SINT粉末冶金材料.pdf

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1、MATERIALS FORSINTEREDSTRUCTURALCOMPONENTS ANDSELF-LUBRICATINGBEARINGS2The GKN Sinter Metals List of Materials provides an overview of PM alloys that are commonly usedfor powder metal structural components and self-lubricating bearings including selected material properties.Other compositons can be s

2、upplied byGKN Sinter Metals when agreed with sales and technology.Modifications and supplements to the list materials will be introduced without referenceor notification.This does not refer to the duty ofinformation on the current supply of parts.Additional information and refences are given inthe b

3、rochures related to special processes orproducts and in the GKN Sinter Metals GeneralBrochure.Remarks Referring to the TablesThe tables are divided into the main sections“Admissible Range“and“Informative Values“.Admissible ranges of density and porosity as well asthe range of chemical composition ar

4、e given in theleft section.Also included are minimum hardnessvalues that are attained even at the lowest possibledensity and with unfavourable chemical composi-tions within the admissible range.These hardnessvalues can be verified on the finished components.The section on the right contains informat

5、ive valuesof selected material properties representing a givenspecified density value and a certain chemical composition within the range specified in the sectionon the left.These properties should not be regardedas guaranteed properties in a legal sense.Informative property values have been determi

6、nedon test bars(ISO 2740)in the as-sintered state;therefore they cannot be verified on the finishedcomponent.The use of micro tensile test bars cutout of a supplied component is not allowed nor canthe tensile strenght be deducted from a hardnessmeasurement.Many material properties are positively aff

7、ected bysubsequent sizing or heat treatment.It is stronglyrecommended to inquire the consequences ofthese processes on mechanical and physical properties as well as on part dimensions from thesupplying plant.Determination of PropertiesMechanical and physical properties stated in thetables haven been

8、 determined on the basis of SintTest Standards(DIN 30910 Part 1,Part 3 and Part 4).Further details are given in DIN 30910 Part 1 Section6.The chemical composition is determined accordingto the respective standards.Where these are not applicable,suitable testmethods should be agreed.31600140012001000

9、8006004002000GG 35GG 10Nodularcast ironGS 70GGG 50GTW 35githeattreatedSistaRhlitheattreatedWerhoditSt 70St 3330CrMoV941Cr4Ck22Grey cast ironSteel castingsNodular cast ironMalleable cast ironGKN Sinter Metals sintered steelsCommonstructuralsteelsHeat-treatablesteelsUltimate tensile strenght.MPaFigure

10、 1Bending fatigue strenght.MPa7006005004003002001000Figure 2Grey cast irongitSistaRhlitWerhoditCommonstructuralsteelsHeat-treatablesteelsComparison of sintered steels and conventional steels with respect to ultimate tensile strenght(Figure 1)and bending fatigue strenght(Figure 2)CCuNiMoPFeHBCCuNiAll

11、 values given apply to the as-sintered.not re-pressed condition1)In addition to the elements mentioned.further alloying elements up to 2%are admitted.2)Sizing will reduce the elongation.3)Bending load.2.106cycles,notch factor K=1.0(ref.30912 Part 6).git 15C 006.4 6.8 0.3 356.6git 20C 106.4 6.8 406.6

12、1.5git 25C 016.4 6.80.3 0.6 706.60.5git 26C 306.4 6.8 0.31 51 5 556.60.31.54.0git 29C 356.4 6.8 0.3 706.6git 36C 366.4 6.8 806.62.0git 40C 116.4 6.80.4 1.51 5bal.806.60.81.5git 50C 396.4 6.80.3 0.61 31 5 906.60.51.54.0Sista 25D 006.8 7.2 0.3 456.9Sista 30D 106.8 7.2 506.91.5Sista 33D 016.8 7.20.3 0.

13、6 906.90.5Sista 34D 356.8 7.2 0.3 806.9Sista 40D 366.8 7.2 906.92.0Sista 456.8 7.2 0.31 51 3 606.90.31.51.8Sista 50D 116.8 7.20.4 1.51 5bal.956.90.61.5Sista 55D 306.8 7.2 0.31 51 5 606.90.31.54.0Sista 60D 396.8 7.20.3 0.61 31 5 1206.90.51.54.0Sista 806.9 7.20.2 0.8 51 7 1807.10.61.54.0Sista 1006.8 7

14、.30.3 0.8 51 7 1807.20.61.54.0Rhlit 25E 00 7.2 0.3 607.4Rhlit 30 7.2 0.3 707.40.3Rhlit 35E 10 7.2 807.31.5Rhlit 60E 30 7.2 0.31 51 5 907.30.31.54.0GGGG4PM Materials forStructural ComponentsSint-g/cm3%g/cm3%SinteredsteelsEquiv.to30910DensityChemical composition1)(mass percentage)Hard-nessDensityChemi

15、ca(mass Standard materials(should be preferred)GAdmissible rangesMoPFeandereHBRMRp 0.1A2)E.103D.3)bal.0.54013060410065bal.0.555230160310090bal.0.5802601803100750.5bal.0.510539031021001000.45bal.0.51003102905100850.45bal.0.5100360290510090bal.0.512546032021001000.5bal.0.51505203702100115bal.0.5501309

16、01013080bal.0.5853002106130120bal.0.510032031031301000.45bal.0.590330230121301100.45bal.0.510538032061301150.5bal.0.51104502808130140bal.0.515057040021301300.5bal.0.513051037031301500.5bal.0.518060041021301500.5bal.0.524080043021401600.5bal.0.530010004302150180bal.0.56025014020160110bal.0.5803001801

17、2160150bal.0.5100350240101601600.5bal.0.512060042051601705%MPaMPa%MPaMPaHard-nessUTSYieldstrenghtElonga-tionYoungsmodulusBendingfatiguestrenghtal composition1)s percentage)git is a group of materials used for normally loadedparts.The porosity can be impregnated with oil forreduced friction.Propertie

18、s/applicationsSista is a group of materials for higher mechanical loading.Rhlit is suitable for every high mechanical loading applications.It combines high toughness and gooddynamic properties.Please note“Remarks Referring to the Tables“and“Determination of Properties“on page 2Informative valuesCuMg

19、SiAlHBCugit SB 15C 507.2 7.7 357.4Densit SB 18D 507.7 8.1 457.96PM Materials forStructural ComponentsStandard materials(should be preferred)GCtotSnPbZnFeCuHBCgesSint-g/cm3%g/cm3%Admissible rangesCopper base alloysEquiv.to30910DensityChemical composition1)(mass percentage)Hard-nessDensityGgit R 20C 4

20、06.4 6.8 0.1 16 1910 142 4 956.60.06git R 45C 426.4 6.8 0.1 16 19 1406.60.06git R 50C 436.4 6.80.1 0.311 13 1656.60.20Sista R 30D 406.8 7.2 0.116 1910 142 4 1256.90.06CgesCrNiMoCuFeHBCgesg/cm3%g/cm3%Corrosion resistantsintered steelAlumix 123E 732.55 2.654 6 1 652.64.5Alumix 123F 73 2.654 6 1 1002.7

21、4.5Alumix 231E 73/Si2.45 2.552 3 802.52.5Alumix 231F 73/Si 2.552 3 1102.62.5g/cm3%g/cm3%SinteredaluminiumAll values given apply to the as-sintered.not re-pressed condition.1)In addition to the elements mentioned,further alloying elements up to 2%are admitted.2)Sizing will reduce the elongation.3)Cor

22、rosion resistance depending on temperatur and medium.MgSiAlothersHBRmRp 0.1AE.10310bal.0.5401509045010bal.0.5552201206707SnPbZnFeCuothersHBRmRp 0.1AE.103%MPaMPa%MPaInformative valuesChemical composition1)(mass percentage)Hard-nessUTSYieldstrenghtElonga-tionYoungsmodulusProperties/applications18132.5

23、bal.0.51103302501100193bal.0.5140450330110011bal.0.5170420330110018132.5bal.0.51355103701130CrNiMoCuFeothersHBRmRp 0.1AE.103%MPaMPa%MPaCorrosion resistant3).partly heat-treatable.0.50.7bal.0.5802001501500.50.7bal.0.51102502201600.514bal.0.5901400500.514bal.0.5120180060%MPaMPa%MPaCorrosion resistant3

24、).low friction.high ductility.Please note“Remarks Referring to the Tables“and“Determination of Properties“on page 2Corrosion resistant3).low weight.CgesPFeHcHBCgesAll values given to the as-sintered.not re-pressed condiition.1)Powder forged steels are manufactured as case hardening steels with 0.15

25、to 0.3%C or as heat-treatable steels with 0.4 to 0.6%C.They can be case hardened or quench-and-temper heat treated like wrought steels.The mechanical properties may be affected bymodifications of the heat treatment parameters;details should be agreed with us.2)In addition to the elements mentioned,f

26、urther alloying elements up to 2%are admitted.3)Bending load.2.106cycles,notch factor k=1.0(ref.30912 Part 6).4)Austenitized at 900C,60 minutes-oil quenched;tempered at 600C,60 minutes,protective gas.Perma-git 70C 386.4 6.8 0.10.3 0.6bal.556.6Perma-git 160C 026.4 6.8 0.1bal.356.6Perma-Densit 60D 386

27、.8 7.2 0.10.3 0.6bal.657.0Perma-Densit 130D 026.8 7.2 0.1bal.407.0Perma-Rhlit 557.2 7.5 0.10.3 0.6bal.757.3Perma-Rhlit 90E 027.2 7.5 0.1bal.507.38PM Materials forStructural ComponentsStandard materials(should be preferred)GDensityChemical composition2)(mass percentage)Coerciveforce3)Hard-nessDensity

28、ChSint-g/cm3%g/cm3%GAdmissible rangesEquiv.to30910DensityPorosityChemical composition2)(mass percentage)HardnessDensityChemica(mass.100CMnNiMoCrFeHBCMnNiSint-g/cm3%g/cm3%0.30.3Werhodit 60F 00 7.5 140 2207.80.40.350.50.40.30.30.20.20.1Werhodit 70F 30 7.5 160 2607.80.40.350.30.50.40.40.40.250.30.21.80

29、.5Werhodit 80F 31 7.5 180 3007.80.40.251.90.50.32.00.60.20.8Werhodit 90 7.5 1807.80.60.61.5AsforgedHeattreatedPowderforgedsteels1)Soft magneticmaterials5)Equiv.to30910PFeothersHcRmax.B 0.5B 5RmAE.1030.45bal.0.39046001.25222502100bal.0.313529000.81.11715041000.45bal.0.38556001.01.35222304130bal.0.312

30、038001.01.316200131300.45bal.0.35580001.21.45203305160bal.0.310544001.21.4514240101609hemical composition2)(mass percentage)Coerciveforce3)Max.permea-bility4)MagneticinductionSpec.resis-tantUTSElonga-tionYoungsmodulus%A/mTTcmMPa%MPaInformative valuesal composition2)s percentage)UTSYieldstrenghtElong

31、a-tionRed.ofareaHard-nessImpactstrenghtBendingfatiguestrenght3)MoCrFeothersRmRp 0.1AZHBArD2)%MPaMPa%JouleMPa2as forged600380173818040200bal.0.2heat treated4)720600143026037250as forged7004701535200352700.30.15bal.0.2heat treated4)950800112132035320as forged7705701430250353000.55bal.0.2heat treated4)

32、1150100092538030350as forged100069011n.b.320n.b.4001.5bal.0.2StateProperties/applicationsWerhodit lloys put powdermetallurgy in the position tosupply components for eventhe highest dynamic strenghtrequirements.e.g.in engines/transmissions.5)Annealing is required after a machining operation or sizing

33、(ref.DIN 30911 Part 7).6)Mere material properties.valid for closed magnetic circuits.The effective permeability may belower in circuits with an air gap.Please note“Remarks Referring to the Tables“and“Determination of Properties“on page 20.04181.81Nimonic 80 A 8.1bal.2 0.2 62S 10-4-3-10 AISI T 428.0

34、8.21.2 1.353.8 4.59.0 10.03.2 3.93.0 3.59.5 10.5bal.65S 12-1-5-5AISI T 158.1 8.31.45 1.603.8 4.511.5 12.50.7 1.04.5 5.04.5 5.0bal.63X 180 Cr WV 2017.7 7.81.70 1.9019 210.9 1.10.7 0.8bal.60S 6-5-2 AISI M 28.0 8.10.95 1.053.8 4.56.0 6.74.7 5.21.7 2.0bal.6210PM Materials forStructural ComponentsPM Mate

35、rials for Tools andHigh Wear ApplicationsAdmissible rangesDensityChemical composition2)(mass percentage)Hard-nessDensityCgesCrNiTiAlCoCuFeHVCgesCrg/cm3%g/cm3%Superalloy1)Admissible rangesDensityHard-nessChemical composition2)(mass percentage)CgesCrWMoVCoVHRCTool steelsg/cm3%S 6-5-2-5 AISI M 358.0 8.

36、10.85 0.953.8 4.56.0 6.74.7 5.21.7 2.04.5 5.0bal.631)Properties in the heat treated condition.2)In addition to the elements mentioned,further alloying elements up to 2.5%are admitted.3)Corrosion resistance depending on temperatur and medium.bal.2.51.31.50.5310900550152008.11.254653bal.0.5658.31.3410

37、4310bal.0.5678.21.6412155bal.0.5667.751.82010.75bal.0.5608.10.94652bal.0.56511Informative values3)Chemical composition2)(mass percentage)hard-nessUTSYieldstrenghtElonga-tionYoungsmodulusApplications/propertiesHigh temperatur resistant.corrosion resistant3)Please note“Remarks Referring to the Tables“

38、and“Determination of Properties“on page 2NiTiAlCoCuFeSiHVRmRp 0.1AE%MPaMPa%MPaInformative valuesDensityHard-nessChemical composition2)(mass percentage)CgesCrWMoVCoFeothersHRCg/cm3%8.10.946525bal.0.565Applications/propertiesCutting tools,likecutting inserts,drill tips,trimming dies,shaping dies,wear

39、parts.Applications with highwear,pumps.Chroni-Porit6.0 6.420 2.5 200 40Rhlit R 24 B6.2 6.615 2.5 200 30.100CuSnCMoS2FeKHBg/cm3%MPaLarge lubricantreservoirFerro-Porit A 00A 005.6 6.025 2.5 1 150 25Ferro-Porit A 10A 105.6 6.025 2.51 5 160 35Ferro-Porit A 20A 205.8 6.225 2.515 25 180 30Bronze-Porit A 5

40、0A 506.4 6.825 2.5bal.9 11 120 25Ferro-Porit B 00B 006.0 6.425 2.5 1 180 30Bronze-Porit B 50B 506.8 7.225 2.5bal.9 11 170 30Incorporatingsolid lubricantBronze-Porit A 51A 516.0 6.525 2.5bal.9 110.5 2 100 20Bronze-Porit B 51B 516.5 7.020 2.5bal.9 110.5 2 150 25git SB CC 517.0 7.515 2.5bal.9 110.5 2 1

41、70 30Bronze-Moly-Porit6.8 7.220 2.5bal.9 113 4 100 30Ferro-Moly-Porit6.4 6.817.5 2.520 max 600 110Ferro-Porit B 10B 106.0 6.420 2.51 5 190 40Ferro-Porit B 11B 116.0 6.420 2.51 50.4 1bal.270 70Ferro-Porit B 20B 206.2 6.620 2.515 25 200 45git 15C 006.4 6.815 2.5 1 220 40git 20C 106.4 6.815 2.51 5 230

42、55git SB 15C 507.2 7.715 2.5bal.9 11 200 35High loadingcapacity12PM Materials forSelf-lubricating BearingsStandard materials(should be preferred)GAdmissible rangesDensityPorosity2)Chemical composition1)(mass percentage)Radialcrushingstrenght3)Equiv.to30910Sint-DesignationHard-ness3)Admissible ranges

43、DensityPorosity2)Chemical composition1)(mass percentage)Radialcrushingstrenght3)Hard-ness3).100CCrNiMoBNFeKHBg/cm3%MPaDesignationCorrosionresistan5)alloysGGGGGGG1)In addition to the elements mentioned,further alloying elements up to 2%are admitted.2)The oil content is at least 90%of the open posorit

44、y.3)Values determined after sizing.Thermal expansion coefficient:(independent of the density):sintered iron and steel:12.10-6/K Sinterbronze:18.10-6/K6.2200.02517122.3bal.0.222070160n.b.6.4150.025171.5bal.0.225035180n.b.100CuSnCMoS2FeandereKHBd 0.2g/cm3%MPaMPaW/mK5.925bal.0.216030130375.9252.0bal.0.

45、217040150376.02520bal.0.220040140416.625bal.10 0.218030100326.320bal.0.219040160437.020bal.10 0.210035130326.325bal.101.54)0.21202580206.720bal.101.54)0.215530100267.115bal.101.54)0.217535120327.020bal.103.5 0.212035100326.617.5200.24)2.5bal.0.2720120240456.3202.0bal.0.220050170376.3202.00.64)bal.0.

46、228080160286.42020bal.0.222050160476.715bal.0.223050180486.7152.0bal.0.224065200427.415bal.10 0.2210401603713DensityPorosity2)Informative valuesChemical composition1)(mass percentage)Radialcrushingstrenght3)Hard-ness3)Compr.strenghtHeatconduc-tivityInformative valuesDensityPorosity2)Chemical composi

47、tion1)(mass percentage)Radialcrushingstrenght3)Hard-ness3)Compr.strenghtHeatconduc-tivity.100CCrNiMoBNFeandereKHBd 0.2g/cm3%MPaMPaMPaPlease note“Remarks Referring to the Tables“and“Determination of Properties“on page 24)Carbon in the form of free graphite.5)Corrosion resistance depending on temperat

48、ure and medium.14Processing stepsSIZINGPOWDER FORGINGSUBSEQUENT OPERATIONSLUBRICANTDEWAXINGSINTERINGCOOLINGFILLINGEJECTIONPRESSINGLUBRICANT GRAPHITEMIXINGBRONZE POWDERIRON POWDERMETALL ALLOY POWDER151.MixingRaw materials in powder form are mixed to the desired alloy composition.Insteadof mixes of si

49、ngle components it is possible to mix alloy powder,too.2.PressingParts are pressed in suitably designedcompaction tools.Depending on the compaction pressure,which is usuallybetween 400 MN/m2and 800 MN/m2,thedensity and porosity can be varied.3.SinteringThe green compacts attain their requiredstrengh

50、t in the subsequent sinteringprocess a heat treatment which is exactlycontrolled with respect to time,tempera-ture and protective atmosphere.The sintering process.carried out slightlybelow the melting temperature of the mainalloy constituent,serves to achieve ametallic microstructure without changin