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1、2023年福建考研英语考试模拟卷（8）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Text 4The recent, apparently successful prediction by mathematical models of an appearance of El Nifiothe warm ocean current that periodically develops along the Pacific coast of South America - has excite
2、d researchers. Jacob Bjerkness pointed out over 20 years ago how winds might create either abnormally warm or abnormally cold water in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Nonetheless, until the development of the models no one could explain why conditions should regularly shift from one to the other, as
3、 happens in the periodic oscillations between appearance of the warm El Nifio and the cold so-called anti-El Nifio. The answer, al least if the current model that links the behavior of the ocean to that of the atmosphere is correct, is to be found in the ocean.It has long been known that during an E
4、l Niflo, two conditions exist: (1) unusually warm water extends along the eastern Pacific, principally along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru, and (2) winds blow from the west into the warmer air rising over the warm water in the east. These winds tend to create a feedback mechanism by driving the war
5、mer surface water into a pile that blocks the normal upwelling of deeper, cold water in the east and further warms the eastern water, thus strengthening the wind still more. The contribution of the model is to show that the winds of an El Nifio, which raise sea level in the east, simultaneously send
6、 a signal to the west lowering sea level. According to the model, that signal is generated as a negative Rossby wave, a wave of depressed, or negative, sea level that moves westward parallel to the equator at 25 to 85 kilometers per day. Taking months to traverse the Pacific, Rossby waves march to t
7、he western boundary of the Pacific basin, which is modeled as a smooth wall but in reality consists of quite irregular island chains, such as the Philippines and Indonesia.When the waves meet the western boundary, they are reflected, and the model predicts that Rossby waves will be broken into numer
8、ous coastal Kelvin waves carrying the same negative sea-level signal. These eventually shoot toward the equator, and then head eastward along the equator propelled by the rotation of the Earth at a speed of about 250 kilometers per day. When enough Kelvin waves of sufficient amplitude arrive from th
9、e western Pacific, their negative sea-level signal overcomes the feedback mechanism tending to raise the sea level, and they begin to drive the system into the opposite cold mode. This produces a gradual shift in winds, one that will eventually send positive sea-level Rossby waves westward, waves th
10、at will eventually return as cold cycle-ending positive Kelvin waves beginning another warming cycle.The passage functions as an（）Aintroduction to a new explanation of a physical phenomenon.Bexplanation of the difference between two related physical phenomena.Cillustration of the limitations of appl
11、ying mathematics to complicated physical phenomena.Dindication of the direction that research into a particular physical phenomenon should take.2.Text 4The recent, apparently successful prediction by mathematical models of an appearance of El Nifiothe warm ocean current that periodically develops al
12、ong the Pacific coast of South America - has excited researchers. Jacob Bjerkness pointed out over 20 years ago how winds might create either abnormally warm or abnormally cold water in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Nonetheless, until the development of the models no one could explain why conditio
13、ns should regularly shift from one to the other, as happens in the periodic oscillations between appearance of the warm El Nifio and the cold so-called anti-El Nifio. The answer, al least if the current model that links the behavior of the ocean to that of the atmosphere is correct, is to be found i
14、n the ocean.It has long been known that during an El Niflo, two conditions exist: (1) unusually warm water extends along the eastern Pacific, principally along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru, and (2) winds blow from the west into the warmer air rising over the warm water in the east. These winds ten
15、d to create a feedback mechanism by driving the warmer surface water into a pile that blocks the normal upwelling of deeper, cold water in the east and further warms the eastern water, thus strengthening the wind still more. The contribution of the model is to show that the winds of an El Nifio, whi
16、ch raise sea level in the east, simultaneously send a signal to the west lowering sea level. According to the model, that signal is generated as a negative Rossby wave, a wave of depressed, or negative, sea level that moves westward parallel to the equator at 25 to 85 kilometers per day. Taking mont
17、hs to traverse the Pacific, Rossby waves march to the western boundary of the Pacific basin, which is modeled as a smooth wall but in reality consists of quite irregular island chains, such as the Philippines and Indonesia.When the waves meet the western boundary, they are reflected, and the model p
18、redicts that Rossby waves will be broken into numerous coastal Kelvin waves carrying the same negative sea-level signal. These eventually shoot toward the equator, and then head eastward along the equator propelled by the rotation of the Earth at a speed of about 250 kilometers per day. When enough
19、Kelvin waves of sufficient amplitude arrive from the western Pacific, their negative sea-level signal overcomes the feedback mechanism tending to raise the sea level, and they begin to drive the system into the opposite cold mode. This produces a gradual shift in winds, one that will eventually send
20、 positive sea-level Rossby waves westward, waves that will eventually return as cold cycle-ending positive Kelvin waves beginning another warming cycle.Which of the following would most seriously undermine the validity of the model of El Nifio mentioned（）ADuring some years El Nifio extends significa
21、ntly farther along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru than during other years.BDuring periods of unusually cool temperature along the eastern Pacific, an El Nifio is much colder than normal.CThe variations in the time it takes Rossby waves to cross the Pacific depend on the power of the winds that the w
22、aves encounter.DThe western boundary of the Pacific basin is so irregnlar that it hinders most coastal Kelvin waves from heading eastward.3.Text 4The recent, apparently successful prediction by mathematical models of an appearance of El Nifiothe warm ocean current that periodically develops along th
23、e Pacific coast of South America - has excited researchers. Jacob Bjerkness pointed out over 20 years ago how winds might create either abnormally warm or abnormally cold water in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Nonetheless, until the development of the models no one could explain why conditions sho
24、uld regularly shift from one to the other, as happens in the periodic oscillations between appearance of the warm El Nifio and the cold so-called anti-El Nifio. The answer, al least if the current model that links the behavior of the ocean to that of the atmosphere is correct, is to be found in the
25、ocean.It has long been known that during an El Niflo, two conditions exist: (1) unusually warm water extends along the eastern Pacific, principally along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru, and (2) winds blow from the west into the warmer air rising over the warm water in the east. These winds tend to c
26、reate a feedback mechanism by driving the warmer surface water into a pile that blocks the normal upwelling of deeper, cold water in the east and further warms the eastern water, thus strengthening the wind still more. The contribution of the model is to show that the winds of an El Nifio, which rai
27、se sea level in the east, simultaneously send a signal to the west lowering sea level. According to the model, that signal is generated as a negative Rossby wave, a wave of depressed, or negative, sea level that moves westward parallel to the equator at 25 to 85 kilometers per day. Taking months to
28、traverse the Pacific, Rossby waves march to the western boundary of the Pacific basin, which is modeled as a smooth wall but in reality consists of quite irregular island chains, such as the Philippines and Indonesia.When the waves meet the western boundary, they are reflected, and the model predict
29、s that Rossby waves will be broken into numerous coastal Kelvin waves carrying the same negative sea-level signal. These eventually shoot toward the equator, and then head eastward along the equator propelled by the rotation of the Earth at a speed of about 250 kilometers per day. When enough Kelvin
30、 waves of sufficient amplitude arrive from the western Pacific, their negative sea-level signal overcomes the feedback mechanism tending to raise the sea level, and they begin to drive the system into the opposite cold mode. This produces a gradual shift in winds, one that will eventually send posit
31、ive sea-level Rossby waves westward, waves that will eventually return as cold cycle-ending positive Kelvin waves beginning another warming cycle.One characteristic of the El Nifio is（）Acold coastal water near Peru.Bwinds blowing from the west.Crandom occurrence.Dworldwide effects.4.Almost exactly a
32、 year ago, in a small village in Northern India, Andrea Milliner was bitten on the leg by a dog. It must have (1) your nice white flesh, joked the doctor (2) he dressed the wound. Andrea and her husband Nigel were determined not to let it (3) their holiday, and thought no more (4) the dog, which had
33、 meanwhile quietly disappeared (5) the village.We didn’t realize there was (6) wrong with it, says Nigel. It was such a small, (7) dog that rabies didn’t (8) my mind. But, six weeks later,23-year-old Andrea was dead. The dog had been rabid. No one had thought it necessary to (9) her anti
34、-rabies treatment. When, back home in England, she began to show the classic (10) -unable to drink, catching her breath-her own doctor put it (11) to hysteria. Even when she was (12) into an ambulance, hallucinating, recoiling in (13) at the sight of water, she was directed (14) the nearest mental h
35、ospital.But if her symptoms (15) little attention in life, in death (16) achieved a publicity close to hysteria. Cases like Andrea are (17) , but rabies is still one of the most feared diseases known to man. The disease is (18) by a bite of a lick from an (19) animal. It can, in very exceptional cir
36、cumstances, be inhaled-two scientists died of it after (20) bat dung in a cave in Texas.1（）ApaidBgaveCturnedDreceived5.Almost exactly a year ago, in a small village in Northern India, Andrea Milliner was bitten on the leg by a dog. It must have (1) your nice white flesh, joked the doctor (2) he dres
37、sed the wound. Andrea and her husband Nigel were determined not to let it (3) their holiday, and thought no more (4) the dog, which had meanwhile quietly disappeared (5) the village.We didn’t realize there was (6) wrong with it, says Nigel. It was such a small, (7) dog that rabies didn’t
38、 (8) my mind. But, six weeks later,23-year-old Andrea was dead. The dog had been rabid. No one had thought it necessary to (9) her anti-rabies treatment. When, back home in England, she began to show the classic (10) -unable to drink, catching her breath-her own doctor put it (11) to hysteria. Even
39、when she was (12) into an ambulance, hallucinating, recoiling in (13) at the sight of water, she was directed (14) the nearest mental hospital.But if her symptoms (15) little attention in life, in death (16) achieved a publicity close to hysteria. Cases like Andrea are (17) , but rabies is still one
40、 of the most feared diseases known to man. The disease is (18) by a bite of a lick from an (19) animal. It can, in very exceptional circumstances, be inhaled-two scientists died of it after (20) bat dung in a cave in Texas.2（）AoutBdownCupDoff6.Almost exactly a year ago, in a small village in Norther
41、n India, Andrea Milliner was bitten on the leg by a dog. It must have (1) your nice white flesh, joked the doctor (2) he dressed the wound. Andrea and her husband Nigel were determined not to let it (3) their holiday, and thought no more (4) the dog, which had meanwhile quietly disappeared (5) the v
42、illage.We didn’t realize there was (6) wrong with it, says Nigel. It was such a small, (7) dog that rabies didn’t (8) my mind. But, six weeks later,23-year-old Andrea was dead. The dog had been rabid. No one had thought it necessary to (9) her anti-rabies treatment. When, back home in En
43、gland, she began to show the classic (10) -unable to drink, catching her breath-her own doctor put it (11) to hysteria. Even when she was (12) into an ambulance, hallucinating, recoiling in (13) at the sight of water, she was directed (14) the nearest mental hospital.But if her symptoms (15) little
44、attention in life, in death (16) achieved a publicity close to hysteria. Cases like Andrea are (17) , but rabies is still one of the most feared diseases known to man. The disease is (18) by a bite of a lick from an (19) animal. It can, in very exceptional circumstances, be inhaled-two scientists di
45、ed of it after (20) bat dung in a cave in Texas.3（）AbecauseBthoughCifDas7.Almost exactly a year ago, in a small village in Northern India, Andrea Milliner was bitten on the leg by a dog. It must have (1) your nice white flesh, joked the doctor (2) he dressed the wound. Andrea and her husband Nigel w
46、ere determined not to let it (3) their holiday, and thought no more (4) the dog, which had meanwhile quietly disappeared (5) the village.We didn’t realize there was (6) wrong with it, says Nigel. It was such a small, (7) dog that rabies didn’t (8) my mind. But, six weeks later,23-year-ol
47、d Andrea was dead. The dog had been rabid. No one had thought it necessary to (9) her anti-rabies treatment. When, back home in England, she began to show the classic (10) -unable to drink, catching her breath-her own doctor put it (11) to hysteria. Even when she was (12) into an ambulance, hallucin
48、ating, recoiling in (13) at the sight of water, she was directed (14) the nearest mental hospital.But if her symptoms (15) little attention in life, in death (16) achieved a publicity close to hysteria. Cases like Andrea are (17) , but rabies is still one of the most feared diseases known to man. Th
49、e disease is (18) by a bite of a lick from an (19) animal. It can, in very exceptional circumstances, be inhaled-two scientists died of it after (20) bat dung in a cave in Texas.4（）AinfectBinjectCsaveDgive8.Almost exactly a year ago, in a small village in Northern India, Andrea Milliner was bitten on the leg by a dog. It must have (1) your nice white flesh, joked the doctor (2) he dressed the wound. Andrea and her husband Nigel were de