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1、听力部分听力部分短对话、长对话应试策略 1 听力场景词听力场景词 1.社会生活类社会生活类 2.校园生活校园生活类类 3.求职面试求职面试 4.科普类科普类 5.社会问题类社会问题类 6.文化习俗类文化习俗类 7.旅游交通类旅游交通类 8.参观游览参观游览 9.医疗保健类医疗保健类 10.健身运动类健身运动类 2短对话常考句式及解题技巧短对话常考句式及解题技巧1.转折句式转折句式2.条件句式3.请求或建议句式3长对话应试策略长对话应试策略4一一.社会生活类社会生活类1.购物消费：购物消费：shopping mall 购物中心；购物中心；convenience store 便利店便利店chain
2、 store 连锁店；连锁店；supermarket 超市超市department store百货商店；百货商店；grocery 杂货店杂货店;customer 顾客；顾客；complaint 投诉；投诉；display 展示展示;counter 柜台柜台;balance 余额；余额；budget 预算预算5 catalog 商品目录；商品目录；famous brands 名牌；名牌；bargain 讨价还价讨价还价(v.);便宜货便宜货(n.);discount 折扣；折扣；receipt 收据；收据；electronic products 电子产品；电子产品；digital camera
3、数码相机；数码相机；stationery文具文具shopping list 购物清单；购物清单；deliver 送货送货on sale 降价出售，上市；降价出售，上市；sell out 售完；售完；out of stock 没货，脱销；没货，脱销；62.居家琐事：居家琐事：trivial affairs 日常琐事；日常琐事；laundry 洗衣店洗衣店iron 烫衣服；烫衣服；keep an eye on sb./sth.照料某人事照料某人事in a mess 杂乱；杂乱；economical 经济的，节俭的经济的，节俭的open an account 开户；开户；deposit 存款；存款；
4、withdraw 取钱；取钱；interest rate 利率；利率；property 财产财产;debt 债务；债务；pay off 还清；还清；parcel 包裹；包裹；zip/postal code 邮政编码邮政编码73.日常交往：日常交往：leisure time 休闲时间；休闲时间；call on sb.拜访某人拜访某人drop by/round 突然造访；突然造访；take a message 捎信捎信hospitable 好客的；好客的；hang up 挂断挂断 hold on 别挂别挂 ；operator 接线员接线员4.休闲娱乐：休闲娱乐：hobby 爱好；爱好；keep p
5、ets 养宠物；养宠物；tame dog 训狗训狗gardening 园艺；园艺；play chess 下象棋下象棋TV channels 电视频道；电视频道；broadcast 广播，播放广播，播放live broadcast 现场直播；现场直播；programme 电视节目电视节目commercial advertisement 商业广告商业广告8tennis court 网球场；performance 表演entertainment industry娱乐业；comedy 喜剧 tragedy 悲剧；horror movie 恐怖片；plot 情节entertaining 有趣的，愉快的；
6、enthusiastic 热情的 95.外出就餐：外出就餐：waiter/waitress 男女服务员；napkin 餐巾order 点菜；tip 消费；menu 菜单；snack 快餐dessert 甜点；appetizer 开胃菜；yogurt 酸奶toast 烤面包；junk food 垃圾食品；roast 烤beef steak 牛排；rare 半熟的；medium 中等熟的sour/sweet/bitter/hot 酸甜苦辣go dutch AA制；treat 款待，宴请make a reservation 预定；have a picnic 野餐106.住房搬家：住房搬家：landl
7、ord/landlady 房东；tenant 房客apartment/flat 公寓；residence 居住，住所monthly rent 月租；spare rooms 空余房间available 可利用的；accommodate 供给住宿settle 定居；downtown 市中心；suburb 郊区;neighborhood 邻近地transportation 交通subway entrance 地铁入口；put up with the noise 容忍噪音117.装饰维修：装饰维修：furnished 已装修的；furniture 家具decoration 装饰；painting 画；
8、cupboard 衣柜；shower 淋浴；sink 下水槽；pipe 管道；leak 漏水fix 维修；install 安装；maintenance man/technician 维修工air conditioner 空调12二.校园生活类1.注册：注册：register 注册，报到，登记；enrolment 登记入学department 系；student ID card 学生证recommendation letter 推荐信；application form 申请表2.选课：选课：semester 学期；major in 主修；register for/sign up for/enro
9、ll in/take 选课quit/drop a course 退课；earn a credit 修学分required/compulsory course 必修课13optional/elective course 选修课curriculum 课程；linguistics 语言学；philosophy 哲学；psychology 心理学；literature class 文学课3.听课：听课：professor 教授；supervisor/advisor 导师lecturer 讲师；tutor 家教；dean 系主任teaching assistant 教学助理call the roll 点
10、名；catch/follow 跟上make a presentation 作陈述或介绍confused/puzzled 迷惑不解的；get lost 不明白14take attendance in class点名presence 出席；absence 缺席；punctual 守时，准时take notes 记笔记；skip the class 逃课make up弥补（课）4.作业：作业：assignment/homework 作业；experiment 实验survey 调查；rough draft 草稿；final draft 终稿have ones hands full with 忙于做d
11、ue 到期；deadline 最后期限；criticism 批评；feedback 反馈155.读书：读书：journal 定期刊物；magazine 杂志；periodical 期刊；book review 书评；editorial 社论；go through this novel 通读小说out of stock 已脱销；out of print 已绝版up-to-date 最近的；publishing house 出版社publisher 出版者；publication 出版，出版物reference book 参考书；6.学习学习：concentrate 集中精神；distractio
12、n 使人分心的事review/revise 复习；fall behind 落后；think much/highly of 对评价很高167.考试、成绩：考试、成绩：mid-term exam 期中考试；final exam 期末考试quiz 小测验；pop quiz 突击测验；standardized tests 标准测试;national test 统考entrance exam 入学考试；review/go over/go through 复习；grade/score/mark 成绩；full marks 满分passing grade 及格分；straight As 全得A，全优B pl
13、us：B加；B minus：B减；repeat the course 重修；repeat the year 留级178.毕业进修：毕业进修：graduation 毕业；undergraduate 本科毕业生；post graduate 研究生；diploma 文凭；certificatea bachelors degree 学士学位；a masters degree 硕士学位；a doctors degree 博士学位；further/advanced study 进修；study abroad 留学9.学费及奖学金：学费及奖学金：tuition 学费；fee 学杂费；grant 助学金；fi
14、nancial aids 助学金；scholarship 奖学金student loan 学生助学贷款1810.课余生活：课余生活：participate in/take part in 参加；enroll in 登记;sign up for 参加（俱乐部，课程等）；taste 兴趣，爱好；run for 竞选；vote 选票questionnaire 问卷调查;election campaign 选举活动；the student union 学生会；chairman 主席candidate 候选人19三、求职面试三、求职面试job hunting 找工作；want ads 招聘广告job-h
15、unter求职者；headhunter猎头 position/post 职位；opening/vacancy 空缺opportunity 机会；inquiry 询问；consult 咨询Resume，CV 简历；application form 求职信interview 面试;interviewer 面试官;interviewee competent 胜任的;inexperienced 没有经验的qualification 资历unemployment 失业；lose ones job 失业full-time job 全职工作；part-time job 兼职工作do odd jobs 做零工
16、；fire/dismiss 解雇hire/employ 雇佣；job-hopping 跳槽20appointment 任命；turn down 拒绝工作往来：工作往来：clients 客户；secretary 秘书；colleague 同事superior 上司；get along with 与相处appointment 约会；confirm 确认ask for leave 请假；arrangement 安排apply for a vacation 申请休假；fill in the application form 填写申请表morning shift 早班；night shift 夜班shi
17、ft work 倒班工作；take over 接管，接任in charge of 负责；be involved in 参与21assistance/favor 帮助，协助；negotiate 谈判inquire 咨询；cooperation 合作competition 竞争；bid 投标；contract 合同difference 分歧；approve 同意，批准disapprove 反对；compromise 妥协，让步headquarter 总部；branch 分部，分公司工作态度：工作态度：attitude 态度；personality 品质active/positive 积极的；opt
18、imistic 乐观的pessimistic 悲观的；determined 有决心的forgetful 健忘的；diligent 勤奋的22confident 有信心的；hard-working 工作努力的perseverance 坚持不懈；struggle 奋斗overwork 加班；work addict 工作狂overwhelmed 疲倦的；workload 工作负担wear out 疲劳的；complain 抱怨work like a horse 辛勤工作；devote oneself to sth.致力于工作业绩：工作业绩：promotion 升职；career 事业achievem
19、ent 成就；contribution 贡献deserve 值得，应得；worthy 值得的23四.科普知识类1.生物生物,生态：生态：biology 生物学；cell 细胞；protein 蛋白质gene 基因；inherit 遗传；survive 生存digestive system 消化系统；adapt to 适应ecology 生态学；soil erosion 水土流失rare animal 珍稀动物；extinction 灭绝2.气候：气候：weather forecast 天气预报；temperature 温度Sunny/clear 晴天；cloudy 多云的overcast 阴天
20、的；drizzle 毛毛雨；light rain 小雨24heavy rain 大雨；shower 阵雨pour/downpour 倾盆大雨；thunderstorm 雷雨rain cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨；blizzard 暴风雨snowstorm 暴风雨；hail 冰雹；windy 刮风的breeze 微风的；sweltering 酷热的steamy 湿热的；sticky 闷热的；stuffy 闷的muggy 闷热潮湿的；chilly 严寒的freezing 寒冷的；frigid 严寒的severe winter 严冬；foggy/misty 有雾的humid 湿的；humi
21、dity 湿度253.天文地理：天文地理：astronomy 天文学；universe 宇宙cosmos 宇宙；solar system 太阳系solar energy 太阳能；satellite 卫星planet 行星；comet 彗星telescope 望远镜；microscope 显微镜；geology 地质学；geography 地理；exploration 勘探；equator 赤道；north Pole 北极；South Pole 南极latitude 纬度；longitude 经度iceberg 冰山；volcano 火山；erupt 爆发264.现代科技：现代科技：high t
22、ech 高科技；高科技；clone 克隆克隆portable computer 手提电脑；手提电脑；Internet 因特因特网网websites 网址；网址；cyber 网络；网络；log in/on 登陆登陆hacker 黑客；黑客；computer virus 电脑电脑病毒病毒chat room 聊天室；聊天室；on-line shopping 在线在线购物购物surf on the internet 在网上冲浪；在网上冲浪；distance learning 远程学习；远程学习；advance technology 先进技术；先进技术；printer 打印机打印机fax machine
23、 机；机；copying machine 复印复印机机photocopying machine 影印机影印机27五、社会问题类五、社会问题类1.环境问题环境问题 environment protection 环境保护；reclaim 开垦;deforestation;滥砍滥伐over-fishing 过渡捕鱼;dump 倾倒;ecosystem 生态系统;vegetation 植被;oxygen 氧气;ozone layer 臭氧层;deterioration 恶化;pollution 污染;recycle 回收再利用;circulation 流通，循环;28purify 净化;radiati
24、on 辐射;drought 干旱；dust-storm 沙尘暴；acid rain 酸雨；rare 稀有的；greenhouse effects 温室效应；global warming 全球变暖；sensitive to climate 对气候敏感的;endangered species 濒危物种;wipe out 清除，消亡;extinction 灭绝;conversation 保护，保存;292.移民种族：移民种族：industrial Revolution 工业革命；famine 饥饿；refugee 难民；migrate 移民；immigration 移settlement 定居；di
25、verse 多样的；cultural conflict 文化冲突；multiculturalism 多元化文化主义；descendant 后代，后裔；racial segregation 种族隔离；racial discrimination 种族歧视；303.妇女问题：妇女问题：womens liberation 妇女解放；sex discrimination/sexism性别歧视；womens movement 妇女运动；sexual discrimination 性歧视；professional women 职业女性；domestic violence 家庭暴力；traffic in wo
26、men 贩卖妇女；abuse 虐待compensate 补偿；divorce 离婚31 4.政治经济：政治经济：international organizations 国际组织non-governmental organizations 非政府组织economic sanctions 经济制裁;economic recession 经济衰退；economic depression 经济萧条；reform 改革；crisis 危机；institution 机构；alliance 联盟；32cooperation 合作；politics 政治；(anti-)dumping(反）倾销deficit
27、赤字；legislation 立法；merge 并购，合并；judicial 司法的；listed company 上市公司；executive 行政的subsidiary 子公司；parliament（英）国会，congress（美）国会；parent company 上市公司；bankrupt 破产；33the Secretary of State 国务卿the State Council 国务院summit meeting 峰会；internal affairs 内政；rebel 暴乱；terrorism 恐怖主义；strike 罢工；CEO(chief executive office
28、r）首席执行官GDP(gross domestic product)国内生产总值GNP(gross national product)国民生产总值34六、文化习俗类1.文化艺术：文化艺术：mass media 大众媒体；cartoon/animation动画片musical 音乐片；Academy Award 金像奖fashionable 时尚的；outmoded/outdated 过时的popular with 流行；catch on 流行；理解Yuppie 雅皮士；Hippie 嬉皮士；classical literature 古典文学；art works 艺术作品collected wo
29、rks 文集；collection 作品集，收藏品35aesthetic 美学的；graffiti 涂鸦；oil painting 油画；sculpture 雕塑；dignity 尊严；individual 个人的；confrontation 冲突；offensive 冒犯的；(musical)instrument 乐器；concert 音乐会wind instrument 管乐；folk art 民间艺术stringed instrument 弦乐；performance 表演；orchestra/band 乐队；classic art 高雅艺术；362.社会习俗：社会习俗：exotic 有
30、异域情调的；custom 风俗；costume 服饰；proper conduct 得体的举止good-mannered 文明的；taboo 禁忌；ill-mannered 无教养的；behavior 行为；blunt 唐突，直言的；practice 惯例；engagement 订婚；propose to sb.求婚wedding ceremony 婚礼庆典；bridegroom/groom 新郎；bride 新娘；best man 伴郎；bridesmaid 伴娘；37七七.旅游交通类：旅游交通类：1.火车火车track 轨道；express train 快车；a non-stop/thro
31、ugh train 直达火车；change/transfer 转车、换乘；schedule/timetable 时刻表；car/train attendant 列车员；to change trains at 在（某地）换车the train is due at在（某时）到达to break the journey 中途下车38booking/ticket office 订票处；information booth 问讯处；passenger 乘客coach/carriage 车厢；sleeping car 卧车车厢berth/bunk 铺位；restaurant/dining car 餐车；pl
32、atform ticket 站台票；one-way ticket 单程票return/round-trip ticket 往返票left-luggage office 行李暂存处；check(in)luggage 托运行李；refund a ticket 退票；punch a ticket 剪票terminal/terminus 终点站392.汽车汽车commuter 通勤者；rush hour(车辆的）高峰时间zebra 斑马线；traffic jam 交通拥挤；jay-walker 乱穿马路的行人；handbrake手刹车；park a car 停车；hold up 阻塞，抑制；run a
33、 red light/jump the light 闯红灯；Over-taking on the inside 超车；40speeding 超速；make a wrong turn 拐错弯；drunken drinking 酒后驾车；casualties 伤亡人数hit-and-the-run accident 事故后驾车逃逸；one way street 单行道；intersection 十字路口；drivers/driving license 驾驶执照；shuttle 班车give a ride 搭车；fast lane 快行车道；injury 受伤；ticket 罚单；413.飞机飞机A
34、irport 机场；airline 航线；flight 航班；board 登机；check in 办理登机手续；checking counter 检票处;passport 护照；visa 签证；safety inspection 安检；crew 全体乘务人员；captain 机长；pilot 飞行员；economy class 经济舱；first class 头等舱；business class 商务舱；airsick 晕机；air/plane crash 空难；jet lag 飞机时差反应；see off 送行；departure time 起飞时间；behind schedule 晚点；m
35、iss flight 误机；switch to a different flight 换乘其他航班declare 申报（海关、纳税）；customs 海关；42八八.参观游览参观游览tourist 游客；take a vacation 休假；sightseeing 观光、游览；travel agency 旅行社；book a room 预订房间；reception desk 接待处；service counter 服务台；check in 住宿登记；check out 结账离开；scenic resort 旅游胜地；historic spots 历史名胜；landscape 风景；fantas
36、tic scene 奇异的景象；pose 摆姿势；beyond description 难以描述；press the shutter 按快门；run out of film 胶卷用完了；broaden ones horizon 开拓眼界；43九、医疗健康类九、医疗健康类1.疾病和症状疾病和症状Epidemic 流行病；流行病；bird flu 禽流感；禽流感；H1N1SARS 非典型性肺炎；非典型性肺炎；contagion 传染；传染；symptom 症状；症状；attack/fit 发作；发作；sneeze 打喷嚏；打喷嚏；coughing 咳嗽；咳嗽；runny nose 流鼻涕流鼻涕na
37、usea 恶心；恶心；vomit 呕吐；呕吐；diarrhea 腹泻；腹泻；stomachache 胃痛；胃痛；cavity 牙洞；牙洞；toothache 牙疼；牙疼；dental decay 龋齿；龋齿；allergy 过敏；过敏；fracture 骨折；骨折；fatigue 疲劳；疲劳；sore throat 嗓子疼；嗓子疼；have a temperature/fever 发烧；发烧；442.医院和医生医院和医生infirmary 学校医院；clinic 诊所；the dentists 牙科诊所；registration office 挂号处；ward 病室；surgeon 外科医生;
38、physician 内科医生out-patient department 门诊部；in-patient department 住院部；anesthetist 麻醉师；pharmacist 药剂师；head nurse 护士长；doctor in charge 主治医师453.检查和治疗检查和治疗Register 挂号；make a file 建病例；Examine 检查；take temperature 量体温；Take blood pressure 量血压；treat 治疗；Physical inspection 体检；cure 治愈；Prescription 处方，药方；prescribe
39、开药fill the prescription 抓药；Herb/herbal medicine 草药；drug 药；Pill/tablet 药片，药丸；dosage 剂量；sleeping pill/tablet；pharmacy 药drugstore/chemists shop 药店，药房；take injection 打针；vaccinate 注射疫苗；be in hospital 住院；be out of hospital 出院；operation 手术；surgery 外科手术；go for the admission procedure 办理住院手续；46十、健身运动类十、健身运动类
40、put on weight 增加体重；overweight 超重的aerobics 有氧健身法；lose weight 减肥；keep-fit class 健身房；fitness center 健身中心physical exercise 锻炼；slimming drug 减肥药；exercise machine 健身器械；on diet 节食；go in for physical training 锻炼体魄；build up a good physique 锻炼身体47不良习惯不良习惯tobacco 烟草（制品）；addict 使上瘾；tar 焦油；nicotine 尼古丁；lung canc
41、er 肺癌；heavy smoker 烟瘾大者；give up/stop/quit smoking 戒烟；give up/stop/quit drinking 戒酒;身体状况身体状况physical examination/health checkup 体检；be of strong physique/powerful build 体格强壮；be in good/bad shape 身体健康/身体状况好；be as fit as a fiddle 身体非常好；be in poor health 身体虚弱；be/feel under the weather 身体不舒服；be out of sha
42、pe 身体不好；48短对话常考句式命题规律：四级听力考试中，尤其是命题规律：四级听力考试中，尤其是短对话中，经常会涉及到一些表示短对话中，经常会涉及到一些表示转转折、条件、建议或请求等含义的特殊折、条件、建议或请求等含义的特殊句式句式，对这些特殊句式的正确理解往，对这些特殊句式的正确理解往往就是答对该题的关键。往就是答对该题的关键。49一、转折句式一、转折句式常见转折：1.but 转折如：Id like to,but we have visitors from Finland.Neither do I.But I think we should get it over with.2.howev
43、er,though,yet等其他转折如：The speech is good,though it could be better.50解题技巧：解题技巧：1.转折之后为听音重点转折之后为听音重点 如果听到如果听到but,however等表示转折的词语，等表示转折的词语，应该应该重点留意后面的内容，答案往往就在重点留意后面的内容，答案往往就在其中。其中。2.抓住说话人的语气抓住说话人的语气 说话人往往是说话人往往是“先肯定某件事，然后通过先肯定某件事，然后通过转折表达出真实的意图或实际的情况转折表达出真实的意图或实际的情况”，听音时应根据说话人的听音时应根据说话人的语气语气进行判断进行判断51
44、二、条件句式：两种条件句1.真实条件句 真实条件句常用于表达事情发生的条件，它表示的是事实或是在说话人看来可能实现的事情52如：If it rains，we wont go to the park.Please tell him the truth if he comes.2.非真实条件句 非真实条件句，即虚拟条件句，它所表示的是与事实 相反或在说话人看来不太肯能实现的事情。如：If I were you,I would not do that.We would have bought that desk if we had enough money that day.53 解题技巧：解题技巧
45、：1.熟悉引出条件的常见词或短语熟悉引出条件的常见词或短语 听音时要留意条件句的引导词，从而抓住后面听音时要留意条件句的引导词，从而抓住后面条件句条件句的关键内容。听力中常见的引出条件句条件句的关键内容。听力中常见的引出条件的词或短语包括：条件的词或短语包括：if,unless,provided/providing(that),given(that)suppose/supposing(that),as long as,in case(that),in the event that,if only,with/without,one,lest,otherwise,but for等542.区分真实条
46、件句和虚拟条件句区分真实条件句和虚拟条件句 对于真实条件句，只需理解其字面意思即可；而对于真实条件句，只需理解其字面意思即可；而 对于对于虚拟条件句，则需理解其中隐含的真实情况虚拟条件句，则需理解其中隐含的真实情况 判断是真实条件句还是虚拟条件句主要是根据谓判断是真实条件句还是虚拟条件句主要是根据谓 语动词的形式。语动词的形式。3.反着选答案反着选答案 对于虚拟条件句，有一个重要的思路：反着选答对于虚拟条件句，有一个重要的思路：反着选答 案，因为虚拟语气表达的是与事实相反的情况，案，因为虚拟语气表达的是与事实相反的情况，题目的答案往往就是虚拟条件句中所隐含的事实题目的答案往往就是虚拟条件句中所
47、隐含的事实 情况。情况。55三、请求或建议句式：常用句式：1.had better do 如：Youd better go someplace where there are fewer distractions.Next time youd better choose a comedy.2.How about/What about doing?如：How about using our dining-room for the meeting?56 What about seeing a film tonight？3.Why not do?/Why dont?如：Why dont you tr
48、y the one near the railway station?Why not read it in the library and save the money?4.should/shouldnt do 如：You should try the place where I go.Youve been working like a horse.You should57 take a vacation.5.might as well do 如：You might as well simply skip the class and apologize to the professor lat
49、er.You might as well go to the east wing first to take a look at the Chinese booth.6.Cant/Dont/Shouldnt/?如：Cant you drop one course and pick it up next semester?587.Lets/Let me do(祈使句表达建议）如：Let me make some coffee to warm us up.Lets go shopping.8.Maybe（也许）如：Maybe you can try calling them.Maybe inste
50、ad of studying in your dorm,youd better go 9.Can/Will/Could/Would you(please)do?如：Will you hold the ladder for me?59 Could you tell me how to get to the Friendship Hotel?10.Would you mind doing?如：Would you mind saving the stamps for me?Would you mind closing the door?60解题技巧：解题技巧：1.熟悉表达请求或建议的句式熟悉表达请求