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1、笛卡尔哲学 introduction：descartess philosophy 笛卡尔被广为指出就是西方近代哲学的奠基人,他第一个创办了一套完备的哲学体系。哲学上,笛卡尔就是一个二元论者以及理性主义者。笛卡尔指出,人类必须可以采用数学的方法也就是理性去展开哲学思索。他坚信,理性比感官的体会更可信。background information：knowledge points：1.笛卡尔被誉为现代哲学之父。2.笛卡尔挑战当代哲学原理。他用各种理由去挑战感官的可靠性,提及之前的错误,以及他可能将在作梦或者被恶梦误导的各种可能性。3.笛卡尔对比不确定的感官信息和清楚明白的几何学。从这里他悟出一个道
2、理:他必须承认的一件事就是他自己在怀疑。而当人在怀疑时,他必定在思考,由此他推出了著名的哲学命题“我思故我在”。vocabulary prediction：illusion 幻觉 deceive 蒙骗 mirage 海市蜃楼 shimmer 闪光 test point tpo28l1 professor now,for a very different view,lets turnto another philosopherren descartes.descartes thought that you have to go muchdeeper to find the foundations
3、.he believed that our senses are not to betrusted.so he wanted to find a more solid foundation for knowledge.he beganwith what has come to be called methodological doubt.and when we saymethodological doubt,well.descartes believed that everything should bequestioned,that is,approach it with doubt and
4、 that if you could find onething that cannot be false,that one thing would serve as a foundation for allother knowledge claims.so unlike john locke,descartes doubts thatknowledge comes to him from his senses.he points out that at some time oranother,everyone has been deceived by their senses.we have
5、 all hadexperiences where our senses have been wrongillusions,perhaps,mirages.whendriving in a car on a hot summer day,you may see what looks like shimmeringwater on the road,which,as science tells us,is really just a mirage,anillusion caused by the heating of the air.our senses are wrong,theyvedece
6、ived us.and descartes thinks that since our senses can deceive us,weought not to take for granted that what they tell us is really true.thats thefirst step in his methodological doubt.from there he wonders,well,ok,i candoubt my senses,but can i doubt that i am sitting in this room?can it seemthat we
7、 are not really here?that we are somewhere else?he conceives that mostof us would know that we are sitting in the roo but then he says,well,couldnt i just be dreaming?hes had dreams that were so real that he thoughthe was awake when in fact he was actually asleep.and this is another good point.its r
8、eally hard to be sure that you are not actually dreaming.yet anotherproof for descartes that we cant always trust what our senses are apparentlytelling us.we could be dreaming.and theres really no good way to prove thatwe are not.knowledge points 1.笛卡尔猜测他认知至的信息。他指出在某个时刻每个人都会被他的感官蒙骗。这就是他哲学思想里的第一步。2.有时候我们可能是在做梦或者出现幻觉,就像我们会看到海市蜃楼一样,这都说明人们的感官不一定是真实的。