in the moment.These cultures tend to be more impulsive and spontaneous and have a casual,relaxed lifestyle.Future-orientated cultures,such as the one found in the United States,emphasize the future and expect it to be grander and nicer than the present.What is
8、coming next holds the greatest attraction for most Americans because whatever we are doing is not quite as good as what we could be doing.Such view of the future makes Americans optimistic.In addition,future-oriented cultures welcome innovation and change.impulsive a.冲动 的；受感情驱使的 spontaneous a.自发的，自然
9、的 optimistic a.乐观的innovation n.创新Chinese translation:Unit 1 Understanding Cultural DifferencesSection 1 More Things to DoSection 1 More Things to DoHospitality In the west,when a guest is invited to dinner,he or she should arrive on time.Otherwise you should call in advance to inform your host or ho
10、stess of the delay.During a dinner conversation,its customary to compliment the hostess on thewonderful meal.But when being praised,an American hostess would say,“Oh,Im so glad you like it.I cooked it especially for you!”While the Chinese host or hostess would instead apologize for not giving the gu
11、ests anything decent to eat although there may be more than ten dishes on the table!customary a.习惯 的；通常的 compliment v.恭 维；称赞 decent a.得体的；相当好的；正 派 的 Chinese translation:Taboos Different cultures have their own taboos.Lacking this knowledge sometimes will get you into embarrassment or trouble.In the
12、United States and most of the other Christian countries,the number“13”is considered unlucky.According to historians,there were 13 people at Christs Last Supper and Christ was crucified on Friday 13th.So,Friday 13th is considered unlucky.In China,“8”and“9”are often regarded as very lucky numbers whil
13、e“4”is an unlucky one.Because in Chinese“8”and“9”mean“prosperous”and“lasting for a long time”respectively.And“4”is pronounced like“death”in Chinese.In China,one does not give a clock as a gift the sound of the Chinese word is an evil omen.Privacy is very important to the Americans.Therefore asking p
14、ersonal questions(salary,age,religion,etc.)should be avoided.This is the same with the British people.In England,the safe conversational topic is the weather which is often complained about by Britons.(Words:482)Christian a.基督 教 的 crucify v.被钉十字 架；迫害prosperous a.繁荣的；兴旺的 respectively ad.分 别地；各自地；独自地
15、evil omen 不祥之兆Unit 1 Understanding Cultural DifferencesChinese translation:Unit 1 Understanding Cultural DifferencesTask 1 Complete the outline with the information from the passage.Differences between Chinese and Western CulturesTime Orientation Past-orientated cultures:Believe strongly in the sign
16、ificance of 1).More likely to 2)the elderly Present-orientated cultures:Emphasize 3）.More impulsive and spontaneous with a casual,relaxed lifestyle Future-orientated cultures:Emphasize the future Welcome 4).Activity 2 Fulfill the Following Tasks prior time respect living in the moment innovation and
17、 changeUnit 1 Understanding Cultural DifferencesSection 1 More Things to DoSection 1 More Things to DoHospitality At the dinner table:Westerners tend to arrive on time Americans welcome 5).Chinese would 6)for not giving decent foodsTaboos The unlucky number in the West is 7).The unlucky number in Ch
18、ina is 8).Chinese do not 9)as a gift Westerners do not ask about 10).compliments apologize 13 4 give/use a clocksalary,age,religion etc.Unit 1 Understanding Cultural DifferencesTask 2 Match A with B.AB1.跨文化交流2.文化差异 3.注重未来4.陷入困境 5.尊敬老人 6.幸运数字 7.休闲的生活方式8.交谈话题9.私人问题10.经济全球化a.value the future b.respect
19、the elderly c.relaxed lifestyled.economic globalization e.intercultural communication f.personal questions g.get into trouble h.lucky number i.conversational topic j.cultural differencesUnit 1 Understanding Cultural DifferencesTask 3 Fill in the blanks with the right words or phrases.Change the form
20、 where necessary.There are more words than you plain regard.as perceive tend to get into trouble in advance compliment optimistic prosperous in addition1.Some people cannot the difference between red and green.2.Compared with Chinese,Americans spend more than they have.3.If you continue to behave li
21、ke this,you will sooner or later.4.If you travel in the Golden Week,it is advisable that you book the ticket .5.Nowadays more and more people that computers are taking over their jobs.6.In order to keep healthy,you should exercise regularly and ,pay attention to your diet.7.We shouldnt what is possi
22、ble impossible.8.Susan is a very girl and she always looks on the bright side no matter what happens.in advance complain inaddition regard as optimistic perceive tend toget into trouble Unit 1 Understanding Cultural DifferencesActivity 3 Make a SurveyInterview your classmates and try to find out som
23、e of the different traditions and customs.You may ask the following questions:Questions:1.What is the wedding tradition in your hometown?.2.Are there any special customs of the Spring Festival in you hometown?.3.How do you celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival?.4.How do you celebrate the birth of a chil
24、d in your hometown?.5.What are the eating customs in your hometown?.6.What are the taboos in your hometown?.Unit 1 Understanding Cultural DifferencesActivity 4 Write a PassageWrite a short passage to describe the different customs and traditions in your classmates hometown based on the information y
25、ou get in Activity 3.Unit 1 Understanding Cultural DifferencesActivity 5 Translate a ParagraphTranslate the following into Chinese.Both culture and nonverbal behavior need to be learned.Although much of outward behavior is innate(such as smiling,moving,touching and eye contact),we are not born knowi
26、ng the communication dimensions associated with nonverbal messages.Research supports the view that because we are all from one species,a general and common genetic inheritance produces universal facial expressions for most of our basic emotions(for example,fear,happiness,anger,surprise,disgust,and s
27、adness).However,we are born with the capacity to cry,yet what makes us cry and who is allowed to see us cry need to be learned as part of our cultural“education”.Unit 1 Understanding Cultural DifferencesActivity 5 Translate a ParagraphTranslate the following into Chinese.文化和非语言行为都需要习得。尽管许多外在行为（诸如微笑、
28、移动、触摸、目光接触之类）是天生的，我们并非生来就知道那些与非语言信息联系在一起的交际维度。有研究支持如下 观点：由于我们都起源于同一物种，于是一种普遍的、共有的基因遗传就产生了全体人类共 有的一些面部表情来表达我们大多数的基本情感（例如恐惧、快乐、愤怒、惊讶、厌恶及悲 伤）。然而，我们生而会哭，但什么让我们哭以及我们可以让谁看我们哭都需要作为文化“教 育”的部分内容去学习。Unit 1 Understanding Cultural DifferencesSection 2 Reading Skill Exploration:Word Attack SkillSection 2 Reading
29、 Skill Exploration:Word Attack Skill猜测词义（Word Attack Skill）当你在阅读中遇到生词时，你可以通过上下文来猜出词义。上下文包括该句中的其他单 词、该文中的其他句子以及你的常识。上下文提供的线索主要有五种形式：定义与复述；反义词；同义词与近义词；举例；常识。Example:Tornadoes are storms with rapidly rotating winds that form a funnel cloud.由其后的定义可推出，句首单词的含义是“龙卷风”。Unit 1 Understanding Cultural Differenc
30、esPractice:Read the following sentences carefully and guess the meaning of the italicized words.Then translate them into Chinese.1.Sometimes we can kill two birds with one stone.That is,we can complete two goals with only one effort or action.2.Dont get excited,just hang loose.You probably have pass
31、ed the English test.3.Right now,as schools prepare to begin a new year,one concern is the H1N1 virus,often called swine flu.4.Obama said.“We are actually seeing if we can work to at least make school lunches healthier.Because at a lot of school lunches,theres a lot of French fries,pizzas and tater t
32、ots.All kinds of stuff that isnt a well-balanced meal.”.5.Many tourists make a special visit to Washington,D.C.,in the spring to see the blooming pink and white Japanese cherry trees.The trees were originally planted as a gift from the people of Tokyo,Japan,in 1912.一石二鸟放松猪流感垃圾食品 樱花Unit 1 Understandi
33、ng Cultural DifferencesSection 3 Comparative Reading:Career PreviewingSection 3 Comparative Reading:Career PreviewingRead the passage in both English and Chinese and answer the questions.Etiquette in Doing Business Globally The whole world is becoming one market.Inside international business organiz
34、ations very intensive intercultural encounters take place.How to address your foreign business colleagues?How do you dress yourself?How to give or receive gifts?All these and much other etiquette is important in doing international business.Greeting BehaviorUnit 1 Understanding Cultural DifferencesS
35、ection 3 Comparative Reading:Career PreviewingSection 3 Comparative Reading:Career Previewing国际商务礼仪 整个世界正日渐成为一个市场。在国际 商务机构内部，跨文化交际频繁发生。如何 称呼你的外国同行？如何穿着打扮？如何送 出和收受礼物？所有这些以及其他一些礼仪 在国际商务活动中都是很重要的。Unit 1 Understanding Cultural DifferencesSection 3 Comparative Reading:Career PreviewingSection 3 Comparati
36、ve Reading:Career Previewing Greeting Behavior Most Chinese names have either two or three characters,each of which represents a sound.The Chinese give their surname first followed by other given names.In China,westerners normally receive a brief handshake on meeting,but a more common form of greeti
37、ng is a nod.Chinese greetings are formal and use titles and last names.When exchanging business cards,the Chinese often present and receive them with both hands to show respect.However,the greeting behavior typical to the Chinese is uncommon in many other cultures.For instance,Americans tend to be i
38、nformal and friendly.Both men and women shake hands on meeting and leaving.A small kiss on the cheek or a hug is appropriate between women or between men and women who have known each other for a long time.First names generally are used with the exception of senior persons or formal situations.In En
39、gland,a simple handshake is the standard greeting(for both men and women)for business occasions and for visiting a home.The French greeting is usually a kiss on both cheeks.Unit 1 Understanding Cultural DifferencesSection 3 Comparative Reading:Career PreviewingSection 3 Comparative Reading:Career Pr
40、eviewing 问候行为 大多数中国人的姓名都有两到三个汉 字，每一个字表示一个音。中国人先报姓，紧跟着才是名字。在中国见面时，西方人通 常会得到对方短暂的握手表示问候，不过更 常见的问候形式是点头。中国人的问候正式 而且使用头衔及姓氏。当交换名片时，中国 人经常以双手呈递或接受以示尊敬。然而，在中国人看来习以为常的问候行为，在许多 其他文化里却是罕见的。例如，美国人的问 候往往随意而友善。在会面或告别时，男女 都采用握手的方式。在女性之间以及男性与 熟悉的女性之间，在脸颊上轻吻一下或者拥 抱一下都是得体的。美国人通常直呼其名，除非对方是年长者或者在一些正式场合下。在英国，在商务场合或者登门
41、造访时，标准 的问候方式就是短暂的握手（男女皆然）。法国式的问候通常是轻吻两颊。Unit 1 Understanding Cultural DifferencesSection 3 Comparative Reading:Career PreviewingSection 3 Comparative Reading:Career Previewing Dressing and Color Cultures attribute different characteristics to different colors.The color of your accessories can actual
42、ly insult a foreign host or,if done correctly,can add to a positive impression.For example,in China the color red is considered good luck,wealth and happiness.So it is the traditional color for happy occasions such as weddings and a red tie is a positive omen.But in the west,red is the color of bloo
43、d and it means impulse,defiance,and trouble.White and black are two traditional Chinese colors which symbolize mourning while the color white is thought as purity,innocence,brightness and cleanness by the westerners.The westerners prefer to wear blue,gray,or black because they think these colors rep
44、resent a sense of calmness and composure.Unit 1 Understanding Cultural DifferencesSection 3 Comparative Reading:Career PreviewingSection 3 Comparative Reading:Career Previewing 服饰与颜色 不同的文化赋予不同的颜色以不同的特 征。你的服装饰品可能会侮辱到你的外国东 道主，如果穿着得当，也可能给对方留下好 印象。例如，在中国，红色被认为是好运、财富及幸福的象征。因此它是一些喜庆的场 合诸如婚礼上的传统颜色，一条红色的领带
45、就是一个好兆头。但在西方、红色却是血的 颜色，它意味着冲动、蔑视和麻烦。黑色和 白色是中国两种传统颜色，它们被用来表示 服丧。而西方人却认为白色是纯洁、清白、光明及清洁的象征。西方人喜欢穿蓝色、灰 色或黑色，因为他们认为这些颜色是冷静和 沉着的象征。Unit 1 Understanding Cultural DifferencesFor you to think about:1.What is the greeting etiquette in China and in the West?2.How do you dress yourself correctly when doing busi
46、ness in China and in the West?Unit 1 Understanding Cultural DifferencesSection 4 Window on PronunciationSection 4 Window on Pronunciation1说明说明/舌端齿龈后部摩擦辅音，清辅音。发音时舌端靠近齿龈后部，舌身抬起靠近上鄂，双唇稍收圆并略突出。气流通过时形成摩擦音。下列字母或字母组合常发此音：Listen and repeat.sh:ship short wash s:sure sugar Asia ss:pressure issue mission sc:co
47、nscience conscious conscientious t:situation station patient ci:social delicious sociable ch:chef machine mustache1.What shall be shall be.要发生的就发生吧。2.She sells sea-shells on the sea-shore.她在海滨卖海类贝壳。The shells she sells are sea-shells,Im sure.我相信她所卖的贝壳是海贝。If she sells sea-shells on the sea-shore,then
48、 Im sure she sells sea-shore shells.要是 她在海滨卖海贝，那我相信她卖的是海滩上的贝壳。3.The shy girl blushed and rushed out of the shop.那羞涩的女孩脸一红，冲出了商店。Unit 1 Understanding Cultural DifferencesSection 4 Window on PronunciationSection 4 Window on Pronunciation2说明说明/舌端齿龈后部摩擦辅音，是浊辅音。发音时舌端靠近齿龈后部，舌身抬起靠近上 鄂，双唇稍收圆并略突出。气流通过时形成摩擦音。
49、下列字母常发此音：Listen and repeat.g:garage prestige genre s:leisure pleasure television1.Eat at pleasure,drink with measure.进食可随意，饮酒要适量。2.Its my pleasure to do the measure.我很乐意量尺寸。3.Following the collision was confusion.碰撞后是一片混乱。4.Please measure the casualty of the explosion.请衡量一下爆炸的伤亡情况。5.Its their decisi
50、on to make a fi lm version of“Treasure Island”.是他们决定要将金 银岛搬上银幕的。Unit 1 Understanding Cultural DifferencesSection 4 Window on PronunciationSection 4 Window on Pronunciation3说明/t/舌端齿龈破擦辅音，是清辅音。发音时双唇略微向前突出，略呈方形，舌身抬高，舌端抵上齿龈后部，气流通过时发出破擦音。下列字母或字母组合常发此音：Listen and repeat.ch:chair choose choice tch:catch ma