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1、2023年青海在职攻读硕士联考考试模拟卷（1）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.At the International Snow Sculpture Championships in Colorado on January 21, people will carve the white stuff into art. Planning begins months before the first snow falls. Teams submit applications an
2、d sketches of their sculptures in July. Then, a panel of judges chooses 14 teams for the championship. The rules are simple: Electric tools are not allowed. Teams carve snow with everything but the results are not entirely in the sculptors hands. If it is extremely sunny and warm, De Wall, the compe
3、titions director of public relations, explained. We will erect old sails from sailboats into the air to block the sun from melting the sculptures. If is snows, she continued, teams have to work extra hard to scrape (刮掉) the new snow off their work. The judges look for creativity, technical skill, an
4、d overall impact on the viewer. The winner does not receive any money. There is no cash prize because the event began with the concept of global camaraderie (情谊) , De Wall explained. Instead of focusing on money, she continued. Winners revel (纵情) in the friendship, the art, and the work.The sculptor
5、s cannot control the results because_.Ait is extremely sunny and warmBit shines and/or snowsCthe sun melts their sculpturesDold sails are raised into the air 2.One thing almost everyone is agreed on, including Americans, is that they place a very high valuation upon success. Success does not necessa
6、rily mean material rewards, but recognition of some sortpreferably measurable. If a boy turns out to be a preacher (传道者) instead of a businessman, thats all right. But he bigger his church is, the more successful he is judged to be. A good many things contributed to this accent on success. There was
7、 the Puritan (清教徒的) belief in the virtue of work, both for its own sake and because the rewards it brought were regarded as signs of Gods love. There was the richness of opportunity in a land waiting to be settled. There was the lack of a settled society with fixed ranks and classes, so that a man w
8、as certain to rise through achievement. There was the determination of an immigrant to gain in the new world what had been denied to him in the old, and on the part of his children an urge to throw off the immigrant onus(负担) by still more success and still more rise in a fluid and classless society.
9、 Brothers did not compete within the family for the favor of the parents as in Europe, but worked hard for success in the outer world, along paths of their own choosing.Which of the following does NOT account for peoples desire for SuccessAThe Puritan belief in the virtue of work.BDetermination to d
10、eny the values of the new world.CLack of fixed social ranks and classes.DRichness of opportunities in the new world. 3.One thing almost everyone is agreed on, including Americans, is that they place a very high valuation upon success. Success does not necessarily mean material rewards, but recogniti
11、on of some sortpreferably measurable. If a boy turns out to be a preacher (传道者) instead of a businessman, thats all right. But he bigger his church is, the more successful he is judged to be. A good many things contributed to this accent on success. There was the Puritan (清教徒的) belief in the virtue
12、of work, both for its own sake and because the rewards it brought were regarded as signs of Gods love. There was the richness of opportunity in a land waiting to be settled. There was the lack of a settled society with fixed ranks and classes, so that a man was certain to rise through achievement. T
13、here was the determination of an immigrant to gain in the new world what had been denied to him in the old, and on the part of his children an urge to throw off the immigrant onus(负担) by still more success and still more rise in a fluid and classless society. Brothers did not compete within the fami
14、ly for the favor of the parents as in Europe, but worked hard for success in the outer world, along paths of their own choosing.It is suggested in the last paragraph that _in the old world.Achildren were urged to achieve success in the fluid and classless societyBchildren were determined to throw of
15、f their immigrant identitiesCchildren tended to compete for the favor of their parentsDchildren worked hard for success along paths chosen by their parents 4.At the International Snow Sculpture Championships in Colorado on January 21, people will carve the white stuff into art. Planning begins month
16、s before the first snow falls. Teams submit applications and sketches of their sculptures in July. Then, a panel of judges chooses 14 teams for the championship. The rules are simple: Electric tools are not allowed. Teams carve snow with everything but the results are not entirely in the sculptors h
17、ands. If it is extremely sunny and warm, De Wall, the competitions director of public relations, explained. We will erect old sails from sailboats into the air to block the sun from melting the sculptures. If is snows, she continued, teams have to work extra hard to scrape (刮掉) the new snow off thei
18、r work. The judges look for creativity, technical skill, and overall impact on the viewer. The winner does not receive any money. There is no cash prize because the event began with the concept of global camaraderie (情谊) , De Wall explained. Instead of focusing on money, she continued. Winners revel
19、 (纵情) in the friendship, the art, and the work.What is the viewers role in the ChampionshipsASculptors like to work together with them.BJudges consider their responses in choosing the winner.CViewers watch and help to protect the sculptures.DThe organizers rate their involvement and enthusiasm. 5.At
20、 the International Snow Sculpture Championships in Colorado on January 21, people will carve the white stuff into art. Planning begins months before the first snow falls. Teams submit applications and sketches of their sculptures in July. Then, a panel of judges chooses 14 teams for the championship
21、. The rules are simple: Electric tools are not allowed. Teams carve snow with everything but the results are not entirely in the sculptors hands. If it is extremely sunny and warm, De Wall, the competitions director of public relations, explained. We will erect old sails from sailboats into the air
22、to block the sun from melting the sculptures. If is snows, she continued, teams have to work extra hard to scrape (刮掉) the new snow off their work. The judges look for creativity, technical skill, and overall impact on the viewer. The winner does not receive any money. There is no cash prize because
23、 the event began with the concept of global camaraderie (情谊) , De Wall explained. Instead of focusing on money, she continued. Winners revel (纵情) in the friendship, the art, and the work.The winners enjoy all of the following EXCEPT_.Athe cash prizeBthe friendshipCthe artDthe hard work 6.Visitor: Th
24、ank you very much for meeting me at the airport. Host: My pleasure._AAre you wellBHave you got anything to declareCHow was your flightDMay I order you a drink 7.Alex: Gosh, Ive spent weeks reading about the topic, yet I dont have an idea how to begin the paper due this Friday. Liz:_AI feel sympathet
25、ic for you.BThings like this happen.CIt never occurs to me.DOh, really. Something is wrong. 8.A: Good morning, Peter. How are you B:_ A: Very well, thank you.AJust fine, Ann, and youBIts very nice of you.CSee you later.DI am so glad to meet you. 9.James: Can I borrow your notes for todays geology cl
26、ass Jane: _AHow dare you! Geology test is tomorrow.BId love to, but you cant have them.CHow come that you didnt have notes for todays classDSorry, but I have to review them for tomorrows test. 10.Cathleen: Lets take a coffee break, shall we Yolanda:_, but I cant.AWe shallBYes, letsCYou willDI wish I
27、 could 11.Receptionist:_ Caller: Hello. Id like to book a double-room for next weekend.AHello. Can I help youBJust a moment, please.CGood morning, Royal Hotel.DHello. This is Joanne Taylor speaking. 12. After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news
28、to report: the damage and death toll could have been much worse. More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, an earthquake of similar intensity that shook America in 1988 claimed 25, 000 victims. Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:
29、31 a.m. on a holiday, when traffic was light on the citys highways. In addition, changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the citys buildings and highways, making them more resistant to quakes. Despite the good news, civil engineers arent resti
30、ng on their successes. Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints for improved quake-resistant buildings. The new designs should offer even greater security to cities where earthquakes often take place. In the past, making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible materials, such as stee
31、l and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact of ground vibrations. The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports, call
32、ed smart buildings. The structures respond like living organisms to an earthquakes vibrations. When the ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would force the building to shift in the opposite direction. The new smart structures could be very expensive to build. However, they woul
33、d save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.One reason why the loss of lives in the Los Angeles earthquake was comparatively low is that _. Anew computers had been installed in the buildingsBit occurred in the residential areas rather than on the highwaysClarge number
34、s of Los Angeles residents had gone for a holidayDimprovements had been made in the construction of buildings and highways 13. Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing (裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appoin
35、ted to study the performance of some top referees. The researcher organized an experimental tournament (锦标赛) involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge. Observers noted down the referees errors, of wh
36、ich there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number. The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were
37、close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum (最佳的)distance is about 20 meters. There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came w
38、hen the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second. If FIFA, footballs international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action f
39、rom a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues. He also says that FIFAs insistence that referees should retire at age 35 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.The experiment conducted by the
40、 researcher was meant to _. Areview the decisions of referees at the 1998 World CupBanalyse the causes of errors made by football refereesCset a standard for football refereeingDreexamine the rules for football refereeing 14. A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin-deep. Ones physical asset
41、s and liabilities dont count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best. Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not-so-beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matte
42、r, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be h
43、ired, paid well, and promoted. Un-American, you say, unfair and extremely unbelievable Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties (虔诚) while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group-college students, perhaps, or te
44、achers or corporate personnel managers a piece of paper relating an individuals accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average-looking character, and some an
45、 unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted. Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase,
46、borrowed from Sappho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good. In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their caree
47、rs, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making its easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may be less attractive.According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as manager _. Aa persons property or debts do not matter muchBa pe