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1、2023年辽宁在职攻读硕士联考考试真题卷（3）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1. Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They. (31) at in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the (32) man. But they insi
2、sted that its (33) results during the period from 1740 to 1840 were widespread poverty and misery for the (34) of the English population. (35) contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1640 to 1740, when England was still a (36) .agricultural country, a period of great abundance and pro
3、sperity. This view, (37) is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists (38) history and economics, have (39) two things: that the period from 1640 to 1740 was (40) by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of
4、the populace. AplainBaverageCmeanDnormal 2.16-20 After a 300 million yuan renovation project, Lidai Diwang Miao, or the Imperial Temple of Emperors of Successive Dynasties, was reopened to the public last weekend. Originally constructed about 470 years ago, during the reign of Emperor Jiajing of the
5、 Ming Dynasty, the temple was used by emperors of both the Ming and Qing to offer sacrifices to their ancestors. It underwent two periods of renovation in the Qing Dynasty, during the reigns of emperors Yongzheng and Qianlong. From 1929 until early 2000, it was part of Beijing No.159 Middle School.
6、The temples Jingdechongsheng Hall contains stone tablets memorializing 188 Chinese emperors. The Jinzhuan bricks used to pave the floor, the same as those used in the Forbidden City, are finely textured and golden-yellow in color. According to Xi Wei, an official from the Xicheng District government
7、 present at the reopening of the temple, Jinzhuan bricks were made in Yuyao, Suzhou, specially for imperial use. The renovation was done strictly according to that carried out at the orders of Emperor Qianlong, and only those sections of the temple too damaged to repair have been replaced.How long h
8、as Lidai Diwang Miao been in part of a middle school in Beijing A470years.B159years.C71years.D188years. 3. Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They. (31) at in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the (32) man. But th
9、ey insisted that its (33) results during the period from 1740 to 1840 were widespread poverty and misery for the (34) of the English population. (35) contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1640 to 1740, when England was still a (36) .agricultural country, a period of great abundance
10、and prosperity. This view, (37) is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists (38) history and economics, have (39) two things: that the period from 1640 to 1740 was (40) by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the major
11、ity of the populace. AmomentaryBpromptCinstantDimmediate 4.26-30 While still in its early stages, welfare reform has already been judged a great success in many states, at least in getting people off welfare. Its estimated that more than 2 million people have left the rolls since 1994. In the past f
12、our years, welfare rolls in Athens County have been cut in half. But 70 percent of the people who left in the past two years took jobs that paid less than $6 an hour. The result: The Athens County poverty rate still remains at more than 30 percenttwice the national average. For advocates (代言人) for t
13、he poor, thats an indication much more needs to be done. More people are getting jobs, but its not making their lives any better, says Kathy Lairn, a policy analyst at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities in Washington. A center analysis of U.S. Census data nationwide found that between 1995 a
14、nd 1996, a greater percentage of single, female-headed households were earning money on their own, but that average income for these households actually went down. But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in i
15、tself a huge victory. Welfare was a poison. It was a toxin (毒素) that was poisoning the family, says Robert Rector, a welfare-reform policy analyst. The reform is changing the moral climate in low-income communities. Its beginning to rebuild the work ethic (道德观), which is much more important. Mr. Rec
16、tor and others argued that once the habit of dependency is cracked, then the country can make other policy changes aimed at improving living standards.From the passage we know that welfare reform aims at _. Asaving welfare fundsBrebuilding the work ethicCproviding more jobsDcutting government expens
17、es 5.21-25 For centuries, explorers have risked their lives venturing into the unknown for reasons that were to varying degrees economic and nationalistic. Columbus went west to look for better trade routes to the Orient and to promote the greater glory of Spain. Lewis and Clark journeyed into the A
18、merican wilderness to find out what the U.S. had acquired when it purchased Louisiana, and the Appolo astronauts rocketed to the moon in a dramatic show off technological muscle during the cold war. Although their missions blended commercial and political-military imperatives, the explorers involved
19、 all accomplished some significant science simply by going where no scientists had gone before. Today Mars looms (隐约出现) as humanitys next great terra incognita (未探明之地). And with doubtful prospects for a short-term financial return, with the cold war a rapidly fading memory and amid a growing emphasi
20、s on international cooperation in large space ventures, it is clear that imperatives other than profits or nationalism will have to compel human beings to leave their tracks on the planets reddish surface. Could it be that science, which has long played a minor role in exploration, is at last destin
21、ed to take a leading role The question naturally invites a couple of others: are there experiments that only humans could do on Mars Could those experiments provide insights profound enough to justify the expense of sending people across interplanetary space With Mars the scientific stakes are argua
22、bly higher than they have ever been. The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by mounting evidence that the Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water and by the continuing controversy over suggestions that bacterial fossi
23、ls rode to Earth on a meteorite (陨石) from Mars. A more conclusive answer about life on Mars, past or present, would give researchers invaluable data about the range of conditions under which a planet can generate the complex chemistry that leads to life. If it could be established that life arose in
24、dependently on Mars and Earth, the finding would provide the first concrete clues in one of the deepest mysteries in all of science: the prevalence of life in the universe.What is the main goal of sending human missions to Mars ATo find out if life ever existed there.BTo see if humans could survive
25、there.CTo prove the feasibility of large-scale space ventures.DTo show the leading role of science in space exploration. 6.16-20 After a 300 million yuan renovation project, Lidai Diwang Miao, or the Imperial Temple of Emperors of Successive Dynasties, was reopened to the public last weekend. Origin
26、ally constructed about 470 years ago, during the reign of Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty, the temple was used by emperors of both the Ming and Qing to offer sacrifices to their ancestors. It underwent two periods of renovation in the Qing Dynasty, during the reigns of emperors Yongzheng and Qia
27、nlong. From 1929 until early 2000, it was part of Beijing No.159 Middle School. The temples Jingdechongsheng Hall contains stone tablets memorializing 188 Chinese emperors. The Jinzhuan bricks used to pave the floor, the same as those used in the Forbidden City, are finely textured and golden-yellow
28、 in color. According to Xi Wei, an official from the Xicheng District government present at the reopening of the temple, Jinzhuan bricks were made in Yuyao, Suzhou, specially for imperial use. The renovation was done strictly according to that carried out at the orders of Emperor Qianlong, and only
29、those sections of the temple too damaged to repair have been replaced.What can we infer from the passage AThe temple has a long history.BThe renovation of the temple was easy with modern technology.CThe bricks in the temple are not so valuable as those in the Forbidden city.DThe renovation was done
30、according to the orders of Emperor Qianlong. 7.26-30 While still in its early stages, welfare reform has already been judged a great success in many states, at least in getting people off welfare. Its estimated that more than 2 million people have left the rolls since 1994. In the past four years, w
31、elfare rolls in Athens County have been cut in half. But 70 percent of the people who left in the past two years took jobs that paid less than $6 an hour. The result: The Athens County poverty rate still remains at more than 30 percenttwice the national average. For advocates (代言人) for the poor, tha
32、ts an indication much more needs to be done. More people are getting jobs, but its not making their lives any better, says Kathy Lairn, a policy analyst at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities in Washington. A center analysis of U.S. Census data nationwide found that between 1995 and 1996, a g
33、reater percentage of single, female-headed households were earning money on their own, but that average income for these households actually went down. But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge
34、 victory. Welfare was a poison. It was a toxin (毒素) that was poisoning the family, says Robert Rector, a welfare-reform policy analyst. The reform is changing the moral climate in low-income communities. Its beginning to rebuild the work ethic (道德观), which is much more important. Mr. Rector and othe
35、rs argued that once the habit of dependency is cracked, then the country can make other policy changes aimed at improving living standards.According to the passage, before the welfare reform was carried out, _. Athe poverty rate was lowerBaverage living standards were higherCthe average worker was p
36、aid higher wagesDthe poor used to rely on government aid 8. Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They. (31) at in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the (32) man. But they insisted that its (33) results during the pe
37、riod from 1740 to 1840 were widespread poverty and misery for the (34) of the English population. (35) contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1640 to 1740, when England was still a (36) .agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity. This view, (37) is generally th
38、ought to be wrong. Specialists (38) history and economics, have (39) two things: that the period from 1640 to 1740 was (40) by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace. AbulkBhostCgrossDmagnitude
39、 9.16-20 After a 300 million yuan renovation project, Lidai Diwang Miao, or the Imperial Temple of Emperors of Successive Dynasties, was reopened to the public last weekend. Originally constructed about 470 years ago, during the reign of Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty, the temple was used by em
40、perors of both the Ming and Qing to offer sacrifices to their ancestors. It underwent two periods of renovation in the Qing Dynasty, during the reigns of emperors Yongzheng and Qianlong. From 1929 until early 2000, it was part of Beijing No.159 Middle School. The temples Jingdechongsheng Hall contai
41、ns stone tablets memorializing 188 Chinese emperors. The Jinzhuan bricks used to pave the floor, the same as those used in the Forbidden City, are finely textured and golden-yellow in color. According to Xi Wei, an official from the Xicheng District government present at the reopening of the temple,
42、 Jinzhuan bricks were made in Yuyao, Suzhou, specially for imperial use. The renovation was done strictly according to that carried out at the orders of Emperor Qianlong, and only those sections of the temple too damaged to repair have been replaced.Which of the following is NOT true according to th
43、e author AThe renovation project cost 300 million yuan.BThe temple was once a part of Beijing No.159 Middle School.CThose parts of the temple too destroyed to repair are still there.DThe temple was built about 470 years ago. 10.21-25 For centuries, explorers have risked their lives venturing into th
44、e unknown for reasons that were to varying degrees economic and nationalistic. Columbus went west to look for better trade routes to the Orient and to promote the greater glory of Spain. Lewis and Clark journeyed into the American wilderness to find out what the U.S. had acquired when it purchased L
45、ouisiana, and the Appolo astronauts rocketed to the moon in a dramatic show off technological muscle during the cold war. Although their missions blended commercial and political-military imperatives, the explorers involved all accomplished some significant science simply by going where no scientist
46、s had gone before. Today Mars looms (隐约出现) as humanitys next great terra incognita (未探明之地). And with doubtful prospects for a short-term financial return, with the cold war a rapidly fading memory and amid a growing emphasis on international cooperation in large space ventures, it is clear that impe
47、ratives other than profits or nationalism will have to compel human beings to leave their tracks on the planets reddish surface. Could it be that science, which has long played a minor role in exploration, is at last destined to take a leading role The question naturally invites a couple of others:
48、are there experiments that only humans could do on Mars Could those experiments provide insights profound enough to justify the expense of sending people across interplanetary space With Mars the scientific stakes are arguably higher than they have ever been. The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by mounting evidence that the Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water an