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1、Marine TechnologyLecturer:liubeiDepartmentofMarinetechnologyCollegeofelectronicandinformationengineeringMarinetechnologyMarinetechnologyisdefinedbyWEGEMT(aEuropeanassociationof40universitiesin17countries)as“technologiesforthesafeuse,exploitation,protectionof,andinterventionin（对的干预）,themarineenvironm
2、ent.“marine environment:海洋环境海洋环境WEGEMTisaEuropeanAssociationof40Universitiesin17countries.Itwasformedin1978withtheaimofincreasingtheknowledgebase（知识库）,andupdatingandextendingtheskillsandcompetenceofpracticingengineersandpostgraduatestudentsworkingatanadvancedlevelinmarinetechnologyandrelatedsciences
3、.MarinetechnologyAccordingtoWEGEMT,thetechnologiesinvolvedinmarinetechnologyarethefollowing:navalarchitecture(船舶工程),marineengineering(海洋工程),shipdesign（船舶设计）,shipbuildingandshipoperations（船舶制造和操作）;oilandgasexploration（油气勘探）;hydrodynamics（流体力学）,navigation（导航）,seasurfaceandsub-surfacesupport,underwater
4、technologyandengineering;marineresources(includingbothrenewable（可再生的）andnon-renewablemarineresources);transportlogistics（物流）andeconomics;inland,coastal,shortsea（近海）anddeepseashipping（海运）;protectionofthemarineenvironment;leisure（休闲）andsafety（安全设备）.MarinetechnologyTodaystechnologiesallowustoexplorethe
5、oceaninincreasinglysystematic（系统的）,scientific,andnoninvasiveways.Withcontinuingscientificandtechnologicaladvances,ourabilitytoobservetheoceanenvironmentanditsresident(定居的)creatures(生物)isbeginningtocatchupwithourimaginations,expandingourunderstandingandappreciationofthisstilllargelyunexploredrealm.no
6、ninvasive,nninveisiv：非非侵袭的；非侵害侵袭的；非侵害的的unexplored realm rlm:未知的领域未知的领域MarinetechnologyMarineTechnologyhighlightsthetechnologiesthatmaketodaysexplorations(勘查)possibleandthescientificachievements（科研成果）thatresultfromtheseexplorations.Technologiesincludeplatformssuchasvessels(船舶)andsubmersibles(深潜器),obs
7、ervingsystemsandsensors,communicationtechnologies,anddivingtechnologiesthattransportusacrossoceanwatersandintothedepths（深水生境区）,allowingustoscientificallyexamine,record,andanalyzethemysteriesoftheocean.Contents:1.Platforms:Vessels(船舶)2.Platforms:Submersibles(深潜器)3.ObservingSystemsandSensors4.Communic
8、ation(通讯)Technologies1.Platforms:VesselsThewaterscoveringourplanetarevast,extendingover70percentofitssurface.BeyondthecoastlinesofEarthsmajorcontinents,however,theoceanremainsvirtuallyunexplored,dueinparttothesheersizeoftheoceanandthepotentiallydeadlyconditionsthatawaitoceantravelers.coastlines of E
9、arths major continents:地球主要大洲的海岸地球主要大洲的海岸the sheer size of：庞大：庞大的规模的规模Vesselsarearguablythemostcriticalelementinanyocean-goingventure.Onceashipleavesthesafetyofitsdock（码头）,itisanislanduntoitselfontheopenseas,itscrew（全体船员）atthemercyofthewaves.Anyship,froma15-footsailboat（帆船）toa1,500-foottanker（tanker
10、）,mustcarryallofthefood,water,fuel,andequipmentthatitscrewwillneedtolivesafelyforthedurationofthejourney.ocean-going venture：远洋冒险：远洋冒险at the mercy of the waves：海浪的海浪的摆布摆布1 foot 英尺英尺=0.3048 meters(米米)Inthecaseofresearchvessels,theshipsmustalsobeequippedwithspecialtoolsandtechnologythatallowscientists
11、toexploreoceanenvironments.Researchvesselsarehighlyadvancedmobileresearchstations,providingstableplatformsfromwhichexplorerscandeployequipment,divers,andsubmersibles.Inaddition,thesevesselscarrystate-of-the-artelectronics,computers,andnavigationalandcommunicationssystems.research vessels：调查船，研究船：调查船
12、，研究船explore ocean environments：探索海洋环境：探索海洋环境mobile research stations：移动研究站：移动研究站deploy equipment：部署设备、潜水、潜水器：部署设备、潜水、潜水器state-of-the-art：国家的最先进的：国家的最先进的 navigational and communications：导航和通信：导航和通信（1）NOAAShipOkeanosExplorer（“俄刻阿诺斯探索者”号）NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer is Americas first federally funded shi
13、p dedicated(专用的)to ocean exploration and discovery.Missions of the 224-foot(68.2752 m)vessel include mapping（绘图）,site characterization,reconnaissance（侦（侦察；察；勘测）勘测）,advancing technology,education,and outreach(延伸),all focused on deep-sea exploration.federally funded：联邦政府资助的：联邦政府资助的site characterizatio
14、n:场地场地特征特征描述描述advancing technology:不断进步的技术，现代不断进步的技术，现代科技科技NOAAShipOkeanosExplorerberthed(停泊)attheNOAAFordIslandfacilitylocatedinthemiddleofPearlHarbor(珍珠港),Hawaii.Sincetheshipwascommissioned(服役)in2008,theOkeanosExplorerhastraveledtheglobe,exploringeverywherefromtheIndonesian(印尼)CoralTriangleRegion,
15、tobenthic(底栖的)environmentsintheGalpagos（加拉帕戈斯群岛）andcanyons(峡谷)andseamounts(海底山)offtheNortheastU.S.coast,furtheringourknowledgeofmanypreviouslyunexploredareasandsettingthestage(奠定了基础)forfuturein-depthexplorationactivities.Coral Triangle Region:珊瑚礁珊瑚礁三角区三角区the Galpagos and:加拉帕戈斯群岛加拉帕戈斯群岛in-depth explo
16、ration:深部深部勘探勘探ScienceandResearchSupport科学和研究支持OkeanosExplorerisashipofdiscovery.Followingadiscovery,theshipmaystopanddeployremotelyoperatedvehicles(ROVs)andothersensorsandsystems.Togetherwithshore-basedexplorationteams,scientistsandtechniciansatseamayconductpreliminary（初步的）additionalinvestigations,
17、developingenoughdatatoprovideanenergized（有活力的）usercommunitywithjustificationforfollow-on(后继的论证),hypotheses-basedinvestigations.Inthisway,OkeanosExplorerisalsoapath-finding(向导)ship,creatingawake(尾迹)ofdiscoverydataforotherscientistsonothershipstoconductsubsequentandmoredetailedinvestigations.remotely
18、operated vehicles:有有缆遥控缆遥控水下机器人水下机器人,有有缆缆遥控潜水器遥控潜水器shore-based:岸基的岸基的，设设在岸上在岸上的的hypotheses-based investigations：基于假设的：基于假设的调查调查discovery data：探索资料：探索资料Deep Discoverer,the remotely operated vehicle dedicated to(专用于)the Okeanos Explorer explores the Northeast U.S.Canyons during a 2013 expedition.Thesh
19、ipcomeswith(自带)avarietyofsensorsandsystems,includingamodern,hull-mountedmultibeamsonarforgeneratinghigh-resolutionmapsoftheseafloorandwatercolumnto6,000metersdeep.Thesemapsanddatahelpexplorersidentifyinterestingfeatures(有意义的特性)thatwarrant(保证)furtherinvestigationandcanserveasguidesforconducting(指导)vi
20、sualsurveysusingROVs.hull-mounted multibeam sonar：船船用用多波束多波束声纳声纳water column：水柱，水层：水柱，水层 visual surveys：可视化调查：可视化调查OkeanoshastwoROVs,attached(连着)bytethers（系缆，系绳）andcapableofoperatingtodepthsof6,000meters.TheSeirios(天狼星)camerasled(超辐射发光二极管)issuspendedabovetheotherROVandservestoilluminate(照明)andimaget
21、hesurroundings.SuspendedbelowSeiriosistheDeepDiscovererROV.DeepDiscoverercarriesaminimumof(至少)sixunderwatervideocameras;alargearrayof(大批)thenewestLEDlightingtechnology;andanavailablesensorpayload(有效载荷)ofover400pounds（181.44kg）.underwater video cameras:水下摄像机水下摄像机 the newest LED lighting technology:最新
22、的最新的LED照明技术照明技术1 pound=0.453592kg;Twoseven-functionhydraulicmanipulators,ahydraulicallyactuated(驱动)sensorplatform,full-colorsectorscansonar,andafullyintegrated(全集成)inertialnavigationsystemareallstandardcapabilitiesofDeepDiscoverer.hydraulic manipulators:液压机械手液压机械手full-color sector scan sonar:全色扇扫声纳全
23、色扇扫声纳inertial navigation system:惯性导航系统惯性导航系统standard capabilities of:标准的性能标准的性能NavigationandCommunication导航和通信OkeanosExplorerusesadynamicpositioningsystem,asortofautomaticpilotthatintegrates(集成)satellitepositioningdataandmeteorological(气象)datawiththeshipsengines(发动机)andthrusters(推进器),toremainonstati
24、onwhenROVsaredeployed.dynamic positioning system:动态定位系统动态定位系统automatic pilot:自动导航仪自动导航仪satellite positioning data:卫星定位数据卫星定位数据NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorers VSAT.VSAT stands for Very Small Aperture Terminal(甚小孔径天甚小孔径天线终端线终端).VSATs are small Earth-based satellite dish arrays(小型地面卫星天线阵列).On the ship,it i
25、s the VSAT that allows the real-time sharing(实时共享)of exploration data.Theshipcarriescutting-edgetechnology(最前沿的技术)thatenablesexplorersatseaandonshoretoinvestigatetheunknownandpoorlyunderstoodocean.Thisispossibletoduetotelepresencetechnology.Whenyoulookattheship,oneofitsmostvisiblefeaturesisthesatell
26、itedomeatop(在顶上)itsmast(桅杆).Thisdomeispartofahigh-bandwidth(高带宽)satellitecommunicationssystemcapableoftransmittingdatathroughInternet2(第二代因特网)connectionstoscientistsonshore.telepresence technology:远程呈现系统远程呈现系统satellite dome:卫星整流罩卫星整流罩Theshipsendsmultibeam(多波束)mappingdata;datacollectedfromshipsensors
27、;andreal-time,high-definitionvideofeedsfromROVsatratesupto20Mb/s(megabytes(兆字节)persecond)fromtheshiptotheshoreandupto4Mb/sfromshorebacktotheship.Thiscapabilityisrequiredtosupportfulltransmissionofthehigh-definitionvideofrombothROVsandfromauxiliarycameras(辅助摄像头)ontheship.mapping data:测绘数据测绘数据high-def
28、inition video:高高清清视频视频重点词汇vessels:船舶船舶ocean-going venture：远洋：远洋冒险冒险dock：码头码头at the mercy of the waves：海浪的海浪的摆布摆布sailboat：帆船帆船tanker：油轮：油轮research vessels：调查船，研：调查船，研究船究船explore ocean environments：探索探索海洋环境海洋环境mobile research stations：移：移动研究站动研究站deploy equipment：部署设备、：部署设备、潜水、潜水器潜水、潜水器state-of-the-art
29、：国家的最先：国家的最先进的进的 navigational and communications：导航和：导航和通信通信federally funded：联邦政府：联邦政府资助的资助的site characterization:场地特征场地特征描述描述reconnaissance:侦察；勘测侦察；勘测advancing technology:现代现代科科技技Berthed at:停泊停泊Coral Triangle Region:珊瑚礁珊瑚礁三角区三角区the Galpagos and canyons:加加拉帕戈斯群岛和峡谷拉帕戈斯群岛和峡谷in-depth exploration:深部深部勘
30、探勘探benthic environments:海底生海底生物；底栖生物环境物；底栖生物环境remotely operated vehicles:有有缆遥控缆遥控水下机器人水下机器人，有有缆遥控缆遥控潜水器潜水器shore-based:岸基的，设在岸岸基的，设在岸上上的的hull-mounted multibeam sonar：船用多波束声纳：船用多波束声纳water column：水柱，水层：水柱，水层 visual surveys：可视化调查：可视化调查tethers:用绳，系缆，系绳用绳，系缆，系绳underwater video cameras:水水下摄像机下摄像机 the newes
31、t LED lighting technology:最新的最新的LED照明技照明技术术hydraulic manipulators:液压液压机机械手械手full-color sector scan sonar:全全色扇扫色扇扫声纳声纳inertial navigation system:惯惯性导航系统性导航系统standard capabilities of:标准标准的的性能性能dynamic positioning system:动态定位系统动态定位系统automatic pilot:自动领航仪自动领航仪satellite positioning data:卫星卫星定位数据定位数据thrus
32、ters:推进器推进器Very Small Aperture Terminal(甚小孔径天线终端甚小孔径天线终端)small Earth-based satellite dish arrays(小型地面卫星天线小型地面卫星天线阵列阵列)telepresence technology:远程远程呈现系统呈现系统satellite dome:卫星整流罩卫星整流罩（2）NOAAShipRonaldH.Brown(“罗纳德布朗”号)MeettheNOAAShipRonaldH.Brown.Thisstate-of-the-artoceanographicandatmosphericresearchves
33、selisthelargestshipintheNOAAfleet,measuring274feet(83.5152m)anddisplacing(排水量)morethan3,200tons.SincebeingcommissionedinJuly1997,theRonBrownhastraveledfromitshomeportinCharleston(在查尔斯顿港),SouthCarolina,totheAtlantic,Pacific,andIndianOceans.Numerouson-board instruments(船船载载仪器仪器)areusedtocollectandasse
34、ssscientificdatafromaboveandbelowtheoceansurface,allowingustosimultaneouslymeasuretheatmosphereandtheoceanandincreaseourunderstandingofglobal climatic changes(全球气候变化全球气候变化)andotherenvironmentalissues.ScienceandResearchSupportTwo Global Positioning System-based(基于全球定位系统的基于全球定位系统的)radiosonde(无线电探空仪)sy
35、stemsontheshipareusedtomonitor(监控)weather.Aradiosondeisattachedtoaweatherballoon(探空气球)andreleasedintotheupperatmosphere(高层大气)tomeasureatmosphericpressure,temperature,humidity,andconcentrations of ozone(臭氧浓度臭氧浓度).Thedataisthentransmittedtogroundreceiversforprocessingandanalysis.Additionalmeteorologic
36、alsensors(气象传感器)ontheshipmeasureprecipitation(降水),windspeedanddirection(风速风向),andshort-waveradiation(短波辐射).Tostudyphenomenabeneaththeoceanssurface,theRonBrownisequippedwithtwoshallow-water echo sounders(浅水浅水回声测深仪回声测深仪)thatcandevelopbroad-basedprofiles(剖面图)oftheseaflooratdepthsupto(深度可达)1,000meters.T
37、heseechosounderscanalsobeusedtolocatefishforstudiesofspeciesdistributionandabundance(物种分布和丰度).Amultibeam survey system(多波束测量系统多波束测量系统)ontheshipusesanadvancedsonarsystem(先进的声纳系统)tocreatebathymetric(underwatertopography)charts,aswellasdetailedthree-dimensionalimagesoftheseafloor.Anacoustic Doppler cur
38、rent profiler(ADCP,声学多普勒流速剖声学多普勒流速剖面仪面仪)ontheRonBrownallowsscientiststomeasurethespeedanddirectionofwatercurrentsbeneaththevessel.AConductivity,Temperature,and Depth,or CTD,devicecanbeusedtomeasureconductivityandtemperaturechangesinthewater column(水层水层)relativetodepth.Additionalinstrumentsonboardthe
39、shipareavailabletoalsomeasuresalinity,fluorescence(荧光性),conductivity,andtemperature.TheRonBrownalsohasaseriesofcranes(起重机)andwinches(绞车)forloadingsuppliesandscientificgear(科学设备),aswellasseveralcranesandbooms(吊杆)toaccommodatethetransferofheavierequipmenttoandfromtheship.AnA-frame(A字架)mounted(安装)onthe
40、vesselsstern(船尾)isusedtodeployandrecoversubmersibles,surfacefloats,andsmallersupportboats.Scientistsandcrewpreparetolaunchasediment trap(沉积物收集器沉积物收集器)fromNOAAShipRonaldH.Brown.NavigationandCommunicationsThenetworkandcomputersystemsaboardtheRonBrownareusedforeverythingfromsensor acquisition(传感数据采集传感数
41、据采集)anddata analysis(数据分析数据分析)toadministration(管理)andpayroll(在册职工人数).NearlyalloftheshipsscientificdevicesareintegratedintoanonboardoceanographicsystemcalledtheScientificComputingSystem(SCS).NavigationandCommunicationsTheSCSisanetworkthatcollects,stores,processes,retrieves(检索),andsendsoceanographicda
42、tafromallthenavigationandenvironmentalsensors,bathymetric sonar systems(水深声纳系水深声纳系统统),andothermissionsensors.Internetaccessisreadilyavailableontheship.重点词汇displacing(排水量排水量)more than 3,200 tonsglobal climatic changes(全球全球气候变化气候变化)Global Positioning System-based(基于全球定位系统的基于全球定位系统的)radiosonde(无线电探空仪无线
43、电探空仪)concentrations of ozone(臭氧浓臭氧浓度度)precipitation(降水降水)wind speed and direction(风速风风速风向向)short-wave radiation(短波辐射短波辐射)重点词汇shallow-water echo sounders(浅水回声测深仪浅水回声测深仪)multibeam survey system(多多波束测量系统波束测量系统)advanced sonar system(先进先进的声纳系统的声纳系统)fluorescence(荧光性荧光性)cranes(起重机起重机)and winches(绞绞车车)scien
44、tific gear(科学设备科学设备)A-frame(A字架字架)vessels stern(船尾船尾)重点词汇sediment trap(沉积物收集器沉积物收集器)sensor acquisition(传感数据传感数据采集采集)bathymetric sonar systems(水深声纳系统水深声纳系统)(3)ResearchVesselAtlantis（亚特兰蒂斯）Theresearchvessel(R/V)AtlantisisownedbytheU.S.NavyandoperatedbyWoodsHoleOceanographicInstitution(WHOI)fortheocean
45、ographiccommunity.Specificallyoutfitted（配备）forlaunchingandservicingAlvin,thehuman-occupied（载人载人）submersible,Atlantisisthenamesake（同名）ofWHOIsfirstresearchvessel,whichwasthefirstAmericanshipbuiltspecificallyforresearchinmarinebiology,marinegeology,andphysicaloceanography.ScienceandResearchSupportTheAt
46、lantiscontainsmorethan3,500squarefeetoflaboratoryspacefordedicateduse（专门使用）bytheonboardscienceparty.Themainlabisalarge,open-space,general-purposelaboratorydirectlyaccessibleby（可到达）themaindeckthatcanaccommodateavarietyofshiftingneedsandequipment.Thebio/analyticallab（生物/分析实验室）isisolatedfrom（隔绝的）theres
47、tofthelabspacestoallowformoreprecise temperature control（精密精密温控）温控）and/oreliminationofcontamination（污染）fromotherareas.ScienceandResearchSupportThehydrolab（水文实验室）islocatedontheportsideof（左舷的）themaindeckandisusedasageneral-purpose facility（通用的设备通用的设备）.Oneendof（一端）thehydrolabisusedasamaintenancearea（维护
48、区）forremotely operated vehicles（有缆遥控有缆遥控水下机器人）水下机器人）(ROVs)usedontheship.LocatedneartheAlvinhanger（吊架）,thewetlaballowsscientiststodraw water samples（打水样本打水样本）andmaintainwatersamplingequipment.Finally,scientistsalsohaveaccesstoawell-equippedcomputerandelectronicslab.Twostorerooms（库房）allowforoverheadst
49、owage（装载物）oflargegear（大型齿轮）.Portablelabspacealsoisavailableontheworkingdecks.Inaddition,thesubmersiblesupportcrewhasaccesstoelectricalandmachineshops,andthemaindeckhousestwohangars（机库）forAlvinandtheROVs.ThemainlaboratoryspaceontheR/VAtlantis.TheAtlantisisequippedwithavarietyofpermanent（永久性）tools,inc
50、ludingadata logging and display system（数据记录数据记录和显示系统和显示系统）;navigationdisplays,winch（绞车）readouts（面板显示）,andmeteorological readings（气象数据气象数据）inprincipallaboratoryspaces;aCTDRosette;anacoustic Doppler current profiler（声学多普勒流速剖面声学多普勒流速剖面仪）仪）;amultibeam echosounder system（多波束测深仪系统多波束测深仪系统）forseabedmapping