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1、特殊句式 考点一：倒装句 1.so+助动词/be 动词/情态动词+主语 So do I.我也是;neither+助动词/be 动词/情态动词+主语 Neither do I.我也不是;这两种结构常用来说明前面所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人或物,意思是“某人物也是这样”;这种结构中的助动词/be 动词/情态动词在形式上与前句的谓语动词保持一致,而其单复数形式则由后句的主语决定;Lucy is a good student,and so is Lily.Lucy 是好学生,Lily 也是好学生;I missed my father and mother,so did my sister.我想我爸爸
2、和妈妈,我的姐姐也想他们;Jim works hard on his Chinese,and so does Lucy.Jim 努力学习汉语,Lucy 也是;这两种结构的不同点是：“so+助动词/be 动词/情态动词+主语”依附于肯定句,表示前面的肯定情况也适合后面的人或物,意为“某人/某物也”,相当于“sb/sth do,too”;“neither+助动词+主语”依附于否定句,表示前面的否定情况也适合后面的人或物,意为“某人/某物也不”,相当于“sb/sth dont,either”;Mary didnt watch TV last night,and neither did Jim.He
3、likes skating and so do I.Me neither.我也不;I dont like dancing,and neither does he.2.There be 句型 There be 句型是表示“存在”的一个句型,是一个主语在 be 动词后面的倒装句;Is there a pay phone in the neighborhood There is a tree in front of the building.There are 46 students in my class.我们班有 46 位学生;3.以副词开头引起的倒装句 在以 here,there,out,in
4、,down,away 等表示方位的副词开头的句子中,如果主语是名词,要用倒装句;因此,谓语动词的形式由位于倒装句句尾的主语决定;Here is a flower.这里有一朵花;注意：如果主语是人称代词,就不必倒装;Here it is.它在这里;There she is.她在那儿;Tom,Im watching a football match.What about you _.ASo do I.am I.C.So I do.D.So I am.I hear Yang Yan made an English speech at the graduation ceremony yesterday
5、._,and_.she did;so did I did she;so I did she was;so I was was she;so I was After reading the story about Jin Jing,I was very_._.Shes really brave.;So was I B.impressing;So did I C.impressed;So was I D.relaxing;So I did Do you think well need a coffee pot I dont drink coffee,and_.Its not necessary.W
6、hy not a tea service do you you do you do do you I am interested in science.What about you _.do I am I C.So I am There_no milk in the fridge.Could you get some fro me,Dick All right,Mum.Jim is trying his best to learn Chinese Kung Fu._.does Mike is Mike Mike does Mike is 考点二：由代词 it 构成的一些特殊句式 1.用作形式主
7、语,常用于下列句型：Its+adj.+for sbto do sth Its not necessary to be the same.没有必要是相同的;It is difficult for us to do so much homework in such a short time.Its easy to have a healthy life style,and its important to eat a balanced diet.Its time to do/for/that.Its time to go to school/for dinner/that we went for
8、the party.When it was time for dessert,she turned off the lights.It seems that.看起来好像 It seems that most students hope to have a good education and find a good job.Its ones turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事 Its our turn to clean the classroom.轮到我们打扫教室了;Its your turn to speak in the meeting.轮到你在会上发言了;Its+adj.+th
9、at 从句 Its necessary that you should study hard at the moment.2.作形式宾语；Do you think it important to learn to do housework 3.引导强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who/whom+其他成分 It was on that cold night that we saw an exciting film.All of us find_necessary to take exercise every day.Two Evening Papers,please Onl
10、y one copy left.Would you like to have_,sir Most young people find_exciting to watch a football match.考点三：感叹句 1.what 引导的感叹句 What+aan+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语 What a beautiful girl she is 她是一个多么漂亮的女孩呀 What an exciting trip it was 多么令人兴奋的旅行呀 What+adj.+可数名词复数+主语+谓语 What important jobs they have done 他们做了多么重要的
11、工作呀 What beautiful dresses they are 多么美丽的衣服呀 What+adj.+不可数名词+主语+谓语 What sweet water it is 多甜的水呀 What hard work this is 这是多么困难的工作啊 2.how 引导的感叹句 How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语 How interesting the dog is 多么有趣的狗呀 How cold it is today 今天真冷呀 How beautiful these flowers are 这些花多美啊 How clearly he is speaking 他说得多么清楚啊
12、How+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语 How useful a subject they are learning 他们正在学的科目多么有用呀 How+主语+谓语 How time flies 时间过得真快呀 3.一些特殊形式 在陈述句、祈使句或疑问句句末加感叹号变成感叹句,表示某种强烈的感情；He runs so fast 他跑得真快呀 Do read it carefully 一定要仔细阅读 用一个词或词组构成的表示强烈感情的句子也是感叹句；Wonderful 好极了 Look out 小心 Great 太棒了 以 there,here 等副词开头的感叹句;There sh
13、e is 她在那儿 There goes the bell 铃响了 4.如何判断用 what 还是用 how 来引导感叹句 凡是以 a,an 开头的,多用 what；凡是形容词直接加名词的,多用 what；其他一般用 how;_good job she does She is really a clever girl.a D.How a Mary got good grades in school._excited she is a a Tan Qianqiu,a politics teacher,died in order to save his four students in the e
14、arthquake 地震 in Wenchuan._teachers he is A.How excellent B.What an excellent a excellent I hear that an old people are traveling around China by bike.Oh,_long way on their bicycles They are so great a a 考点四：祈使句 肯定句的祈使句：句型：动词原形省略主语+其他；Make your own rules 给自己制定规则 Come in 进来 Be quiet 安静 Take a taxi fro
15、m the airport.从机场坐出租车;And go along Dongchangan Jie,and turn left into Wangfujing Dajie.有时为了加强语气,可以在动词前加上 do,表示“务必,一定”;Do come on time 一定要准时到 Do look out 一定要小心 否定句的祈使句：句型：Dont+动词原形；Dont eat in the class 不要在课堂上吃东西 Dont be late 不要迟到 Dont come out 不要出去 Lets+not+动词原形 Lets not speak loudly 考点五：反意疑问句 反义疑问句
16、 1 其基本结构有两种：一是“肯定陈述句简略否定问句”；二是“否定陈述句简略肯定问句”;反意疑问句后一部分的主谓与前一部分的主谓要保持人称及助动词等方面的一致;这种疑问句的回答要根据事实,肯定的用“Yes,”;否定的用“No,”;如：It looks like rain,doesnt it He doesnt need to work so late,does he 2 1 陈述部分的主语是 this,that 时,疑问部分的主语多用 it；陈述部分的主语是these,those 时,疑问部分的主语多用 they;如：This is a dictionary,isnt it Those are
17、 shelves,arent they 2 陈述句如果是 there be 结构时,疑问句部分仍用 there;如：There once was a man named Saint Nicholas,wasnt there 3 在英语口语中,“I am+表语结构”,后面的反意疑问句多用 arent I 来体现;如：I am very interested in learning English,arent I 4 陈述句的主语是动词不定式,动词的-ing 形式或从句时,疑问部分的主语多用it 来体现;如：Taking care of our environment is very import
18、ant,isnt it What he said is right,isnt it 5陈述句中含有not,no,hardly,neither,never,few,little,too to等否定词或具有否定意义的词时,疑问部分常用肯定形式;如：Few people knew the news,did they Tom has never been to England,has he 但陈述句中如果带有否定意义的前缀和后缀的单词时,整个句子仍视为肯定句,反意疑问部分多用否定形式;如：She is unhappy,isnt she 6 陈述句的主语是 nobody,no one,everyone,
19、somebody 等不定代词时,反意疑问部分的主语多用 they 当强调全体时或 he 当强调个体时;如果陈述句的主语是something,nothing,anything,everything 等不定代词时,反意疑问部分的主语多用it;如：No one knows him,do they Someone is waiting for you,isnt he Nobody says a word about the accident,do they Everything seems all right,doesnt it 7 陈述句是主从复合句时,如果主句的谓语动词是 think,believ
20、e,expect,feel,guess 等词,且主语是第一人称 I 或 we 时,反意疑问部分的人称、时态与宾语从句保持一致,同时还要考虑到否定的转移否定前移;如：I believe that the boy can get a ticket for you,cant he I dont think he is bright,is he We believe she can do it better,cant she 若是第 二第 三人 称的话,反 义疑问 句 应该看 主句：She thought it is meaningless,didnt she 如果是转述的要注意：He said th
21、at you were in hospital,werent you 这里是对着那个 you 说的 8 祈使句的反义疑问句中：lets 的要用 shall we；let us 的要用 will you；其他形式的都用 will you;如：Go and get it for me,wont you 去帮我取个东西,好吗 Lets meet at the airport,shall we 我们在机场碰头,行不行 Have a little more wine,will you 喝点儿酒,好吗 9must 的反义疑问句：陈述部分有 must 的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定;Amust 表示“应
22、该”,其疑问部分用 mustnt 不应该,如：You must work hard next term,mustnt you 下学期你应该努力学习,对吗 Bmust 表示“必须”,其疑问部分用 neednt 不必,如：They must finish the work today,neednt they 他们今天必须要完成这项工作,是吗 C 陈述部分含情态动词mustnt,表示禁止时,疑问部分就可以用 must 或 may,如：You mustnt stop your car here,must you may we 你不能把车停在这地方,知道吗 Dmust 表示推测,其疑问部分必须与 mus
23、t 后面的主要动词相呼应;如：对现在动作或存在的情况的推测：You must know the answer to the exercise,dont you 你一定知道这项练习的答案,是不是 That must be your bed,isnt it 那一定是你的床,是吗 对过去发生的动作或存在的情况的推测：句中陈述部分没有表示过去的时间状语,这时疑问部分中的动词就用现在完成时;havent/hasnt+主语 You must have told her about it,havent you 你一定把这事告诉她了,是吗 10have 作为动词的反义疑问句：have to 的短语,且只充当一
24、般动词的作用,助动词为 do,does,和普通的一般疑问句没有任何差别,提问还是用 do,does 引导;We have to finish it,dont we 当用 have,has 做助动词的时候,疑问句才用它们引导,如：She has seen it,hasnt she 这里的助动词就是 has 当陈述部分有had better,或其中的 have表示完成时态时,疑问句应用hadnt等开头：Youd better get up early,hadnt you 其他情况句中有 have 时疑问句应用 dont 等开头；如 have 表示“有”的时候,有两种形式：do 或 have He
25、has two sisters,doesnt he=He has two sisters,hasnt he He doesnt have any sisters,does he 当 must+have done 表示对过去的情况进行推测一般句中有明确的过去时间状语,问句要根据陈述部分谓语的情况用“didnt+主语”或“wasnt/werent+主语”；如 果 强 调 动 作 的 完 成 一 般 没 有 明 确 的 过 去 时 间 状 语,问 句 要 用“havent/hasnt+主语”;She must have read the novel last week,didnt she 她上星期一
26、定读了这本小说,是吗 You must have told her about it,havent you 你一定把这事告诉她了,是吗 11 带情态动词 dare 或 need 的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 need dare +主语;We need not do it again,need we He dare not say so,dare you 当 dare,need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词 do+主语;She doesnt dare to go home alone,does she 12 感叹句中,疑问部分用 be+主语;What colours,arent they Wha
27、t a smell,isnt it 13 陈述部分由 neither nor,either or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定;Neither you nor I am engineer,are we 14 陈述部分的谓语是 wish,疑问部分要用 may+主语;I wish to have a word with you,may I 15 含有 ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用 shouldnt/oughtnt+主语;He ought to know what to do,oughtnt he/shouldnt he 16 陈述部分的谓语是us
28、ed to 时,疑问部分用 didnt+主语或 usednt+主语;He used to take pictures there,didnt he/usednt he 17 陈述部分有 would rather+v.,疑问部分多用 wouldnt+主语;He would rather read it ten times than recite it,wouldnt he 18 陈述部分有 Youd like to+v.疑问部分用 wouldnt+主语;Youd like to go with me,wouldnt you 对反意疑问句的回答,无论问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用 yes,
29、事实是否定的,就要用 no;要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构,反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时,回答 yes 或 no 与汉语正好相反;这种省略回答的 yes 要译成“不”,no 要译成“是”;例-He likes playing football,doesnt he 他喜欢踢足球,是吗 -Yes,he does./No,he doesnt.是的;/不是;-His sister didnt attend the meeting,did she 他妹妹没有参加会议,是吗 -Yes,she did./No,she didnt.不,她参加了;/是的,她没参加;考点六：强调句 英语表达中,要强调句子的某一成
30、分,一般可用强调句型“It is was+that who+句子的其余部分”;It 在句中无意义,只起引出被强调部分的作用;被强调的部分指人时,除可用 that 外,还可换用 who 强调宾语指人时也可用 whom;使用强调句型时,应注意以下事项：一、去掉强调结构 It is was thatwho后,剩下的词仍能组成一个完整的句子;这是判断是不是强调句型的关键;试比较：1.It is strange that he didnt come yesterday.2.It is you and Tom that didnt come yesterday.1.It is what you do ra
31、ther than what you say _matters.05 天津 2.That was really a splendid evening.Its years _I enjoyed myself so much.A.when B.that C.before D.since 05 安徽 二、如果强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时,不可用 when,where,why 或 how,而仍用 that;试比较：It was because of the accident why he was late.误,It was because of the accident that he was l
32、ate.正;又如：1.It was not until midnight_they reached the camp site.08重庆 A.that B.when C.while D.as 2.It was after he got what he had desired _he realized it was not so important.06辽宁 A.that B.when C.since D.as 3.It was in New Zealand _ Elizabeth first met Mr.Smith.08 全国 II A.that B.how C.which D.when 三
33、、注意强调句型的否定句和疑问句形式,在这方面很容易因弄不清句子结构而错选;如:1.I just wonder _that makes him so excited.06山东 A.why it does B.what he does C.how it is D.what it is 2.It was not until she got home _Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.A.when B.that C.where D.before06 全国卷二 四、强调主语时,that 或 who 后面的谓语动词的形式仍然取决于原句中的主语；be 的变化只
34、有 is 和 was 两种形式,如果要表示现在时将来时的其它各种形式时,就用 It is,表达过去时的各种形式时,用 It was.一般要与谓语动词的时态一致;如：1.It is I who/that am an English teacher.2.It is the boy who/that speaks English best in theclass.3.It was on Sunday that he gave George this ticket.4.It is the little girl who/that has broken the glass.五、在复习中有可能把 It i
35、s/wasthat 句式都误认为是强调句型的几种情况：1、把具有实际意义的指示代词 it 后面接 is/wasthat 误认为是强调句式;-Where did you get to know her07 山东-It was on the farm _ we worked.AthatBthereCwhich D.where 2、把 it 指时间、天气、距离、环境等后接 be 的情形误以为是强调句型;It was twenty miles from our city to the village _the accident happened.3、把 It is/wasthat 结构的主语从句误认为
36、是强调句型;The Foreign Minister said,“_our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”04 北京 A.This is B.There is C.That is D.It is 强调句型 It is/was that/who 主要用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语或表语;如果要强调谓语动词,应该用代动词do及其变形 does 或did,这三种形式常用在谓语动词之前,以加强语气;它一般只能强调现在时与过去时;如：I do wish I could.我真希望我能;He does look well.他的确看起来气色很好;You did give me a fright.你真把我给吓了一跳;