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1、Lesson 143 A walk through the woodsNewwordsandexpressions。1.surround v.包围包围be surrounded by.被什么包围被什么包围2.place v.放；放；n.地方地方3.count v.数，点数，点4.cover v.覆盖覆盖be covered with 被被覆盖覆盖5.throw v.扔，抛扔，抛 threw；thrown6.prosecute v.依法处置依法处置1.wood n.树林树林2.beauty spot 风景点风景点3.hundred 百百4.city 城市城市5.visitor 参观者，参观者，游
2、客游客6.litter 杂乱的东西杂乱的东西9.rubbish 垃圾垃圾8.piece 碎片碎片10.tyre 轮胎轮胎7.litter basket 废物筐废物筐”1.tidy adj.整齐的整齐的2.rusty adj.生锈的生锈的3.through prep.穿过穿过4.among prep.在在.之间之间课文讲解Iliveinaveryoldtownwhichissurroundedbybeautifulwoods.Besurroundedby四周环绕着我住在一个四周围绕着高楼的地方。Iliveinaplacewhichissurroundedbytallbuildings.我住在四周
3、围绕着山的小村中。Iliveinavillagewhichissurroundedbyhills.Itisafamousbeautyspot.Beautyspot,风景点Touristattraction,游览胜地别人告诉我青岛是个旅游胜地IhavebeentoldthatQingdaoisagoodtouristattraction.OnSundays,hundredsofpeoplecomefromthecitytoseeourtownandtowalkthroughthewoods.hundredsof成百上千的成百上千的战士在这场战争中牺牲。Hundredsofsoldiersdied
4、inthiswar.across over through 的用法区别的用法区别across：横过，穿过横过，穿过，特指从一边到另一边，特指从一边到另一边e.g.1)The bus is coming across the bridge.2)Can you swim across the river?3)The child will go across the crossroads after the light turns green.over:越过，翻越过去越过，翻越过去e.g.1）After they climbed over the hill they found many flowe
5、rs in the fields.2)They cant climb over the mountain if they cant keep going.Visitorshavebeenaskedtokeepthewoodscleanandtidy.Litterbasketshavebeenplacedunderthetrees,butpeoplestillthrowtheirrubbisheverywhere.LastWednesday,Iwentforawalkinthewoods.Goforawalk散步WhatIsawmademeverysad.句中的主语WhatIsaw是what引导
6、的名词性从句(主语从句)。那个小男孩所做的一切使他母亲十分惊讶。Whatthelittleboydidsurprisedhismother.你所做的使我愉快。Whatyoudomakesmehappy.Icountedsevenoldcarsandthreeoldrefrigerators.Thelittlebasketswereemptyandthegroundwascoveredwithpiecesofpaper,cigaretteends,oldtyres,emptybottlesandrustytins.becoveredwith.被.覆盖桌子上布满了灰尘。Thedesksarecov
7、eredwithdust.地上覆盖着雪。Thegroundwascoveredwithsnow.Amongtherubbish,Ifoundasignwhichsaid,Anyonewholeaveslitterinthesewoodswillbeprosecuted!该晚会来者不拒。Anyonewhocomestothepartyiswelcome.任何违反交通规则的人都会被罚款。Anyonewhobreaksthetrafficregulationswillbefined.through:穿过穿过 特指从某空间穿特指从某空间穿过过e.g.1)The deer is going throug
8、h the forest.2)The balloon is flying on and on through the clouds.3)Jack saw many students playing in the playgroundthrough the window.Passive Voice被动语态基本用法被动语态基本用法当句子的当句子的主语主语是动作的是动作的执行者执行者时，时，谓语的形式是谓语的形式是主动语态主动语态。当句子的。当句子的主语是动作的主语是动作的承受者承受者时，谓语要用时，谓语要用被动语态被动语态。被动语态由助动词。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词过去分词构成，时态通过构成
9、，时态通过be表现出表现出来。来。1.They make shoes in that factory.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语Shoes are made (by them)in that factory.一般现在时：一般现在时：S(主语）主语）+am/is/are +过去分词过去分词His brother washes bowls everyday.主主谓谓宾宾(受动者受动者)Bowls arewashed by his brother every day.改为被动语态TheyplayfootballonSunday.Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening
10、.Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.WemakethesemachinesinBeilun.PeoplespeakEnglishasthefirstlanguageinUK.Football is played by them on Sunday.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by them in class.These machines are made in Beilun.English is spoken as the first language in U
11、K.2.They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by them)last term.一般过去时：一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词过去分词Helookedafterthelittlebabyyesterday.主谓宾(受动者)Thelittlebaby waslookedafterbyhimyesterday.Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.Wecleanedourclassroomj
12、ustnow.Theyusedthisroomforresting.Theyplantedmanytreesyearsago.The tall building was built by them last year.His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.This room was used for resting by them.Many trees were planted by them years ago.3.They wil
13、l finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished(by them)in ten days.一般将来时：一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词过去分词Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.主主谓谓宾宾(受动者受动者)Theroom willbecleaned by Tom tomorrow.Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow.Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisa
14、fternoon.Thefarmerswillgrowdifferentkindsofvegetablesnextspring.UncleWangwillmendtheTVsettomorrow.A sports meeting will be had by us next week.Some photos will be taken by children in the schoolyard tomorrow.A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.Different kinds of vegetables will be
15、grown by the farmers next spring.The TV set will be mended by Uncle Wang tomorrow.4Amy can take good care of Gina Gina can be taken good care of by Amy.情态动词：情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词过去分词1.He can take care of the baby.2.Lucy may draw the pictures.3.You must turn off the lights.4.They should
16、learn English well.5.Jim could do it yesterday.The baby can be taken care of by him.The picture may be drawn by Lucy.The lights must be turned off by you.English should be learned well by them.It could be done by Jim yesterday.被动语态中的特殊情况1.不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。e.g.Thestudentslistentothetea
17、chercarefullyinclass.被动句：Theteacherislistenedtocarefullybythestudentsinclass.e.g.Theylookafterthenewstudentsintheschool.被动句：Thenewstudentsarelookedafterbythemintheschool.2.当动词带有复合宾语(有宾补),并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to”e.g.Theymakeusdoallthework.被动句：Wearemadetodoalltheworkbythem.e.g.Weoftenhearhersi
18、ngsongs.被动句：Sheisoftenheardtosingsongsbyus.e.g.Isawhimwalktoschool.被动句：Hewasseentowalktoschoolbyme.这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。（let，have，make，feel，see,watch,hear,notice)3.当动词带双宾语时(一个宾语是指人，一个是指物)，将其中指人的宾语提前作被动句的主语时，另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来；如是将指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语，在被动句中则指人宾语前应加“to”或“for”。常见加to的动词有give，send,teach，write,sh
19、ow,pass,ask,tell常见加for的动词有make,draw,buye.g.Hegivesmeaflowereveryday.被动1Iamgivenaflowerbyhimeveryday.被动2Aflowerisgiventomebyhimeveryday.e.g.Mymotherboughtmeacomputer.被动1Iwasboughtacomputerbymymother.被动2Acomputerwasboughtformebymymother.练习：将下列句子变为被动句。1.LiLeilistenstohisfathercarefully.2.Themotherlooke
20、dafterthebabyintheroom.3.Wetookcareofthethings.4.Theygaveussomework.5.Theboymadethemlaughallthetime.6.Mymotherbuysmeabike.1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a m
21、onth.are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）变被动语态）5.His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them.was made to have can be used3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return t
22、he book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told9.The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1)_ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2)Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.we were given were given to us7.Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last
23、time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work.Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.was asked is done12.He can mend
24、the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.can be mended must be taken14.The students in this school study German.German _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_ this que
25、stion often _ about _ _?is studiedIs talked by them下列时态的被动语态构成下列时态的被动语态构成 1.Lucy is watering the trees.2.The boy was mending his bike.3.We have finished our compositions.Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时：现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词I was
26、 doing my homework at 8:00 last night My homework was being done(by me)at 8:00 last night.过去进行时：过去进行时：S+was/were+being+过去分词过去分词We have made twenty more keysTwenty more keys have been made by us.现在完成时：现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词过去分词各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般过去时：情态动词：情态动词：一般将来时：一般将来时：现在进行时：现在进行时：现在完成时：现在完成时：过去进行时：过去进行时：S+am/is/are+doneS+was/were+doneS+can/may/must/should+be+doneS+will+be+doneS+am/is/are+being+doneS+have/has+been+doneS+was/were+being+doneHomework1.整理课堂笔记整理课堂笔记2.背诵课文背诵课文lesson1433.跟读录音朗读课文跟读录音朗读课文3遍遍