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1、2023年浙江大学英语考试考前冲刺卷（9）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.A scientistic view of language was dominant among philosophers and linguists who affected to develop a scientific analysis of human thought and behavior in the early part of this century. Under the force
2、 of this view, it was perhaps inevitable that the art of rhetoric should pass from the status of being regarded as of questionable worth (because although it might be both a source of pleasure and a means to urge people to right action, it might also be a means to distort truth and a source of misgu
3、ided action) to the status of being wholly condemned. If people are regarded only as machines guided by logic as they were be these scientistic thinkers, rhetoric is likely to be held in low regard: for the most obvious truth about rhetoric is that it speaks to the whole person. It presents its argu
4、ments first to the person as a rational being, because persuasive discourse, if honestly conceived, always has a basis in reasoning. Logical argument is the plot, as it were, of any speech or essay that is respectfully intended to persuade people. Yet it is a characterizing feature of rhetoric that
5、it goes beyond this and appeals to the parts of our nature that are involved in feeling, desiring, acting, and suffering. It recalls relevant instances of the emotional reactions of people to circumstances real or fictional-that are similar to our own circumstances. Such is the purpose of both histo
6、rical accounts and fables in persuasive discourse: they indicate literally or symbolically how people may react emotionally, with hope or fear, to particular circumstances. A speech attempting to persuade people can achieve little unless it takes into account the aspect of their being related to suc
7、h hopes and fears.Rhetoric, then, is addressed to human beings living at particular times and in particular places. From the point of view of rhetoric, we are not merely logical thinking machines, creatures abstracted from time and space. The study of rhetoric should therefore be considered the most
8、 humanistic of the humanities, since rhetoric is not directed only to our rational selves. It takes into account what the scientistic view leaves out. If it is a weakness to harbor feelings, then rhetoric may be thought of as dealing in weakness. But those who reject the idea of rhetoric because the
9、y believe it deals in lies and who at the same time hope to move people to action, must either be liars themselves or be very naive; pure logic has never been a motivating force unless it has been subordinated to human purposes, feelings, and desires, and thereby ceased to be pure logic.It can be in
10、ferred that in the late nineteenth century rhetoric was regarded as().A. the only necessary element of persuasive discourseB. a dubious art in at least two waysC. an outmoded and tedious amplification of logicD. an open offense to the rational mind2.A significant number of people seek to adopt child
11、ren from other countries, a process known as international adoption. People seek to adopt abroad for many reasons. Many people want to adopt an infant or a very young child. Some also hope to adopt children who share their ethnic heritage. Such prospective parents may find a shortage of suitable chi
12、ldren available for adoption in the United States. Publicity regarding the availability of infants in a particular country also encourages some people to seek to adopt there. Many people adopt abroad because of anxieties regarding domestic adoptions, especially fears that the birth mother will refus
13、e to proceed with an arranged adoption after she gives birth to the child. In a few, well-publicized cases in the United States, biological parents have attempted to reclaim their child years after it was adopted, adding to the worries of prospective parents.Three methods can be used for internation
14、al adoption. The majority of prospective adoptive parents use an adoption agency. Others consult adoption facilitators in the United States. Some prospective parents choose to establish direct communication with contacts in a particular country. Many state-licensed adoption agencies place children f
15、rom other countries. These agencies are familiar with the adoption laws of foreign countries and usually maintain contacts in countries where many childtren are waiting to be adopted. Agencies send information about the adoptive parents directly to their contacts, who then locate an appropriate chil
16、d for the adoptive parents.Facilitators in the United States also help prospective parents locate suitable children abroad. Facilitators usually have foreign contacts who help resolve legal issues pertaining to adoption in a particular country. In some cases, facilitators travel to other countries a
17、nd directly assist in adoptions. Prospective parents can also work with facilitators in another country or deal directly with foreign institutions, such as orphanages.People who wish to adopt abroad must follow the procedures and requirements of the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS).
18、 Before an international adoption can go forward, the results of a home study and extensive documentation must be submitted to both the INS and the courts in the child’s country of origin. Required documentation usually includes birth certificates, marriage certificates, letters of employment,
19、 medical letters, and personal references.The legal process in the child’s country of origin results in either a full and final adoption or a guardianship, in which the prospective parent is granted custody of the child until the adoption is finalized. If a full and final adoption has been app
20、roved in the child’s country of origin and the INS has permitted the child to enter the United States, parents can usually get U.S. birth certificates and citizenship papers without readopting the child in the United States.However, the U.S. State Department recommends readoption in the United
21、 States. When a guardianship is established in the child’s country of origin, prospective parents must complete normal pre-adoption procedures, such as a home study, in their local county court in order to obtain a visa for the child. The adoption must be finalized when the child comes to live
22、 in the United States.All adoptive parents worry about the health of their adopted children. In many developing nations and in some countries of Eastern Europe, poor medical treatment can lead to health problems among young children. Medical records may be unavailable or incomplete. Prospective pare
23、nts should consult a physician regarding the health of the child they are seeking to adopt prior to the adoption. After a child has been adopted from abroad, parents should try to find a pediatrician who is familiar with the medical conditions in the country in which the child was born. Many local h
24、ospitals in the United States have doctors on staff who are well-versed in this area.Why do many people want to seek to adopt abroad().A. Many people want to adopt an infant or a very young child who share their ethnic heritage and they may find a shortage of suitable children available for adoption
25、 in the United States.B. The public regard the parents can not give birth to the child so they seek to adopt abroad.C. In a few, wealthy families in the United States, some parents have attempted to claim their abilities and conditions to adopt one or more child to ease the pressure of society.D. Th
26、ere are children-sales agencies who provide enough children to the prospective parents.3.In 1830, only a few miles away from what is now the great city of Cincinnati, lay an immense and almost unbroken forest. The whole region was sparsely settled by people of the frontierrestless souls who no soone
27、r had hewn fairly habitable homes out of the wilderness and attained to that degree of prosperity which today we should call indigence, then, impelled by some mysterious impulse of their nature, they abandoned all and pushed farther westward, to encounter new perils and privations in the effort to r
28、egain the meagre comforts which they had voluntarily renounced. Many of them had already forsaken that region for the remoter settlements, but among those remaining was one who had been of those first arriving. He lived alone in a house of logs surrounded on all sides by the great forest, of whose g
29、loom and silence he seemed a part, for no one had ever known him to smile nor speak a needless word. His simple wants were supplied by the sale or barter of skins of wild animals in the river town, for not a thing did he grow upon the land which, if needful, he might have claimed by right of undistu
30、rbed possession. There were evidences of improvementa few acres of ground immediately about the house had once been cleared of its trees, the decayed stumps of which were half concealed by the new growth that had been suffered to repair the ravage wrought by the axe. Apparently the man’s zeal
31、for agriculture had burned with a failing flame, expiring in penitential ashes.The little log house, with its chimney of sticks, its roof of warping clapboards weighted with traversing poles and its chinking of clay, had a single door and, directly opposite, a window. The latter, however, was boarde
32、d upnobody could remember a time when it was not. And none knew why it was so closed; certainly not because of the occupant’s dislike of light and air, for on those rare occasions when a hunter had passed that lonely spot the recluse had commonly been seen sunning himself on his doorstep if he
33、aven had provided sunshine for his need. I fancy there are few persons living today who ever knew the secret of that window, but I am one.The man’s name was said to be Murloek. He was apparently seventy years old, actually about fifty. Something besides years had had a hand in his ageing. His
34、hair and long, full beard were white, his grey, lustreless eyes sunken, his face singularly seamed with wrinkles which appeared to belong to two intersecting systems. In figure he was tall and spare, with a stoop of the shouldersa burden bearer.One day Murloek was found in his cabin, dead. It was no
35、t a time and place for coroners and newspapers, and I suppose it was agreed that he had died from natural causes or I should have been told, and should remember. I know only that with what was probably a sense of the fitness of things the body was buried near the cabin, alongside the grave of his wi
36、fe, who had preceded him by so many years that local tradition had retained hardly a hint of her existence. That closes the final chapter of this true story. But there is an earlier chapterthat supplied by my grandfather.When Murloek built his cabin and began laying sturdily about with his axe to he
37、w out a farmthe rifle, meanwhile, his means of supporthe was young, strong and full of hope. In that eastern country whence he came he had married, as was the fashion, a young woman in all ways worthy of his honest devotion, who shared the dangers and privations of his lot with a willing spirit and
38、light heart. There is no known record of her name; of her charms of mind and person tradition is silent and the doubter is at liberty to entertain his doubt; but God forbid that l should share it! Of their affection and happiness there is abundant assurance in every added day of the man’s wido
39、wed life; for what but the magnetism of a blessed memory could have chained that venturesome spirit to a lot like thatOne day Murlock returned from gunning in a distant part of the forest to find his wife lying on the floor with fever, and delirious. There was no physician within miles, no neighbour
40、; nor was she in a condition to be left, to summon help. So he set about the task of nursing her back to health, but at the end of the third clay she fell into unconsciousness arid so passed away, apparently, with never a gleam of returning reason.The mans appearance indicates that ().A. lost time i
41、s never found again.B. his years sat slightly on him.C. something aged him rapidly.D. he deliberately wore a white beard.4.Jan Hendrik Schon’s success seemed too good to be true, and it was. In only four years as a physicist at Bell Laboratories, Schon, 32, had co-authored 90 scientific papers
42、 one every 16 days, which astonished his colleagues, and made them suspicious. When one co-worker noticed that the same table of data appeared in two separate papers which also happened to appear in the two most prestigious scientific journals in the world, Science and Nature the jig was up. In Octo
43、ber 2002, a Bell Labs investigation found that Schon had falsified and fabricated data. His career as a scientist was finished.If it sounds a lot like the fall of Hwang Woo Suk the South Korean researcher who fabricated his evidence about cloning human cells it is. Scientific scandals, which are as
44、old as science itself, tend to follow similar patterns of hubris and comeuppance. Afterwards, colleagues wring their hands and wonder how such malfeasance can be avoided in the future. But it never is entirely. Science is built on the honor system; the method of peer-review, in which manuscripts are
45、 evaluated by experts in the field, is not meant to catch cheats. In recent years, of course, the pressure on scientists to publish in the top journals has increased, making the journals much more crucial to career success. The questions raised anew by Hwang’s fall are whether Nature and Scien
46、ce have become too powerful as arbiters of what science reaches the public, and whether the journals are up to their task as gatekeepers.Each scientific specialty has its own set of journals. Physicists have Physical Review Letters; cell biologists have Cell; neuroscientists have Neuron, and so fort
47、h. Science and Nature, though, are the only two major journals that cover the gamut of scientific disciplines, from meteorology and zoology to quantum physics and chemistry. As a result, journalists look to them each week for the cream of the crop of new science papers. And scientists look to the jo
48、urnals in part to reach journalists. Why do they care Competition for grants has gotten so fierce that scientists have sought popular renown to gain an edge over their rivals. Publication in specialized journals will win the accolades of academics and satisfy the publish- or-perish imperative, but S
49、cience and Nature come with the added bonus of potentially getting your paper written up in The New York Times and other publications.Scientists are also trying to reach other scientists through Science and Nature, not just the public. Scientists tend to pay more attention to the Big Two than to other journals. When more scientists know about a particular paper, they’re more apt to cite it in their own papers. Being off-cited will increase a scientist’s Impact Factor, a measure of how often papers are cited by peer