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1、国国际交流英交流英语视听听说B3U6(for-students)1.Look at the photo.How old do you think these gas pumps are?2.How much do you think a liter of gas cost when these pumps were in use?3.How would your life be different if gasoline cost twice as much as it does now?A pair of vintage gas pumps in a desert landscapeQues
2、tionsQuestions Example Answer 1 Automobiles were first mass-produced around 110 years ago.The pumps dont look that old,but I think the pumps are probably 70 or 80 years old.1.Look at the photo.How old do you think these gas pumps are?QuestionsQuestions Example Answer 2 I think the pumps are 50 or 60
3、 years old.Gas pumps older than that had large glass containers on top.You pumped the gasoline into the container.Then gravity moved the gas down a hose and into your cars gas tank.1.Look at the photo.How old do you think these gas pumps are?QuestionsQuestions Example Answer 3 I dont think the pumps
4、 are very old.Theyve been outside,so the weather has worn away the paint.But the design is fairly modern,so they might be 30 or 40 years old.1.Look at the photo.How old do you think these gas pumps are?QuestionsQuestions3.How would your life be different if gasoline cost twice as much as it does now
5、?Example Answer 1My life would be very different because my family has a car.My parents use it to go to work,to go shopping,and to go out at night.If gas cost twice as much,we would use the car less,and only for necessary trips.In addition,the price of many things would also go up,so we might not ha
6、ve enough money to buy all the things we buy now.QuestionsQuestions3.How would your life be different if gasoline cost twice as much as it does now?Example Answer 2My life would not be very different because I usually walk or ride a bicycle.I also buy most of my food from local farmers,and higher ga
7、s prices wouldnt affect them much.I dont buy a lot of clothing,electronics,or other goods,so higher prices on those things wouldnt affect me very much.QuestionsQuestionsLook at the photos and the graphic and read the captions.Then discuss the questions.1.Based on the information in the graphic,what
8、is the majority of oil used for?2.What are some of the things oil is used for besides transportation?3.What alternatives to oil are being used in China?After oilIn our daily lives,we use oil for a wide variety of thingsfrom fuel for our cars to medicine to sports shoes to plastic bags and water bott
9、les.Many people believe that our consumption of oil is reaching its peak.Oil will never be ascheap and common as it is now.This graphic shows how a typical barrel of oil is used.(1 barrel=42 gallons or 159 liters)After oilSome scientists say we must shift to alternative forms of energy to prepare fo
10、r the time when our supply of oil will be depleted.Finding substitutes for oil will be a priority for scientists and countries in the coming years.After oil1.Based on the information in the graphic,what is the majority of oil used for?Example AnswersThe majority of oil is used for transportation.Gas
11、oline for cars,diesel fuel for trucks,fuel for ships,and jet fuel for planes comprise the majority of oil usage.Heating oil and oil for other products make up only around a quarter of the oil consumed.After oil2.What are some of the things oil is used for besides transportation?Example Answers Besid
12、es transportation,oil is also used for heating,manufacturing,and for making electricity,plastics,shoes and clothing,medicines,cosmetics,and other products.After oil3.What alternatives to oil are being used in China?Example Answers China has been investing large amounts of money in renewable energy s
13、ources such as solar power and wind energy.China also has many hydroelectric dams as well as nuclear and thermoelectric power plants.After oilRon Steinberg 罗恩斯坦伯格（人名）Leila Sparks 利拉斯帕克斯（人名）Listening 1 C|Listening for Details.Read the statements.Then listen again and circle the correct word to comple
14、te each statement.Listening 1 Answer Keys1.1970 2.harder 3.decrease4.higher 5.small 6.pessimisticRon Steinberg:Thanks for coming,everyone.Im sure you all have other things to do with your free time,but our topic tonight is an important one.Im Ron Steinberg,and Im the president of Future Fuels Intern
15、ational.Were a.were a group of scientists working to find substitutes for fossil fuels of all kinds.Tonight,though,Im going to try to answer some of your questions about the peak oil theory.Before we.before we get started,it turns out that you get two speakers this evening instead of one.Dr.Leila Sp
16、arks from Lomax Petroleum is also here,and Ill let her introduce herself.Dr.Sparks?Leila Sparks:Thank you,Ron.As Mr.Steinberg mentioned,I work for a company that makes a variety of petroleum products.To be continued Listening 1 Leila Sparks:Naturally,oil is essential for our company,so were also con
17、cerned about the worlds oil supply being depleted.One difference,though.well,the main difference between Mr.Steinberg and me is that our scientists tell us there are still enormous amounts of oil to be found.Were pushing for more exploration to find those new oil wells.Ron Steinberg:All right.Well,b
18、efore we take your questions,Ill do a quick introduction to the peak oil theory.First off,we know the scientists will tell you that oil is a non-renewable resource.Oil was formed in a different era of the earths history,so once we deplete the supply of oil we have now,thats it.The theory of peak oil
19、 came from Dr.M.King Hubbert.To be continued Listening 1 Ron Steinberg:Back in 1956,Hubbert used mathematical models,and he thought,he predicted that sometime between 1968 and 1972,the United States would produce as much oil as it was ever going to produce.In other words,that would be the peak of U.
20、S.oil production.In fact,oil production in the U.S.has been declining since 1970,so Dr.Hubbert was right.The U.S.is still extracting oil,but the oil wells are in hard-to-reach places.places like Alaska or the Gulf of Mexico,and as the level of oil in those wells goes down,it takes a lot more work to
21、 extract it,too.Male Student:Can I ask a question?Ron Steinberg:Absolutely.Thats what were here for tonight.Male Student:Id like to know what Dr.Hubberts models have to say about the worlds oil supply.To be continued Listening 1 Leila Sparks:I can answer that one.In fact,engineers tell us that oil p
22、roduction will probably continue to increase for the next 20 years or so.So that means,theyre saying we have some time to make the shift from oil to other fuels,and to find good substitutes for plastic and other petroleum products.Ron Steinberg:Er,actually,your facts may be out of date.The latest re
23、ports say that peak oil production probably occurred in 2006.If thats true,it means that the oil supply will be decreasing while the world demand for oil is increasing.Expect higher prices,folks.Leila Sparks:Hmm.I hadnt heard those figures,Ron,but in any case,finding more oil is a high priority for
24、all of us.To be continued Listening 1 Female Student:I have a question.What if,what if theres oil somewhere that nobody knows about yet?Wouldnt new discoveries change the situation?Ron Steinberg:Thats a good question,and no doubt there is oil that hasnt been discovered yet.The problem though is that
25、 all the enormous,easily discovered oil fields were found years ago,so new discoveries will be pretty small,or the oil will be difficult to extract,like it is in the oil sands in Canada.Leila Sparks:You sound pretty pessimistic,Ron.I have more hope that the worlds scientists will figure this thing o
26、ut,and Lomax Petroleum will go on making quality products for a long,long time.To be continued Listening 1 Ron Steinberg:Well,I hope youre right,but just in case youre not,we need to act quickly to conserve the oil we have and to find other energy sources for the future.Listening 1 Listening 2 ethan
27、ol n.乙醇sugarcane n.甘蔗refine v.净化；提炼molasses n.糖浆，糖蜜crystal n.结晶（体）ferment v.（使）（水果、啤酒、葡萄酒等）发酵Listening 2 1.What part of the lecture did the student miss?How would you complete the notes?Example AnswersThe student missed information in part one about why sugarcane is burned.The completed notes should
28、 state:Heat from burning sugarcane waste is used to power mill and make electricity.Student 1:I thought that was an interesting lecture today.Student 2:So did I.Wasnt ethanol one of Professor Andersons research subjects?Student 3:I believe she said her research was on corn ethanolthe best way to tra
29、nsport it,or something like that.Student 2:That sounds right.Student 1:But you know.there was one thing I didnt understand.It was about the sugarcane refining process If they burn the sugarcane waste,doesnt that release CO2 into the air?How is,how is that a solution to the problem of global warming?
30、Student 3:Actually,I dont think she said it was burned.To be continued Listening 2 Student 2:It is burned.The machinery at the mill is designed to burn plant material.Then the heat from burning is used to power the mill and generate electricity.To me,that seems way better than using conventional fos
31、sil fuels like coal or natural gas.Student 1:OK.I must have missed that part.Student 3:So,heres the part I dont understand:In her presentation slides,Professor Anderson showed them manufacturing different kinds of sugar,like white sugar and brown sugar.So where does the molasses fit in?Student 1:I,I
32、ve got that in my notes.The molasses is the liquid thats left over after they separate the sugar crystals from the,from the sugarcane juice.Its the stuff that gets fermented to make ethanol.To be continued Listening 2 Student 3:Got it.Student 2:OK,but what was that guys question?Did he ask what they
33、 used to do with the molasses before they started making ethanol?I didnt catch that part.Student 1:She told him it used to be used in cooking a lot more than it is now.It was cheaper than sugar.Student 3:There might have been some advances in sugar-making since then because its pretty cheap now.Stud
34、ent 1:Yeah,you could be right.Listening 2 C|Listening for Details.Listening 2 Example Answers1.F(The student says,“I thought that was an interesting lecture today.”)2.T3.F(Professor Anderson didnt mention global warming.)4.T5.T6.TCanadian Oil Sandsflare v.燃烧；闪耀boreal a.北方的Alberta 艾伯塔省（加拿大西部省）Fort Mc
35、Murray 麦克默里堡（艾伯塔省东北部的石油工业重镇）muskeg n.北美北部的沼泽地topsoil n.表土层；耕作层shovel n.铲子，铁锹synthetic a.合成的，人造的To be continued thermostat n.（使房间或机器保持一定温度的）恒温器bog n.沼泽，泥塘cleanse v.使清洁，清洗peat n.泥炭，泥煤spongy a.松软多孔的，海绵似的intact a.完好无损的While Viewing A|Read the statements.Then watch the video and check()T for true or F fo
36、r false.Example Answers1.T2.F(Canada has been extracting oil for almost a century.)3.F(Fuel prices in Canada have been higher in recent years.)4.T5.T6.F(The country is not planning to stop oil-sand processing anytime soon.)Narrator:We head now on assignment with National Geographic Magazine to docum
37、ent this changing landscape.Late into the night flames flare over the landscape.This mining operation continues 24 hours a day,365 days a year,extracting oil from just beneath the surface of what was once Canadian wilderness.Celina Harper,Resident:I could just cry when I see what,what theyve done to
38、 our land.So you just see thats all you could see,just as far as you could see.Nothing,just nothingnot even one,one stick,not even one tree standing.To be continued Narrator:This is Canadas boreal.one of the largest forests on earth.Its Northern Americas nesting spot for billions upon billions of bi
39、rds that migrate across North America.and even as far as South America.Its also the site of something called“Oil Sands”,a naturally occurring mix of sand and a thick form of petroleum known as bitumen.Bitumen must be heavily processed before it becomes crude oil,then turned into gasoline and diesel
40、fuels.This section of northern Alberta has the largest amount of oil sand in the world.and some estimates suggest Albertas oil reserves are comparable to those of Saudi Arabia.But to get to this oil,Canada has been stripmining large sections of former wilderness.National Geographic Magazine photogra
41、pher Peter Essick journeyed to Fort McMurray to capture the changing landscape.To be continued Peter Essick,National Geographic Photographer:You can take pictures sort of the wilderness part,which is sort of the trees and the muskeg which hasnt been developed,and then you can take a picture of some
42、of the mining,the big trucks.but I was trying to show some ways that you could see sort of the connection between sort of the wildlife or the nature and the mining.Narrator:First the forest is cut downtopsoil is removed and the sand collected by enormous shovels.Its then carried by dump trucks to a
43、processing facility.Each truck can carry almost 400 tons of oil-rich sand.After processing the synthetic crude is shipped via pipeline to refineries in the United States.To be continued Narrator:Canada has been extracting oil here for almost a century,but higher fuel prices in recent years and new p
44、rocessing technologies have led to a major oil boom.This part of Alberta has been completely changed.Mike Noseworthy,Resident:Youre looking at high rent costs,high food costs,and high fuel costs.Brenda Hampson,Truck Driver:Its just money and its all over the place and the jobs are all over the place
45、.In Alberta there is 10 jobs for one person.Narrator:Peoples lives have been changedsome for the worse but many arguably for the better.But conservationists say the landscape is also being changedfor the worse.To be continued Narrator:They worry that stripping the boreal forest of thousands of squar
46、e miles of forest is hurting a major ecosystem.Some argue that destruction in the boreal forest is a major contributor to global warming.The forest is so enormous that it helps control the earths thermostat.Its wetlands and bogs absorb carbon,helping cleanse the atmosphere of the greenhouse gases th
47、at contribute to higher temperatures throughout the world.Steve Kallick,Pew Environment Group:This is the peat.Its spongy and theres no strength to it.This is accumulated carbon from millennia.Its been exposed now to the surface.The protective cover has been removed,and all the carbon thats been sto
48、red has come back out into the atmosphere.To be continued Steve Kallick,Pew Environment Group:Development across the boreal is going to continue to do this.We dont know how much,we dont know what the ultimate result is going to be.Narrator:Already temperatures here are climbing.while theres been a c
49、orresponding drop in the rain and snow.But the country is not planning to stop oilsand processing anytime soon.Dozens of companies are planning nearly 100 more projects.worth 100 billion dollars.Canada is working to reduce the amount of greenhouse emissions and to take back land thats been stripped
50、in the mining process.But some conservationists hope large sections of the boreal forest will be set aside and protected from future strip mining.To be continued Steve Kallick,Pew Environment Group:By having a large underdeveloped area where wildlife can,can move and adapt to change,we may be able t