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1、第-1-页 Unit 3-5 单元知识预览 工程 单词及其词性变化语法填空必备 重点单词 1.patent n专利证书；专利权 2distinguish vi.&vt.显示的差异；使有所不同；区分 3identification n.鉴定；识别；确定；身份证明 4bear vt.忍受；忍耐；负担 5current n.(水或气)流；电流 adj.现在的；当前的 6practical adj.实际的；实践的；实用的 7competence n.能力；胜任；本领 8stainless adj.无锈的；不锈的；没有污点的 9convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的convenience
2、n.方便；便利 conveniently adv.便利地；方便地 10associate vt.联想；联系 n.同伴；伙伴association n.社团；协会；联合；联想 11remark n.谈论；言论；评述 vt.&vi.谈论；评论；说起 第-2-页 12condemn vt.谴责；使注定 13superior adj.优秀的；较高的；上级的 n.上级；长官 14compromise n&vi.妥协；折衷 15fade vi.&vt.(使)褪色；减弱；逐渐消失 16hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇hesitation n.犹豫；踌躇 17classify vt.编排；分类；归类clas
3、sification n.分类；归类 18rob vt.抢劫；盗窃；剥夺robbery n.抢劫(行为)19horrible adj.可怕的；恐惧的horror n.恐惧 20troublesome adj.带来麻烦的；使人心烦的trouble vt.使忧虑，使苦恼；麻烦(某人)n.麻烦；问题；恶劣处境 21alternative n.可能的选择 adj.供选择的；其他的 22interrupt vt.&vi.打断讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止 23assume vt.假定；设想 24somehow adv.以方式；不知怎么地 25tentative adj.试探性的；不确定的 26archaeo
4、logy n.考古学 27primitive adj.原始的；远古的；简陋的 28accuracy n.准确；准确accurate adj.准确的；准确的 29significance n.意义；意思；重要性；重要意义significant adj.重要的；重大的 第-3-页 30applaud vi.&vt.鼓掌欢送；赞赏applause n.鼓掌 重点短语 1call up 给打 2set about 开场；着手 3dive into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入 4hang on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住 5get through 设法联系上(尤指打通 )；(设法)做完；通过 6pass.off
5、 as.(把某人)改变或冒充成 7in terms of 就来说；从角度 8rob sb.of sth.抢劫某人某物 9show.in 带或领进来 10once more 再一次 11fade out (声音、画面)逐渐模糊；渐淡 12regardless of 不管；不顾 13(be/get)fed up with 受够了；饱受；厌烦 14look ahead 向前看；为将来打算 15date back to 追溯到；始于 16concentrate on 集中 经典句型 高考书面表1“祈使句and陈述句构造 Follow it up，explore all around it,and be
6、fore you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占第-4-页 晨读范文背诵 背诵这篇范文【湖南省长沙市长郡中学 2021 届高三模底】据报道 2021 年全球地表水将面临枯竭的危险，中国同样也面临着水资源严重短缺的问题，达必备 据着你的头脑。2what if 是省略句，表示“假设将会是怎样；即使又有什么要紧之意 What if I was？倘假设我是的话会怎样？3“be of抽象名词表示“具有(某种特征或属性)的 Wil
7、l that be of any use to you 将会对你有用处吗？4if only.意为“要是就好了，句中要用虚拟语气 If only it could be just like last year!要是能跟去年那样该有多好啊！5only to do.不定式在句中作结果状语，强调意想不到的结果 Abruptly she sat down，only to be scooped up by her laughing，shouting sister，Luna.突然间她坐了下来，但又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹露娜一把搂了过来。必备语法高级句型 词类复习2 第-5-页 请你代表学生会写一份建议书，呼吁
8、同学们节约用水，防止水污染。内容包括：1.水的重要性；2.浪费与污染现象；3.发出建议。注意：1.词数 100 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头与结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。Save Water,Save Life Dear students,_ Thank you!Student Union【参考范文】Dear students,As we all know,water is the source of life.Without water,there would be nothing alive on the earth.But the freshwater 第-6-页
9、available on the earth is becoming less and less.Facing such a serious water shortage problem,we should take immediate action.First,we should recycle the water we use every day.Second,when we wash up,we shouldnt leave the water running.And when we take a bath，we may turn the tap down and turn it off
10、 m time.Besides，we should spread water knowledge to public.Remember:Save water,save life.Dont let our tear become the last drop of water on our planet.Thank you!Student Union 语言知识精析 重点单词精讲 考点 1distinguish vi.&vt.显示的差异；使有所不同；区分【教材原句】Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing somethin
11、g merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.这回我有时机来表现一下自己，我要创造某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇捉住，又不会伤害到它们。【例句研读】第-7-页 1His attorney argued that Cope could not distinguish between right and wrong.他的辩护律师称科普无法分辨是非。2As far as I know，Lin Dan has already distinguished himself as an athlete.据我所知，作为运发动林丹已享有盛名。3The si
12、xmonthold baby can distinguish the monkey from other animals.这个六个月大的婴儿能区分猴子与其他动物。【归纳拓展】distinguished adj.卓越的，著名的，出色的 distinguishable adj.易分辨的，能区分的 distinguish between.and.区分/区分与 distinguish.from.使有别于，使 具有区别于的特征 distinguish oneself(as.)(作为)表现突出 be distinguished by/for 以为特征/著名【即时稳固】(1)Hes _ himself _
13、a teacher.作为教师，他早已负有盛名。(2)We should _ _ major _ minor work and not put the trivial above the important.第-8-页 我们的工作要分主次，不能轻重倒置。(3)What was it that _ her _ her classmates 是什么使得她有别于班上其他同学呢？【答 案】(1)distinguished as(2)distinguish between and(3)distinguished from 考点 2convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的 convenient
14、作表语时，一般不用表示人的名词或代词作主语。【教材原句】They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.他们突然一下子就消失在附近的墙洞里去了。【例句研读】(1)Come by to see us at your convenience.Come by to see us when it is convenient for/to you.在你方便的时候来看我们。(2)The gates are always open for the convenience of visitors/for the visitors con
15、venience为了方便参观者，这些门总是开着。【归纳拓展】convenience n.方便，便利 It is convenient for sb.to do sth.做某事对某人来说 是方便的。Sth.be convenient to/for sb.对某人来说是方便的。at sbs convenience 在某人方便的时候 第-9-页 convenience food 方便食品 convenience store 便利店【即时稳固】(1)We must _ a convenient time and place _ the meeting.我们必须安排一个适宜的时间与地点开会。(2)When
16、 would _ you to go 你什么时候去方便？(3)The hotel has a restaurant for the guests _.这家旅馆为方便旅客设有餐厅。考点 3Associate vt.联想；联系 n同伙；伙伴【教材原句】Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone，he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybodys life
17、.虽然人们常把他与创造 联系在一起，但是他确实是一位永不停息的探索家，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。【例句研读】(1)I dont associate him with energetic sports.我不把他与剧烈的体育运动联系在一起。(2)The first step to making friends is associating with other people.第-10-页 交朋友的第一步就是要跟他人联系。(3)We are working in association with a local company to raise money for the homeless.
18、我们联合一家当地的公司，为无家可归的人筹款。【归纳拓展】(1)associate.with.把及联系起来 be associated with.及有关 (2)association n联合；联想；交往；协会；团体 in association with.及合作/合伙【即时稳固】(1)Ive never _ you _ this place.我从未把你与这个地方联系在一起。(2)I wouldnt want to _ Mckeys project.我不想与麦基的方案有任何瓜葛。(3)I dont like these layabouts youre _.我不喜欢你结交的这些游手好闲的人。考点 4
19、hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇【例句研读】(1)The Mullers didnt hesitate to give their phone number to the street people and told them to phone anytime.穆勒夫妇毫不犹豫地把 号码给那些无家可归的人，并告诉他们需要第-11-页 的话随时可以打 。(2)Premier Li said“The government will not hesitate to help you out of poverty.李总理说：“政府会毫不犹豫地帮你摆脱贫困。【归纳拓展】hesitant adj.犹豫的
20、；踌躇的；迟疑的 hesitation n.踌躇，犹豫 hesitate to do sth.迟疑做某事 hesitate about/at/in/over(doing)sth.(做)某事犹豫不决 without hesitation 毫不犹豫地【即时稳固】(1)Dont _ that.Do it at once.对于那件事不要再犹豫，马上去做吧。(2)In case you need something,please dont _ me.如果你需要什么东西，请不要犹豫，尽管对我说。(3)He _ is lost.谚当断不断，必受其患。(4)_，he jumped into the river
21、 to save the drowning child.他毫不犹豫地跳下河去救溺水的孩子。考点 5superior adj.优秀的；较高的；上级的 n上级；长官 第-12-页 superior 作为暗含比拟级的形容词，意为“较高级的、较好的、较为优秀的，因此不能在前面再加 more。在及另一个事物进展比拟时，及之搭配的介词要用 to，不能用 than。【例句研读】(1).the thought of feeling superior to others probably never comes to them.他们大概从来没有高人一等的感觉。(2)Their performance was i
22、nferior to that of other teams.他们的表现，不如其他队。【归纳拓展】be superior to sb./sth.在品质、级别、重要性上更好或更高 be inferior to 低于 be senior to 比年长(资深)be junior to 比年轻(资浅)【即时稳固】(1)Show respect for _.对我们的上级要尊敬。(2)His knowledge of French literature _ mine.他在法国文学方面比我强。(3)They _ number _ us.他们在数量上超过我们。【答案】(1)our superiors(2)is
23、 superior to(3)are superior in to 考点 6alternative adj.供选择的；其他的 n可能的选择；选择对第-13-页 象【教材原句】Can you think of the alternatives we would use today 你能想到我们今天可供利用的方法吗？【例句研读】(1)The materials inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to
24、plastic.这种材料的创造者说它有各种各样可能的用途并且总有一天会成为塑料制品的更环保型替代品。(2)I had no alternative/choice but to report him to the police.除了向警察举报他，我别无选择。(3)We could walk or alternatively we could go in Teds car.我们可以走路去，也可以乘特德的车去。【归纳拓展】theres no alternative.别无选择 an alternative to.的替代品 【温馨提示】表示“别无选择，只有的表达方式还有：have no choice b
25、ut to do；cant choose but do；cant(help)but do；can do nothing but do【即时稳固】(1)Have you got an _ suggestion 你有没有其他的建议？第-14-页(2)You _ marrying or remaining a bachelor.你可以结婚也可以仍做单身汉，任你选择。(3)We have _.除了继续下去，我们没有选择的余地。(4)There is _.除了战斗，没有其他的方法。【答 案】(1)alternative (2)have the alternative of(3)no alternativ
26、e but to go on(4)no alternative but to fight 考点 7assume vt.假定；设想【例句研读】(1)I didnt see your car，so I assumed youd gone out.我没有看见你的汽车，所以我以为你出去了。(2)It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.一般认为，紧张是工作过重所致。【归纳拓展】(1)assume sb./sth.to be 假定/假设某人/某事为 It is assumed that.被认为(2)assumption
27、n假定；假设 make an assumption 认为；假定 on the assumption that 假定(3)assuming/assume that.假设/假定【即时稳固】第-15-页 1A lot of people _that poverty only exists in the Third World.许多人认为贫困仅仅存在于第三世界。2_it is true，what should we do now？假定那是真的，我们现在该怎么办？考点 8bear(bore，borne)vt.忍受；忍耐；负担；生育【例句研读】(1)You may choose any theme you
28、 like.However，you should bear in mind an essential point.你可以选择任何你喜欢的主题。但关键的一条你必须牢记于心。(2)The patient was afraid she wouldnt be able to bear the pain.病人恐怕不能忍受疼痛。【归纳拓展】Bear 后可接名词、代词、动词不定式与动词ing 形式作宾语。【即时稳固】I cant bear _while hes eating.我无法忍受人们吃饭时吸烟。【答案】people smoking 重点短语精讲 考点 1call up 给打 ；使回忆起【教材原句】Wh
29、en I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.我给住在乡下的母亲打 的时第-16-页 候，她感到很心烦。【例句研读】(1)The trip to Italy might be called off.去意大利的旅程可能要取消。(2)The government calls on the youth to donate their blood voluntarily.政府号召青年义务献血。【归纳拓展】call for 需要；要求；呼吁；(去)接(某人)call at(火车等)停靠；拜访
30、某地 call on 要求；请求；拜访某人 call off 取消 call in 召来；来访 call out 大声说；召唤某人【即时稳固】(1)The trip _ of my youth.旅行勾起了我对年轻时代的美好回忆。(2)He _ all the information from the computer.他从计算机中调出了所有的信息。(3)He _ just to tell me that he had bought a new DVD.他打 就是为了告诉我他买了一台新的 DVD。【答案】(1)called up happy memories(2)called up(3)call
31、ed me 第-17-页 up 考点 2get through 设法联系上(尤指打通 )；(设法)做完，通过(考试)；完成；用完；使某人理解；度过【例句研读】1I felt mildly victorious that I got through the rest of class without crying，but at my next free period I had to face him.我感觉有些成就感是因为我设法上完了课而没有哭，但在接下来的空闲中我必须面对他。2We need to get down to some serious talking.我们需要认真谈一谈。3For
32、 such a serious mistake he was lucky to get away with a fine.他犯了那么严重的过失，却幸运只交罚款了事。【归纳拓展】get across 被理解；使人了解 get down to 认真地静下心(工作)(to 为介词)get on/along 相处 get out of 防止；摆脱 get over 克制 get in 收获 get around/round 到处走动；传播出去 get away/off 逃脱，离开【即时稳固】第-18-页 写出以下句子中 get through 的含义 1How did you get through
33、all that money in two days？2Ive got through a lot of correspondence today.3 Its going to be hard to get through the next couple of days.4Im afraid your daughter failed to get through her midterm exams.考点 3in terms of.就来说；从角度【例句研读】1Did the experiment find any differences in terms of what children lea
34、rned？就儿童学到什么而言，该实验是否发现了什么不同？2Its hard to come to terms with being unemployed.很难承受失业这个现实。【归纳拓展】in terms ofwith regard to,according to,in the light of come to terms 与解；妥协；让步 come to terms with 甘心忍受 be on good/bad terms with 及关系很好(坏)in the long/short term 从长远(眼前)来看【即时稳固】(1)It is difficult to express it
35、 _ science.要用科学的字眼来表达它是很困难的。第-19-页(2)The figures are expressed _ a percentage.那些数字是以百分数表示的。(3)_ money,her loss was small.从金钱的角度来讲，她的损失是很小的。【答案】(1)In terms of(2)in terms of(3)In terms of 考点 4.show.in 带或领某人进来【教材原句】Show her in，Mrs Pearce.皮尔斯夫人，带她进来。【例句研读】1We had 200 people show up for our seminar.我们的研讨
36、会来了 200 人。2When the interview was finished，I was shown out.面试完毕后，我被引导着走出来。【归纳拓展】show sb.into 领着某人进入 show sb.out 领某人出去 show sb.around/round 领某人参观某地 show off 炫耀；展示 show up 出现；来到某处【即时稳固】(1)The nurse _ me _ the room.护士把我领进了房间。(2)I _ the foreigners _ our school.第-20-页 我领着外国人参观了我们的学校。(3)Why didnt you _ la
37、st night 昨晚你为什么没到场？【答案】(1)showed into(2)showed around(3)show up 考点 5.look ahead 向前看；为将来打算【教材原句】If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!她今年要是早有预见，方案得更好些就好了。【例句研读】1 We should not look down upon/on anyone who hasnt had a college education.我们不应该看不起没有受过大学教育的人。2Im really looking forward
38、to our vacation.我热切期待着我们的假期。【归纳拓展】look after 照顾，照料 look up 仰视，查阅 look up to sb.尊敬某人 look down on/upon sb.轻视；瞧不起 look in 短时间探访 look into sth.调查 look over 浏览检查，观察 look through 翻阅，查找 第-21-页【即时稳固】(1)Just _ and youll see a pagoda.只要向前望去，你就可以看到一座宝塔。(2)We must _ before we go further in the matter.在进一步进展这件事
39、之前，我们必须把眼光放远。(3)We must _ before we make a decision.我们作出决定之前必须想得远一点。【答案】(1)look ahead(2)look ahead(3)look ahead 考点 6.date back to 追溯到【例句研读】1That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison.那个意思追溯到爱迪生时代。2The custom dates from/dates back to the time when man wore swords.这项习俗始于人类佩戴刀剑的时代。【归纳拓展】(1)da
40、te from 追溯到；起始于(2)out of date 过时 in date 未过时的 up to date 时髦的 to date 到目前为止；迄今【即时稳固】第-22-页(1)This custom _ the 16th century.这风俗起源于 16 世纪。(2)This is an old building _ the 16th century.这是一栋追溯至 16 世纪的古老建筑物。(3)This town _ Roman times.这个城镇可追溯到罗马时代。(4)The unearthed sword _ the Han Dynasty.这把出土的宝剑属于汉代。经典句型剖
41、析 考点 1 祈使句and/or陈述句【教材原句】Follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。【句法分析】“祈使句and/or陈述句构造中，前后为承接关系时用 and 或 then；而前后是相反关系时用 or，otherwise 或 or else，这种句型可以改为 if 引导的条件状语从句。【例句研读】(1)Try s
42、ome of this juiceperhaps youll like it.尝尝这种果汁，也许你会喜欢。(2)Send an email to your parents，or they will get annoyed.If you dont send an email to your parents，they will get 第-23-页 annoyed.给你的父母发个电子邮件，不然他们会生气的。【即时稳固】1Study hard，_ youll fail in your exams.认真学习，否那么你会考试不及格。2It is really very dangerous._，and t
43、he baby will fall into the well.真危险。再多迈一步，这个小孩儿就掉进井里了。【答案】1or/otherwise2One more step 考点 2 What if.？的用法【教材原句】What if I was？倘假设我是的话会怎样？【句法分析】“What if.？常用来提出假设、建议、邀请、要求等，意为“倘使将会怎样？“如果将会怎样？。后面经常跟一般现在时，有时根据语境也可以跟虚拟语气。【拓展归纳】What for？为什么？为了什么目的？What of it？有什么了不起？what s more 而且；更为重要的是 So what？那又怎么样？【例句研读】1
44、What if something goes wrong 要是出了问题将会怎么样？2What if it rains tomorrow 万一明天下雨怎么办？3It sounds like a good offer，but what if its a trick？那个提第-24-页 议听起来很诱人，但如果是个骗局会怎么样？【即时稳固】1天然气是一种很有效的燃料，而且还清洁。Gas is a very efficient fuel.And_，its clean.2要是我们把沙发挪到那里会怎么样？_ we moved the sofa over there【答案】1whats more2What i
45、f 考点 3 be of形容词抽象名词【教材原句】Will that be of any use to you 那对你有用吗？【句法分析】“be of形容词抽象名词“be副词及该抽象名词同根的形容词。【归纳拓展】(1)介词 of 后面接表抽象意义的名词，如 value，use，help，importance，significance 等，相当于该名词相对应的形容词。该名词前面可以用表程度的词加以修饰，如 little，no，great，much，some 等。(2)介词 of 后面还可接一些表示人或物属性的名词，如 size，color，height，length，age，shape，qual
46、ity 等，用来描述人或事物的属性，在句中作表语或后置定语。【例句研读】1What I said is of great importance.What I said is very 第-25-页 important.我所说的非常重要。2The book is of great use to meThe book is very useful to me.这本书对我很有用。【即时稳固】1这两个房间大小一样。The two rooms are the same in size.The two rooms are_ 2这项诺贝尔奖对中国的文学很重要。The Nobel Prize is very important to Chinese literature.The Nobel Prize is _to Chinese literature.3他当时告诉我们的事情很重要。What he told us then was _【答案】1 of the same size 2 of great importance 3 of great importance/very important