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1、 议论文写作指导议论文写作指导 对比分析对比分析 正反观点正反观点正反观点对比正反观点对比对同一件事情，人们常有不同的看法，即正反两种观点。对同一件事情，人们常有不同的看法，即正反两种观点。在写作时，常使用在写作时，常使用一般现在时一般现在时。写作格式一般是：。写作格式一般是：提出提出问题问题两种不同观点两种不同观点对两种不同观点的论据（理由）对两种不同观点的论据（理由）逐项作对比。逐项作对比。有时题目会要求说出自己的观点，可在结有时题目会要求说出自己的观点，可在结尾段加上自己的观点并简要说明理由，尾段加上自己的观点并简要说明理由，最好不要重复前最好不要重复前面的已谈到的理由面的已谈到的理由。
2、写作方式一般采用集中比较。在写。写作方式一般采用集中比较。在写作时可用以下句型来组织完成整篇文章：作时可用以下句型来组织完成整篇文章：正反观点对比常用句型正反观点对比常用句型(1)Wehavea(heated)discussionabout我们对我们对进行了一次进行了一次讨论。讨论。Wevehadadiscussionaboutwhetheranentrancefeeshouldbechargedforparks.(2)Wehavehadasurveyon我们对我们对开展了一次调查。开展了一次调查。Wevehadasurveyonwhetherstudentsshouldbeallowedto
3、carrymobilephonestoschools.(3)Opinionsaredividedonthequestion.在这个问题上意见有分歧。在这个问题上意见有分歧。(4)Opinionsaremainlydividedintotwogroups.有两种不同意见。有两种不同意见。(5)Othershavedifferentopinions.其他人有不同看法。其他人有不同看法。(6)Sixtypercentofthestudentsarefortheidea,whilefortypercentofthestudentsthinkotherwise.有有60%的学的学生支持这个观点生支持这个
4、观点，然而有然而有40%的学生则不这样认为。的学生则不这样认为。(7)Sixtypercentofthestudentsthinkitnecessaryto,butfortypercentofthestudentsdontthinkso.60%的学的学生认为生认为是必须的，而是必须的，而40%的学生则不这样认为。的学生则不这样认为。(8)Ontheonehand,Ontheotherhand,一方面一方面，另一方面，另一方面在对某一观点作进一步论证时，可用下列句型：在对某一观点作进一步论证时，可用下列句型：(1)Whatsmore,还有就是还有就是Whatsmore,wecangetagood
5、knowledgeofthecultureandsocialcustomsofthecountrywherewestudy,aswellasimproveourEnglish.(2)Besides,除此之外除此之外Somestudentscannotdisciplinethemselves.Besides,itsfartooexpensivetostudyabroad,whichisaloadtothefamily.当然在提出多个论据时，也可用当然在提出多个论据时，也可用First,Second,Third,来列举论据。来列举论据。80%students support it.The prog
6、ramme is creative and unique.It provides a stage for young people to show their talents.It lets young people gain more confidence than ever.20%students think that the programme misleads the youth to some degree.Let them feel success doesnt come from hard work.Being yourself isnt the same as being di
7、fferent from others.I am for this programme.As long as our study is not disturbed,we can watch it.80%students support it.The programme is creative and unique.In addition,it provides a stage for young people to show their talents,and helps young people gain more confidence than ever.On the contrary,2
8、0%students think that the programme misleads the youth to some degree.Whats worse,they will feel success doesnt come from hard work.After all,being yourself isnt the same as being different from others in behaviours or appearance.In my opinion,I am for this programme.As long as our study is not dist
9、urbed,we can watch it.Dear editor,I am writing to tell you about my classmates opinions about a TV programme-Super Girl.Opinions vary from person to person.80%of them are for this TV programme.They argue that this programme not only provides the young with a stage to show their talents but also give
10、s a chance to them to build up their self-confidence.Whats more,this programme is creative and advocates personality,which meets the youths need.On the contrary,20%of them are against this programme.Reasons can be listed as follows.For one thing,it misleads the youths to some degree,perhaps they wil
11、l misunderstand that they can succeed without any hard work.For another,being yourself doesnt mean being different from others behaviour or appearance.However,every coin has two sides,this programme is not an exception,it has its own advantages and disadvantages.Yours,Li Ming常见错误常见错误*拼写拼写 1.Their op
12、inion are devided on this programme.Their opinions vary from person to person.Their opinions are divided on this programme.2.It make people feel that they can success without make any effort.It makes people feel that they can succeed without making any effort.It makes people feel that they can achie
13、ve success without hard work.3.It will misled the young in some ways.It will mislead the young in some ways/in a way/to some extent/to some degree.4.It effects our study.It affects our study.It has a bad effect/influence on our study.5.On the country,some student againsted the programme.On the contr
14、ary,some students are against the programme.,some students are not in favour of this programme.,some students do not enjoy this programme.*搭配搭配(词性词性)1.In the other hands,20%students dont agree to them.On the other hand,20%of the students dont agree with them.On the other hand,other students have dif
15、ferent ideas.2.Let the younger to find more self-confident.Let the young/the youth/young people gain/build up self-confidence.Help the young be more self-confident.equip the young with self-confidence.3.This programme is not only creation but personality.This programme is not only creative but uniqu
16、e.This programme is creative and it appeals to/advocates personality.*高级高级(句式句式)1.Thereare80%studentssupporttheSuperGirl.80%studentssupporttheSuperGirl.Thereare80%studentswhosupporttheSuperGirl.Thereare80%studentssupportingtheSuperGirl.2.It provides the stage to young people to show our talents.It p
17、rovides young people with a stage to demonstrate their talents.It provides a stage for young people to show their talents.(offer opportunities to/give chances to)最近，你校同学正在参加某英文报组织的一场讨论。最近，你校同学正在参加某英文报组织的一场讨论。讨论的主题是：公园要不要收门票？请你根据下表提供讨论的主题是：公园要不要收门票？请你根据下表提供的信息，给报社写一封信，客观地介绍讨论情况。的信息，给报社写一封信，客观地介绍讨论情况。
18、注意：注意：1、信的开头已为你写好。、信的开头已为你写好。2、词数：、词数：100左右。左右。3、参考词汇：门票：、参考词汇：门票：entrancefeeDearEditor,Imwritingtotellyouaboutthediscussionwevehadaboutwhetheranentrancefeeshouldbechargedforparks.60%的同学认为的同学认为40%的同学认为的同学认为1、不应收门票、不应收门票2、公园是公众休闲的地方、公园是公众休闲的地方3、如收票，需建大门、围墙，、如收票，需建大门、围墙，会影响城市形象会影响城市形象1、应收门票，但票价不宜高、应收门
19、票，但票价不宜高2、支付园林工人工资、支付园林工人工资3、购新花木、购新花木2002年高考题范文年高考题范文Dear Editor,Im writing to tell you about the discussion weve had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks(提出问题提出问题).Opinionsaredividedonthequestion.60ofthestudentsareagainsttheideaofentrancefee.Theybelieveapublicparkshouldbefreeo
20、fcharge.Peopleneedaplacewheretheycanrestandenjoythemselves.Changingentrancefeeswillnodoubtkeepsomepeopleaway.Whatismore,itwillbecomenecessarytobuildgatesandwalls,whichwilldoharmtotheappearanceofacity.过渡句过渡句观点一观点一论据一论据一论据二论据二Ontheotherhand,40thinkthatfeesshouldbechargedbecauseyouneedmoneytopaygardene
21、rsandotherworkers,andtobuyplantsandyoungtrees.Theysuggest,however,feesshouldbechargedlow.YourstrulyLiHua可以看出，这类文章的写作，首先要提出问题，可以看出，这类文章的写作，首先要提出问题，即双方讨论的问题。接下来提出观点一，并用一系即双方讨论的问题。接下来提出观点一，并用一系列论据进行阐明。说明完观点一之后，再提出观点列论据进行阐明。说明完观点一之后，再提出观点二，继续用论据进行说明。如果需要说明自己的观二，继续用论据进行说明。如果需要说明自己的观点，可接下来说明自己的观点。点，可接下来说明
22、自己的观点。观点二观点二论据一论据一论据二论据二对比类写作对比类写作实战模版实战模版 议论文的框架议论文的框架-对比观点题型对比观点题型（1）要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。看法。1有一些人认为。有一些人认为。2另一些人认为。另一些人认为。3我的看法。我的看法。Thetopicof-（主题）（主题）isbecomingmoreandmorepopularrecently.Therearetwosidesofopinionsaboutit.SomepeoplesayAistheirfavorite.Theyholdtheirviewforthereaso
23、nof-（支持（支持A的理由一）的理由一）Whatismore,-(理由二理由二).Moreover,-(理由三理由三).WhileothersthinkthatBisabetterchoiceinthefollowingthreereasons.Firstly,-(支持支持B的理由一的理由一).Secondly(besides),-（理由二）（理由二）.Thirdly(finally),-(理理由三由三).Frommypointofview,Ithink-（我的观点）（我的观点）.Thereasonisthat-(原因原因).Asamatteroffact,therearesomeother
24、reasonstoexplainmychoice.Forme,theformerissurelyawisechoice.（2）给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点Somepeoplebelievethat-（观点一）（观点一）.Forexample,theythink-（举例（举例说明）说明）Anditwillbringthem-(为为他们带来的好处他们带来的好处).Inmyopinion,Ineverthinkthisreasoncanbethepoint.Foronething,-(我不同意该我不同意该看法的理由一看法的理由一).Foranotherthin
25、g,-(反反对的理由之二对的理由之二)FormallwhatIhavesaid,Iagreetothethoughtthat-(我对文章所讨论主题的看法我对文章所讨论主题的看法)(3)不同观点列举型（不同观点列举型（选择型选择型）Thereisawidespreadconcernovertheissuethat_作文题作文题目目.Butitiswellknownthattheopinionconcerningthishottopicvariesfrompersontoperson.Amajorityofpeoplethinkthat_观点一观点一_.Intheirviewsthereare2f
26、actorscontributingtothisattitudeasfollows:inthefirstplace,_原因原因一一_.Furthermore,inthesecondplace,_原因二原因二_.Soitgoeswithoutsayingthat_观点一观点一_.People,however,differintheiropinionsonthismatter.Somepeopleholdtheideathat_观二观二_.Intheirpointofview,ontheonehand，_原因一原因一_.Ontheotherhand,_原因二原因二_.Therefore,there
27、isnodoubtthat_观点二观点二_.AsfarasIamconcerned,Ifirmlysupporttheviewthat_观点一或二观点一或二_.Itisnotonlybecause_,butalsobecause_.Themore_,themore_.Practice in classPractice in class面对繁重的高中学习任务，高中生对参加学校活动面对繁重的高中学习任务，高中生对参加学校活动有着不同的看法，请以有着不同的看法，请以TakingPartinSchoolActivities为题，用英文写一篇为题，用英文写一篇120词左右的短文，着重介绍两种词左右的短文
28、，着重介绍两种不同的观点和态度，最后谈谈你个人的看法。不同的观点和态度，最后谈谈你个人的看法。很多学生持拥护态度，认为既可以学到实践知识，很多学生持拥护态度，认为既可以学到实践知识，又可以得到放松；又可以得到放松；不少学生漠不关心，认为学生就应该学习，学校活不少学生漠不关心，认为学生就应该学习，学校活动与学习无关，同时嘲讽积极参加学校活动的学生。动与学习无关，同时嘲讽积极参加学校活动的学生。标题和开头已给，不计入总词数。词数；标题和开头已给，不计入总词数。词数；120词左右。词左右。TakingPartinSchoolActivitiesAsforschoolactivities,studen
29、tsmainlyholdtwoviewsMain errorsMain errors1.时态：现在的时态时态：现在的时态2.Therearemanystudentssupportit.Therearemanystudentswhosupportit.Therearemanystudentssupportingit3.要有清晰的、完整的句子的痕迹要有清晰的、完整的句子的痕迹Thoseinfavorofthinkitisgoodforus.Becauseitcanhelpusgetrelaxed.Main errorsMain errorsThoseinfavorofthinkitisgoodfo
30、rus,becauseitcanhelpusgetrelaxed.Thoseinfavorofthinkitisgoodforus.Itisbecauseitcanhelpusgetrelaxed.清晰的句子的痕迹清晰的句子的痕迹Itcanhelpusmakemanyfriends,theywillgiveusmanyproposer.Itcanhelpusmakemanyfriends.Theywillgiveusmanyproposer.Itcanhelpusmakemanyfriends,andtheywillgiveusmanyproposer.Main errorsMain erro
31、rsTaking Part in School Activities As for school activities,students mainly holdtwo views.Manystudentsareveryenthusiasticaboutschoolactivitiesbecausetheythinkthatlearningfromtextbooksisnottheironlytaskandtheyshouldtakeanychancetogetsomepracticalknowledge.Besides,after long hours study,theycanrelaxth
32、emselvesbyparticipatinginschoolactivities.However,alargegroupofstudentstakelittleinterestinthemandspendmostoftheirtimeonstudy.Theybelievethattheyshouldmakefulluseoftimetostudyandthatschoolactivitieshavelittletodowiththeirfurtherdevelopment.Thussometimestheyevenlaughatthosewhotakeanactivepartinschool
33、activities.AsfarasIamconcerned,Ipreferthefirstview.Ontheonehand,wecanlearnagreatdealfromotherstudentswemeetinactivities.Furthermore,modernsocietyrequiresmanyqualitiesofyoungstudents,so“bookworms”cantkeepupwiththetimes.requiressth.ofsb.要求某人某事要求某人某事Taking Part in School Activities As for school activi
34、ties,students mainly hold two views.Somestudentsareinclinedtoapproveofit.Theybelievethatbytakingpartinschoolactivities,studentscannotonlylearnsomepracticalknowledge,butalsorelaxthemselves.However,otherspaylittleattentiontoit.Obviously,theythinkstudyisstudentsonlytask.Whatthismeansisthatschoolactivit
35、ieshavenothingtodowithstudy.Besides,theysneeratthosewhotakepartinitactively.AsforasIamconcerned,theformeropinionholdsmoreweight.Ontopoftheabove-mentionedpositiveeffectsitmightbringabout,theschoolactivitiesalsoenrichourschoollifeandhelpustounderstandeachotherbetter.So,wecannotemphasizetheimportanceof
36、takingpartinschoolactivitiesenough.如何把句子写得丰富些？如何把句子写得丰富些？很多学生持拥护态度，认为既可以学到实践知识，又可以得到很多学生持拥护态度，认为既可以学到实践知识，又可以得到放松。放松。Somestudentsareinclinedtoapproveofit.Theybelievethatbytakingpartinschoolactivities,studentscannotonlylearnsomepracticalknowledge,butalsorelaxthemselves.Many students are very enthusia
37、stic aboutschool activities because they think that learningfrom textbooks is not their only task and theyshould take any chance to get some practicalknowledge.Besides,after long hours study,theycan relax themselves by participating in schoolactivities.HomeworkHomework根据教育部通知，从根据教育部通知，从2007年年9月月1日起，
38、中小日起，中小学生每天要跳校园集体舞。通知发出后，在社学生每天要跳校园集体舞。通知发出后，在社会上引起了热烈的讨论。假如你是李华，请根会上引起了热烈的讨论。假如你是李华，请根据下表提供的内容给据下表提供的内容给“ChinaDaily”编辑写一封编辑写一封信反映讨论情况，并提出自己的看法和理由。信反映讨论情况，并提出自己的看法和理由。注意：注意：(1)词数词数100-120；(2)开头已写好，不计入总词数。开头已写好，不计入总词数。参考词汇：集体舞参考词汇：集体舞groupdancing社交能力社交能力sociability赞成赞成1能锻炼身体：丰富校园生活。能锻炼身体：丰富校园生活。2增进学生
39、之间耳相了解。增进学生之间耳相了解。3培养社交能力，是一种健康的交流方式。培养社交能力，是一种健康的交流方式。反对反对1在农村学校无法实施，教师没有能力教，在农村学校无法实施，教师没有能力教，也没有合适的地方。也没有合适的地方。2校园集体舞不能达到锻炼身体的目的，只校园集体舞不能达到锻炼身体的目的，只是一种表演。是一种表演。你的你的看法看法Deareditor,TheDepartmentofEducationannounced能锻炼身体，丰富校园生活能锻炼身体，丰富校园生活begoodforhealthandcanenrichourschoollife培养社交能力培养社交能力improveth
40、eirsociability.不能达到锻炼身体的目的不能达到锻炼身体的目的canthelpstudentstokeepfitDear Editor,The Department of EducationannouncedinJune,2007thatfromSept.1,2007primaryandsecondaryschoolstudentswillhavedanceclass,whichhasledtoaheateddebate.Somepeoplethinkgroupdancingisgoodforhealthandcanenrichourschoollife.Ithelpsstuden
41、tsunderstandeachotherbetter.Alsoitcanhelpstudentsimprovetheirsociability.Itisahealthymeansofcommunication.Butotherpeopleholdtheoppositeview.Theyfeelthatinthecountryside,theteachersdonthaveenoughexperienceinteachingdancingandalsothereisntenoughroomforstudentstolearndancing.Lastbutnotleast,groupdancin
42、gisjustaformoraperformance,whichcanthelpstudentstokeepfit.Astome,groupdancingmayleadtoanincreaseofboysandgirlsfallinginlove(witheachother)oncetheyhavemorechancesforphysicalinteraction.Yours,LiHuaHomeworkHomework假设你是林明。你班最近就假设你是林明。你班最近就“大学生是否应该经济独立大学生是否应该经济独立”的话题展开了的话题展开了讨讨论，大家发表了不同看法。论，大家发表了不同看法。请你根
43、据以下所给内容，写一封信给请你根据以下所给内容，写一封信给21世纪世纪英语英语报高中生版反映讨论情况。讨论情况如下：报高中生版反映讨论情况。讨论情况如下：135的同学认为：通过打工可以获得工作经验，了解社会；同时还可的同学认为：通过打工可以获得工作经验，了解社会；同时还可以体会到父母挣钱的不易，避免乱花钱的不良习气。以体会到父母挣钱的不易，避免乱花钱的不良习气。250的同学认为：通过打工来付学费会影响自己的学习，自己可以通的同学认为：通过打工来付学费会影响自己的学习，自己可以通过好好学习来报答爹娘，回报社会。过好好学习来报答爹娘，回报社会。315的同学的同学(包括你在内包括你在内)觉得双方的观
44、点都有一定道理，但又不完全赞觉得双方的观点都有一定道理，但又不完全赞同，请简述你自己的看法。同，请简述你自己的看法。注意：注意：1文章开头已经给出，不计入总分；文章开头已经给出，不计入总分；2词数词数120个个(不包括起始句不包括起始句)；3参考词汇：学费参考词汇：学费tuitionfee报答报答repay经济独立经济独立financiallyindependentDeareditor，IamwritingtotellyouaboutarecentdiscussionwehadonwhetherornotuniversitystudentsshouldbeHomeworkHomeworkDea
45、reditor,Iamwritingtotellyouaboutarecentdiscussionwehavehadonwhetherornotuniversitystudentsshouldbefinanciallyindependent.35%ofmyclassmatesthinkthatuniversitystudentsdoingpart-timejobswillhelponetogainworkingexperienceandlearnmoreofsociety.Besides,whenstudentsfindithardfortheirparentstoearnmoney,they
46、wontformthehabitofHomeworkHomeworkwastingtheirmoney.50%ofthestudentsholdtheviewthatuniversitystudentsneedntbefinanciallyindependent,becausetryingtomakemoneyintheirsparetimewillaffecttheirstudies.Theyalsothinkthattheycanrepaytheirparentsandsocietybystudyingharder.15%ofmyfellowstudents,myselfincluded,partlyagreewiththem.HomeworkHomeworkWethinkthatasgrown-ups,weshouldntdependonourparentsanymore.Personally,Ithoughtifourparentscanaffordtopaythetuitionfeeforus,weshoulddevoteourselvestoourstudiesandtrytodobetter.Thankyouforreadingmyletter.Yours,LinMing