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1、西南大学网络与继续教育学院课程考试试题卷西南大学网络与继续教育学院课程考试试题卷II.Answer the following questions:(50%)II.Answer the following questions:(50%)1.“StereotypeStereotype”is said to be one of the potential barriers of intercultural communication.What is“stereotype”?Why we take stereotypesas a barrier of interculturalcommunicati
2、on?2.As we know,a word in one language does not necessarily have a counterpart in the other类别：网教专业：英语 2018 年 12 月课程名称【编号】：跨文化交际【0859】A 卷大作业满分：100 分I IAnalyze the following casesAnalyze the following cases，and then answer the given questions.(50%)and then answer the given questions.(50%)1.1.Case 1Cas
3、e 1I can figure it out on my ownI can figure it out on my ownJay is having difficulty in writing a paper for his communication class,because hes notsure what the professor wants.When he mentions this to his friend Ellen,she suggests he ask theprofessor or a classmen to clarify directions.Jay refuses
4、,saying“I can figure it out on my own”.Question for discussion:Question for discussion:Why does Jay refuse to ask his professor or classmen to clarify the directions for his paper?Why does Jay refuse to ask his professor or classmen to clarify the directions for his paper?答：I:I:language;words or ter
5、ms in both languages appear to refer to the same object or conceptonly on the surface,but actually refer to quite different things.Explain the culturaldifferences of the following pairs of words:龙龙vs.dragon,vs.dragon,知识分子知识分子vs.intellectuals,vs.intellectuals,社会科学社会科学vs.social sciences,vs.social scie
6、nces,书书vs.book,vs.book,狗狗vs.dog.vs.dog.2.2.Case 2Case 2Melita feels hurtMelita feels hurtTed and Melita have been dating for two years and are very serious.To celebrate theiranniversary Melita wants to spend quiet evening in her apartment where they can talk about therelationship and be alone with e
7、ach other.When Ted arrives,he is planned to dine out and go toa concert.Melita feels hurt that he doesnt want to talk and spend the evening alone with her.Question for discussion:Question for discussion:CouldCould youyou explainexplain to to whywhy MelitaMelita feesfees hurthurt thatthat TedTed does
8、ntdoesnt wantwant to to talktalk andand speechspeech thetheevening alone withevening alone with1.Why does Jay refuse to ask his professor or classmen to clarify the directions for his paper?1.Why does Jay refuse to ask his professor or classmen to clarify the directions for his paper?In this case,Ja
9、ys unwillingness to ask others for help in understanding his assignment is asign of his masculine emphasis on independence.As some scholars point out rather humorously,men invariably resist asking directions when they are lost in the road while women do nothesitate to ask strangers for help.What we
10、have discussed about gender identity help usunderstand this difference.Because women initially develop identity within the first relationships have an undertone ofdanger-they could jeopardize independence.So Jays refusal to ask others for help reflects themasculine emphasis on maintaining autonomy a
11、nd not appearing weak or incompetent.UnlessEllen realizes this difference between them,Jays behavior will continue to baffle her.-1-2.2.CouldCould youyou explainexplain to to whywhy MelitaMelita feesfees hurthurt thatthat TedTed doesntdoesnt wantwant to to talktalk andand speechspeech thetheintercul
12、turalcommunication.Manyculturaldifferencestaketheformofnonverbalevening alone withevening alone with？communications.The nonverbal area is relatively new and still is being studied and developed;Generally speaking,girls minds are more delicate than boys and Melita hopes to get alonghowever,most of us
13、 have had enough experience to be aware of its existence and importance.with TED alone to enhance their feelings.When they are alone,they can talk to each other andOne must be careful to keep this area in perspective and to consider nonverbal elements as only aget physical and spiritual comfort.You
14、cant kiss and hold high when you go out.And ted thinkspart of the total communication effort while the nonverbal may be important,it is not alwaysits fun to go out to the concert.melita thinks ted doesnt understand her mind,so she feelsthe whole story.If a person frowns while listening to you speak,
15、it may indicate doubt ordisappointed and lost.she doesnt realize the joy ted wants to take her out to play.disagreement;on the other hand,the person may have a headache or the light may bebothersome.It is important for you to remain alert to nonverbal signals,but it is also essentialthat you decode
16、them accurately.There are many examples to illustrate that cultural differencesmay become barriers to nonverbal communication respectively.For example,in USA,the V signA stereotype or stereotypes is a commonly held public belief bout specific social groups ortypes of individuals.The conceptsof stere
17、otype and prejudice are often confused with manyother lifferent meanings.Stereotypes are standardized and simplified onceptions of groups basedon some prior assumptions.What is stereotype?It is commonly known as a fixed,over generalized belief abouta particular group or class of people,consisting of
18、 nationality,race,gender,age,occupation,to name a few.Because most people accept the stereotype at the age ofchild,they will carry thoughts into adulthood.As for the stereotype,some view it agood way to enable them to response to differentthings,judging if they are good orbad,as well as adapt into a
19、 new environment.However,often based on thepreconceived perceptions,some stereotypes are not quite consistent with the reality.Somost people consider it easy to produce prejudice or misunderstandings.Sometimes evenif the stereotype is true,they think it not beneficial to drive them to find out thedi
20、fference in this changeable society.with“the two fingers and the palm face out”means victory,but in Indonesia,it means numbertwo“whether the palm facestowards the speaker or the palm facesout”.Suppose a Japaneseperson is explaining her absence from negotiations due to a death in her family.She may d
21、o sowith a smile,based on her cultural belief that it is not appropriate to inflict the pain of grief onothers.For a Westerner who understands smiles to mean friendliness and happiness,this smilemay seem incongruous and even cold,under the circumstances.Even though some facialexpressions may be simi
22、lar across cultures,their interpretations remain culture-specific.It isimportant to understand something about cultural starting-points and values in order to interpretemotions expressed in cross-cultural interactions.II:II:1.2.龙龙vs.dragonvs.dragonIn Chinese,龙 represents the oriental dragon and is a
23、lso a symbol of status.for example,thereal dragon emperor refers to the person with the highest power and status,while the EnglishDuring the process of communication,cultural diversity may become barriers todragon refers to a science fiction imaginary creature,which differs greatly from the oriental
24、dragon in munication and may result in misunderstanding,embarrassment,or even conflicts among知识分子知识分子 vs.intellectuals vs.intellectualspeople with different cultures.They try to solve these problems by probing into barriers to-2-Since the Spring and Autumn Period,Chinese 知识分子 have explored a humanis
25、tic spirit as thecenter of their yearning goal in the worlds social history.In the west,it is not the case.Westerners do not seem to have sought knowledge from the beginning for the general population.God transcends the outside and stands high outside the human circle.The sage turned his backand was
26、 still an ordinary person in the humanities.社会科学社会科学vs.social sciencesvs.social sciencesSocial science has two meanings:(1)departments of science that take the system and functionof human society and the relationship between members of society as the research object;(2)science(such as economics or p
27、olitics)that takes a particular aspect of human society as itsobject of studyIn comparison,the meaning of 社会科学 in Chinese is obviously broader than that of socialscience in English.Theres also a behavioral science concept in the English language thatsdifferent from social science,according to merria
28、m-webster.As is known to all,these threesubjects are directly included in the Chinese social sciences书书vs.bookvs.book书 are nouns,referring to all kinds of books.Book can sometimes be used as a verb to book aticket.狗狗vs.dogvs.dogIn English,Big Dog means big man and elite,but translating it directly into Chinese hasbecome a big dog.If you dont understand the difference,you will regard praising other peopleswords as swearing.-3-