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1、2023年湖南考研英语考试考前冲刺卷（7）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.The best title for this passage could be _.AA Company under FireBA Debate on Moral DeclineCA Lawful Outlet of Street CultureDA Form of Creative Freedom 2.From the passage we learn that _.Athere is a defi
2、nite relationship between inflation and interest ratesBeconomy will always follow certain modelsCthe economic situation is better than expectedDeconomists had foreseen the present economic situation 3.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUEAMaking monetary policies is comparable to
3、driving a car.BAn extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation.CA high unemployment rate will result from inflation.DInterest rates have an immediate effect on the economy. 4.The sentence This is no flash in the pan (Line 5, Paragraph 3) means that _.Athe low inflation rate will last for some t
4、imeBthe inflation rate will soon riseCthe inflation will disappear quicklyDthere is no inflation at present 5.The passage shows that the author is _ the present situationAcritical ofBpuzzled byCdisappointed atDamazed at 6.Section Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts
5、. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Text 1 If the various advocates of the conflicting options are all smart, experienced, and well informed, why do they disagree so completely Wouldn’t they all have thought the issue through ca
6、refully and come to approximately the same best-conclusion The answer to that crucial question lies in the structure of the human brain and the way it processes information. Most human beings actually decide before they think. When any human being-executive, specialized expert, or person in the stre
7、e-encounters a complex issue and forms an opinion, often within a matter of seconds, how thoroughly has he or she explored the implications of the various courses of action Answer: not very thoroughly. Very few people, no matter how intelligent or experienced, can take inventory of the many branchin
8、g possibilities, possible outcomes, side effects, and undesired consequences of a policy or a course of action in a matter of seconds. Yet, those who pride themselves on being decisive often try to do just that. And once their brains lock onto an opinion, most of their thinking thereafter consists o
9、f finding support for it. A very serious side effect of argumentative decision making can be a lack of support for the chosen course of action on the part of the losing faction. When one faction wins the meeting and the others see themselves as losing, the battle often doesn’t end when the mee
10、ting ends. Anger, resentment, and jealousy may lead them to sabotage the decision later, or to reopen the debate at later meetings. There is a better way. As philosopher Aldous Huxley said, It isn’t who is right, but what is right, that counts. The structured-inquiry method offers a better alt
11、ernative to argumentative decision making by debate. With the help of the Internet and wireless computer technology, the gap between experts and executives is now being dramatically closed. By actually putting the brakes on the thinking process, slowing it down, and organizing the flow of logic, it&
12、rsquo;s possible to create a level of clarity that sheer argumentation can never match. The structured-inquiry process introduces a level of conceptual clarity by organizing the contributions of the experts, then brings the experts and the decision makers closer together. Although it isn’t pos
13、sible or necessary for a president or prime minister to listen in on every intelligence analysis meeting, it’s possible to organize the experts’ information to give the decision maker much greater insight as to its meaning. This process may somewhat resemble a marketing focus group; it&r
14、squo;s a simple, remarkably clever way to bring decision makers closer to the source of the expert information and opinions on which they must base their decisions.The structured-inquiry process can be useful for（）Adecision makers.Bintelligence analysis meeting.Cthe experts' information.Dmarketi
15、ng focus groups.7.Text 2 The hotels are lull, Japanese tourists throng the designer stores of Waikiki, and the unemployment rate is a mere 3% of the workforce. So what could possibly knock Hawaii, the aloha or welcome state, off its wave The answer is that Hawaii’s 1.2m residents may one day g
16、et fed up with playing host to overseas visitors, 7m of them this year. Indeed, some residents are already fed up. KAHEA, an alliance of environmentalists and defenders of native Hawaiian culture, bemoans the pollution caused by the cruise ships and the risk posed by the tourist hordes to creatures
17、such as the dark-rumped petrel and the Oahu tree snail, or to plants like the Marsilea villosa fern. KAHEA has a point: the US FishWildlife Service currently lists some 317 species, including 273 plants, in the Hawaiian islands as threatened or endangered the highest number of any state in the natio
18、n. Even the state flower, the hibiscus brackenridgei, is on the danger list. The loss of species, says one government report, has been staggering. As for the impact of tourism On Hawaiian culture, a KAHEA spokeswoman wryly notes the element of exploitation: Native Hawaiian culture is used as a selli
19、ng point-come to this paradise where beautiful women are doing the hula on your dinner plate. So what else is new Hawaii’s environment and culture have been under threat ever since Captain Cook and his germ-carrying sailors dropped anchor in 1778. Foreign imports have inevitably had an impact
20、on species that evolved over the millennia in isolation. Moreover, with up to 25 non native species arriving each year, the impact will continue. But, as the US Geological Survey argues, the impact can add to biodiversity as well as lessen it. The real challenge, therefore, is for Hawaii to find a b
21、alance between the costs and the benefits of development in general and tourism in particular. The Benefits are not to be sneezed at. Thestate’s unemployment rate has been below the national average for the past two and-a-half years. Economists at the University of Hawaii reckon that Hawaiians
22、’ real personal income rose by 2.8% last year, will rise by 2.7% this year and will continue through 2007 at 2.5%. According to the state’s strategic plan for the next decade, tourism should take much of the credit, accounting directly and indirectly for some 22% of the state’s job
23、s by 2007, more than 17% of its economic output and around 26% of its tax revenues. The trouble is that the costs can be high, too. As one economist puts it, We have a Manhattan cost of living and Peoria wage rates. That translates into a median house price today on the island of Oahu, home to three
24、-quarters of the state’s population, of 500, 000, and a need for many workers to take on more than one job.It is implied in the last paragraph that（）Athere is a great deal of trouble living in Hawaii.Bliving expenditure in Hawaii is as high as that in Manhattan.Cliving expenditure in Hawaii is
25、 incompatible with income.Dhouse price today in Hawaii is unbelievably high.8.Section Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Text 1 If the various advocates of the con
26、flicting options are all smart, experienced, and well informed, why do they disagree so completely Wouldn’t they all have thought the issue through carefully and come to approximately the same best-conclusion The answer to that crucial question lies in the structure of the human brain and the
27、way it processes information. Most human beings actually decide before they think. When any human being-executive, specialized expert, or person in the stree-encounters a complex issue and forms an opinion, often within a matter of seconds, how thoroughly has he or she explored the implications of t
28、he various courses of action Answer: not very thoroughly. Very few people, no matter how intelligent or experienced, can take inventory of the many branching possibilities, possible outcomes, side effects, and undesired consequences of a policy or a course of action in a matter of seconds. Yet, thos
29、e who pride themselves on being decisive often try to do just that. And once their brains lock onto an opinion, most of their thinking thereafter consists of finding support for it. A very serious side effect of argumentative decision making can be a lack of support for the chosen course of action o
30、n the part of the losing faction. When one faction wins the meeting and the others see themselves as losing, the battle often doesn’t end when the meeting ends. Anger, resentment, and jealousy may lead them to sabotage the decision later, or to reopen the debate at later meetings. There is a b
31、etter way. As philosopher Aldous Huxley said, It isn’t who is right, but what is right, that counts. The structured-inquiry method offers a better alternative to argumentative decision making by debate. With the help of the Internet and wireless computer technology, the gap between experts and
32、 executives is now being dramatically closed. By actually putting the brakes on the thinking process, slowing it down, and organizing the flow of logic, it’s possible to create a level of clarity that sheer argumentation can never match. The structured-inquiry process introduces a level of con
33、ceptual clarity by organizing the contributions of the experts, then brings the experts and the decision makers closer together. Although it isn’t possible or necessary for a president or prime minister to listen in on every intelligence analysis meeting, it’s possible to organize the ex
34、perts’ information to give the decision maker much greater insight as to its meaning. This process may somewhat resemble a marketing focus group; it’s a simple, remarkably clever way to bring decision makers closer to the source of the expert information and opinions on which they must b
35、ase their decisions.Judging from the context, what does the word them (Line 4, Paragraph 4) refer to（）ADecision makers.BThe losing factions.CAnger, resentment, and jealousy.DOther people.9.Text 2 The hotels are lull, Japanese tourists throng the designer stores of Waikiki, and the unemployment rate
36、is a mere 3% of the workforce. So what could possibly knock Hawaii, the aloha or welcome state, off its wave The answer is that Hawaii’s 1.2m residents may one day get fed up with playing host to overseas visitors, 7m of them this year. Indeed, some residents are already fed up. KAHEA, an alli
37、ance of environmentalists and defenders of native Hawaiian culture, bemoans the pollution caused by the cruise ships and the risk posed by the tourist hordes to creatures such as the dark-rumped petrel and the Oahu tree snail, or to plants like the Marsilea villosa fern. KAHEA has a point: the US Fi
38、shWildlife Service currently lists some 317 species, including 273 plants, in the Hawaiian islands as threatened or endangered the highest number of any state in the nation. Even the state flower, the hibiscus brackenridgei, is on the danger list. The loss of species, says one government report, has
39、 been staggering. As for the impact of tourism On Hawaiian culture, a KAHEA spokeswoman wryly notes the element of exploitation: Native Hawaiian culture is used as a selling point-come to this paradise where beautiful women are doing the hula on your dinner plate. So what else is new Hawaii’s
40、environment and culture have been under threat ever since Captain Cook and his germ-carrying sailors dropped anchor in 1778. Foreign imports have inevitably had an impact on species that evolved over the millennia in isolation. Moreover, with up to 25 non native species arriving each year, the impac
41、t will continue. But, as the US Geological Survey argues, the impact can add to biodiversity as well as lessen it. The real challenge, therefore, is for Hawaii to find a balance between the costs and the benefits of development in general and tourism in particular. The Benefits are not to be sneezed
42、 at. Thestate’s unemployment rate has been below the national average for the past two and-a-half years. Economists at the University of Hawaii reckon that Hawaiians’ real personal income rose by 2.8% last year, will rise by 2.7% this year and will continue through 2007 at 2.5%. Accordin
43、g to the state’s strategic plan for the next decade, tourism should take much of the credit, accounting directly and indirectly for some 22% of the state’s jobs by 2007, more than 17% of its economic output and around 26% of its tax revenues. The trouble is that the costs can be high, to
44、o. As one economist puts it, We have a Manhattan cost of living and Peoria wage rates. That translates into a median house price today on the island of Oahu, home to three-quarters of the state’s population, of 500, 000, and a need for many workers to take on more than one job.According to the
45、 passage, all these following are problems resulting from the tourism EXCEPT（）Aenvironmental pollution.BHawaiian economy.Cthe loss of species.Dthe risk to creatures and biodiversity.10.Text 2 The hotels are lull, Japanese tourists throng the designer stores of Waikiki, and the unemployment rate is a
46、 mere 3% of the workforce. So what could possibly knock Hawaii, the aloha or welcome state, off its wave The answer is that Hawaii’s 1.2m residents may one day get fed up with playing host to overseas visitors, 7m of them this year. Indeed, some residents are already fed up. KAHEA, an alliance
47、 of environmentalists and defenders of native Hawaiian culture, bemoans the pollution caused by the cruise ships and the risk posed by the tourist hordes to creatures such as the dark-rumped petrel and the Oahu tree snail, or to plants like the Marsilea villosa fern. KAHEA has a point: the US FishWi
48、ldlife Service currently lists some 317 species, including 273 plants, in the Hawaiian islands as threatened or endangered the highest number of any state in the nation. Even the state flower, the hibiscus brackenridgei, is on the danger list. The loss of species, says one government report, has bee
49、n staggering. As for the impact of tourism On Hawaiian culture, a KAHEA spokeswoman wryly notes the element of exploitation: Native Hawaiian culture is used as a selling point-come to this paradise where beautiful women are doing the hula on your dinner plate. So what else is new Hawaii’s environment and culture have b