《探析环保节能型建筑材料的研究现状及发展策略.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《探析环保节能型建筑材料的研究现状及发展策略.doc（16页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、 探析环保节能型建筑材料的研究现状及发展策略论文关键词:建筑材料节能环保发展策略Paper keywords: energy conservation and environmental protection building materials development strategy论文摘要:对环保节能型建筑材料的研究现状进行了综述，对环保节能型建筑材料的发展、应用进行了展望，指出建筑材料的环保节能是当前世界上普遍关注的热点问题，环保节能型建筑材料的发展离不开高新技术及新材料的应用。Abstract: the research status quo of environmental pro
2、tection energy-saving building materials were summarized, the development of green energy-saving building materials, the application is prospected, points out that the construction materials of environmental protection, energy conservation is the current hot issues of common concern to the world, th
3、e development of green energy-saving building materials is dependent on the application of high and new technology and new materials.建筑材料的生产和加工行业是一个典型的能源消耗型产业，其生产和加工过程中不仅耗费大量的能源，还会污染环境。据统计，2005年建材行业消耗各类能源占全国能源消耗总量的7%，其产生的粉尘和排放分别占全国工业粉尘和排放总量的63%和8. 5 %位居全国工业的第一位和第二位。由此可见，在全国节能减排工作中，建材工业具有举足轻重的作用。因而，发
4、展和推广环保节能型建筑材料是势在必行的。Building materials production and processing industry is a typical energy consumption industry, its not only cost a lot of energy in the process of production and processing, and also will pollute the environment. According to statistics, in 2005, energy consumption of all kinds
5、of building materials industry accounts for 7% of the total national energy consumption, its produce dust and emissions, respectively accounted for 63% of the national industrial dust and emissions and 8. 5% among the industrys first and second. Thus, in the national energy conservation and emission
6、s reduction work, the building materials industry plays a decisive role. Thus, the development and promotion of environmental protection energy-saving building materials is imperative.建筑材料要做到环保节能，就必须综合考虑建筑材料的生产和使用能耗，尽量采用工业废渣做原料，在保证一定材料成本的条件下，选择保温效果好的建筑材料。环保节能建筑材料是以最少的资料，并尽量利用工农业废弃物及再生材料制造出的高效能建筑材料。在
7、生产过程中也尽量减少对大气污染和能源消耗。To achieve environmental protection and energy saving building materials, construction materials should be considered the production and use of energy consumption, by industrial waste residue as raw material, as far as possible under the condition of guarantee of material cost,
8、choose heat preservation building materials with good effect. Environmental protection and energy saving building materials is the least amount of information, and make the most of industrial and agricultural waste and recycled materials to create highly efficient building materials. In the process
9、of production is to reduce as much as possible about air pollution and energy consumption.1环保节能型建筑材料的发展及应用现状1 environmental protection energy-saving building materials development and application status1. 1环保节能型建筑材料的发展现状1. 1 the development of green energy-saving building material status1 .1. 1废弃植物纤
10、维1. 1. 1 waste plant fiber废弃植物纤维是一种具有多种用途的可再生生物资源，主要是指农作物秸秆、废弃木质材料、废弃竹子等。我国是一个农业大国，农作物秸秆等废弃植物纤维资源十分丰富。Waste plant fiber is a versatile renewable biological resources, is mainly refers to the crop straw, waste wood, waste bamboo, etc. Our country is an agricultural big country, crop straw and waste p
11、lant fiber resource is very rich.废弃植物纤维具有很多良好的性能，在环保节能型建筑材料的开发与应用中具有很大的性能潜力。Waste plant fiber has a lot of good performance, in the development and application of environmentally friendly energy-saving construction materials have great potential for performance.相对于其他建筑材料而言，以秸秆等植物纤维为原材料制成的砌块加工过程简单快捷，
12、没有环境污染，可以称得上是绿色环保节能性材料，用它来建造的建筑更可称得上是百分之百的生态建筑。但是由于材料本身的特性，适用于的建筑也有一定的局限性，目前无法用于两层以上的建筑承重构件的需要，不过对于目前广泛需求的私人住宅及小型的公共建筑，秸秆砌块是非常适合的，同时也迎合了当前人们崇尚自然的心态。Relative to the other building materials, straw plant fiber as raw materials made of a block processing process is simple and quick, no environmental po
13、llution, is the green environmental protection and energy saving materials, use it to build the building can be more one hundred percent of ecological architecture. But due to the nature of the material itself, is suitable for the building also has certain limitation, is currently not used for more
14、than two layers architecture supporting members need, but for the current wide demand of private houses and public buildings, small straw block is very suitable for, and at the same time cater to the mentality of people advocate natural.1. 1.2石膏建材1. 1.2 gypsum building materials石膏类建材具有的优点:1)石膏的锻烧能耗比
15、较低(仅为水泥的1 /4、石灰的1/3)，因而用石膏做建材可大大节约能源;2)石膏建材比实心砖、混凝土均节约材料;3)石膏建材具有可循环使用性，不产生建筑垃圾;4)石膏无毒无害，具有良好的耐热、耐火性。1 .1.3粉煤灰Gypsum building materials with the advantages of: 1) calcine with low energy consumption of gypsum (was only about a quarter of cement, lime 1/3), so do with gypsum building materials can gr
16、eatly save energy; 2) gypsum building materials than solid brick, concrete, save materials; 3) gypsum building materials with recycled usage, do not produce construction waste; 4) gypsum non-toxic harmless, good heat resistance, fire resistance. 1. 1.3 the fly ash粉煤灰是火力发电厂燃煤粉锅炉排出的一种工业废渣。我国2000年粉煤灰排放
17、量1.6亿t，且每年不断递增，粉煤灰堆放占地面积大，且威胁生态环境，处置粉煤灰的一个有效办法是将粉煤灰应用于建材。利用粉煤灰代替部分赫土制作烧结砖、空心砖、墙地砖以及粉煤灰烧结陶粒等，而掺加粉煤灰生产的陶质制品是很有发展前途的新型环保节能建筑材料。Fly ash is a kind of coal powder in thermal power plant boiler exhaust industrial waste residue. Fly ash emissions in 2000 2000 t in China, and constantly increasing each year,
18、 the fly ash piled up in the area is large, and the threat to the ecological environment, the an effective way to dispose of fly ash is the application of fly ash in building materials. Hector soil with fly ash instead of producing sintered brick, hollow brick, floor tile of wall and sintered fly as
19、h haydite, etc., and production of ceramic products mixed with fly ash is a promising new type of environmental protection and energy saving building materials.1 .1 .4泡沫玻璃1. 1. 4 foam glass泡沫玻璃是集环保、保温、阻燃、隔潮、吸声于一体的新型建筑材料。其原料是废弃的各种颜色平板或瓶罐玻璃碎块，属于废物利用;生产的产品具有显着的环保效益;生产过程不产生“三废”。Foam glass is set environ
20、mental protection, thermal insulation, flame retardant, moist insulation, sound absorption in the integration of new building materials. Its raw material is waste of various color flat bottles or glass fragments, belongs to the recycling; Products have significant environmental benefits; The product
21、ion process does not produce three wastes.泡沫玻璃具有自重轻、抗压强度高、导热率低、耐火性好、抗渗防水能力强、化学稳定性高等特点，是一种既保温又保冷的建筑材料。目前，泡沫玻璃广泛适用于各种场所，如代替砖和砌块，作为屋面、墙体、天棚材料和保温隔热构件。Foam glass has the advantage of light deadweight, high compressive strength, low thermal conductivity, good fire resistance and permeability waterproof ca
22、pability, high chemical stability, etc, is a kind of heat preservation and cold insulation building materials. At present, the foam glass is widely used in various places, such as instead of brick and block, as the roof, wall, ceiling heat preservation and heat insulation material and components.1 .
23、1 .5膜材料1. 1. 5 membrane materials建筑用复合膜材料具有透光性好、密度小、机械强度高、耐久、防火、保温和抗紫外线等优良特性，因而成为新一代的环保节能型建筑材料。用于建筑中的膜材料种类繁多，按材质的不同可分为两大类:1) PTFE类膜材料，其树脂的含量大于90%;2)PVC类膜材料。Building composite membrane material has good pervious to light, small density, high mechanical strength, durable, fire prevention, heat preserv
24、ation and ultraviolet resistance and other excellent characteristics, and thus become a new generation of environmentally friendly energy-saving construction materials. Membrane for use in the building materials variety, according to the material of different can be divided into two broad categories
25、: 1) PTFE membrane material, its resin content greater than 90%; 2) PVC membrane materials.膜材对自然光的透光率可达20，即使对保温隔热性能要求较高的双层膜建筑，其透光率也达4%一8%，透射光在膜结构建筑内部产生均匀的漫射光，无阴影、无眩光，白天可满足各种室内活动的需要，因而可节省大量的照明用电。膜材有较高的反射率和较低的光吸收率，并且热传导性较低，这在很大程度上阻止了太阳能辐射进人室内，减少了热量的传递，具有良好的保温隔热性能。膜材化学性能稳定，不会对环境造成污染和人体造成伤害，膜材作为一种绿色建材在发
26、达国家得到了大力的推广和应用。Membrane material for natural light transmittance can reach 20, even though higher requirements on the thermal insulation performance of double-layer membrane architecture, its light transmittance is 4% a 8%, transmitted light in membrane structure building interior evenly diffuse lig
27、ht, no shadow, no glare, to meet the needs of all kinds of indoor activities during the day, so can save a lot of electricity for lighting. Membrane material with high reflectivity and low light absorption rate, and low thermal conductivity, which to a great extent, prevent solar radiation into the
28、interior, reduced the heat transfer, has good heat preservation and heat insulation performance. Membrane material chemical performance is stable, wont cause pollution to environment and human body damage, membrane material, as a kind of green building materials in the developed countries vigorously
29、 promotion and application.1 .1 .6其他环保节能型建材1. 1. 6 and other environmental protection energy-saving building materials一种纳米微胶囊相变材料可作为新型的环保节能型建筑材料，其主要成分为纳米和微胶囊化的相变材料。纳米在光催化作用下，能杀死病毒，消除VOC和无机有害气体，能在不通人室外新风的情况下有效提高室内空气品质，减少空调系统的能耗;同时，微胶囊相变材料通过相变，物质的分子结构迅速地发生转变，在恒温状态下进行吸热或放热，在外界温度变化时能有效地保持室内热环境的稳定性，减少了能量
30、的损耗，达到建筑节能的目的。A nanometer microcapsule phase-change materials can be used as a new type of green energy-saving building material, its main components in nano and microcapsule of phase change materials. Nano under photocatalysis, can kill viruses, eliminate VOC and inorganic harmful gas, can in the c
31、ase of outdoor air impassability people improve indoor air quality, reducing energy consumption of air conditioning system; At the same time, the microcapsule phase-transition materials by phase transformation, the molecular structure of the material change quickly, endothermic or exothermic under c
32、onstant temperature condition, when the ambient temperature changes can effectively maintain the stability of the indoor thermal environment, reduce the energy consumption, achieve the goal of building energy efficiency.1.2环保节能型建筑材料的应用现状1.2 environmental protection present situation of the applicati
33、on of energy-saving building materials1.2.1用于墙体及围护结构的环保节能型建材1.2.1 green energy-saving building material for wall and retaining structure节能型外墙所用建材必须兼顾合适的储热能力和好的保温隔热性能，复合型墙体是首选。Energy-saving building materials used in exterior wall must take into account appropriate heat storage capability and good th
34、ermal insulation properties, composite wall is preferred.空心砌块和多孔砖是常用的、节能良好的墙体建材。在空心砌块的墙体中，可向空隙中填加膨胀珍珠岩、散状玻璃棉或散状矿物棉等松散填充绝热保温材料，降低墙体导热系数及砌块之间的对流换热作用。另外，用高压缩空气把絮状的或块状的玻璃棉吹到墙体空腔中，填充密实，同样能起到很好的保温作用。Porous brick and hollow block is a common, good energy-saving wall materials. In hollow block wall, can be
35、add in to the space expanded perlite, loose glass wool or loose fill insulation materials such as mineral cotton, to reduce wall thermal conductivity and convective heat transfer between the block effect. In addition, the flocculent with high compressed air or a block of glass cotton into the wall i
36、n the cavity, filling is close-grained, also can have very good heat preservation effect.节能型墙体建材应用较多的还有加气混凝土。加气混凝土是优良的低能耗新型墙体保温节能材料，是目前所有墙体材料中唯一能够满足节能标准65%要求的单一材料。它已广泛用于内外墙体、屋面、楼层和平坡屋面，不仅可以用于民用居住建筑，而且可以广泛地用于工业建筑和4层以下混合结构建筑的承重墙体。Energy-saving and aerated concrete wall building materials is widely app
37、lied. Aerated concrete is a good low energy consumption new wall heat preservation and heat insulation material, are all wall materials in only a single material can meet the requirements of energy saving 65% standard. It has been widely used in slope roof, inside and outside walls, roof, floor peac
38、e not only can be used in civilian residential buildings, and can be widely used in industrial buildings and 4 layer the following load-bearing wall hybrid structures.对于建筑的围护结构，则可采用轻质高效的玻璃棉、岩棉、泡沫塑料等保温材料，以减轻建筑能耗。For building palisade structure, can use of lightweight and efficient glass wool, rock wo
39、ol, foam heat preservation material, in order to reduce building energy consumption.1.2.2用于屋顶、地板及门窗的环保节能型建材1.2.2 used in roof, floor and door to environmental protection and energy-saving building materials用于屋顶的环保节能型建材有玻璃棉或矿物棉毡(垫)，这些保温材料与装饰贴面复合而成的天花板，能减少阁楼空间与屋顶天花板之间的传热系数，起到隔热保温的作用。Used for roof gree
40、n energy-saving building material has glass cotton or mineral cotton blanket (pad), the heat preservation material compounded with decorative veneered ceiling, can reduce the attic space and heat transfer coefficient between the roof ceiling, heat insulation effect.门窗能耗占我国高能耗建筑中总能耗约40%因而门窗的环保节能显得尤为重
41、要。塑料门窗的隔热性能比常用的钢、木、铝合金门窗要好得多;同时塑料门窗生产过程中采用清洁的生产技术，少用天然能源，生产出的门窗无毒害、无污染、无放射性，有利于环境保护和人体健康，符合人们提出的“绿色建材”的概念，因而塑料门窗属于环保节能型建材。Doors and Windows energy consumption accounted for 40% of the total energy consumption in high energy consumption of construction so the environmental protection and energy savin
42、g of Windows and doors appears especially important. Plastic doors and Windows insulation performance than common steel, wood, aluminum alloy doors and Windows is better; Also used in the process of plastic doors and Windows production of clean production technology, use less natural energy, produce
43、 doors and Windows of non-toxic, no pollution, no radiation, beneficial to environmental protection and human health, in line with the people put forward the concept of green building materials, and plastic doors and Windows belong to environmental protection and energy-saving building materials.2环保
44、节能型建材未来发展策略探讨2 environmental protection energy-saving building materials for the future development strategy开发环保节能型建材，从根本上改变我国建材工业发展中存在的高投人低产出、高消耗、高污染、低效益的粗放式生产方式，选择资源节约型、污染最低型、质量效益型、科技先导型的发展方式，把建材的发展和资源利用、生态保护、污染治理有机地结合起来，这是21世纪我国建筑材料发展的战略目标。Development of green energy-saving building materials, fu
45、ndamentally change the existing in the development of Chinas building materials industry high investment and low output, high consumption, high pollution and low benefit of vulgar production mode, select resource saving type, minimum pollution, product quality, the development of science and technol
46、ogy straight-pilot way, the development of the building materials and resource utilization, ecological protection, pollution control organically, it is strategic target of building materials in China in the 21st century development.我国建材行业未来发展战略方向应该是:大力发展环保节能型建材，采用低能耗制造工艺和不污染环境的生产技术，尽量不使用含有对人体有害的、有机化
47、学物质，兼顾可回收利用和循环生产，坚持走资源节约型和环境友好型的可持续发展道路。Strategic direction for future development of China building materials industry should be: to develop environmental protection energy-saving building materials, with low energy consumption of manufacturing process and not pollute the environment of production
48、technology, as far as possible dont use contain harmful to human body, organic chemicals, recyclable and cycle production, adhere to the sustainable development of resource saving and environment friendly way.3结语3 conclusion建筑材料的环保节能是落实可持续发展重要国策和科学发展观的重要政策。建材的环保节能不仅是一个经济问题，更重要的是一个国家发展的战略性问题。政府、媒体都有责
49、任与义务去引导消费者，只有这样我国环保节能型建筑的发展之路才能更加开阔。建设行政主管部门应强化监管力度，让环保节能工作得到贯彻落实，使建筑真正达到降低能耗、节省开支、节约资源和环境友好的目的。建筑节能型社会，需要大家的努力和参与，让健康、舒适、低能耗建筑在祖国大地蓬勃兴起，造福人民，造福社会。Construction materials of environmental protection and energy saving is an important state policy to carry out the sustainable development and the scientific concept of development important policy. Building m