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1、have just more familiar with them. Each week on TV, the Monkees would play and sing songs written by other musicians. However, after a year or so in which they became more serious about their work, the Monkees started to play and sing their own songs like a real band. Then they produced their own re
2、cords and started touring and playing their own music. In the USA they became even more popular than the Beatles and sold even more records. The band broke up about 1970, but happily they reunited in the mid-1980s. They produced a new record in 1996, with which they celebrated their former time as a
3、 real band.Freddy the frog（）Not long after Freddy and the band became famous, they visited Britain on a brief tour. Fans showed their devotion by waiting for hours to get tickets for their concerts . Freddy was now quite confident when he went into a concert hall. He enjoyed singing and all the cong
4、ratulations afterwards! His most exciting invitation was to perform on a TV programme called “ Top of pops “. He had to go to London, wear an expensive suit and give a performance to a TV camera. It felt very strange. But as soon as the programme was over, the telephones which were in the same room
5、started ringing. Everybody was asking when they could see Freddy and his band again. They were truly stars.Then things went wrong. Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without being followed. Even when they wore sunglasses or beards people recognized them. Fans found them even when they wen
6、t into toilet. They tried to hide in the reading rooms of libraries, but it was useless. Someone was always there! Their personal life was regularly discussed by people who did not know them but talked as if they close friends. At last feeling very upset and sensitive, Freddy and his band realized t
7、hat they must leave the country before it became too painful for them. So they left Britain, to which they were never to return, and went back to the lake.必修三Unit 1Festivals and celebrationsFestivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals
8、would celebrate the end of cold weather,planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. Todays festivals have many origins, some
9、religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events. Festivals of the Dead Some festivals are held to honour the dead or satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of t
10、heir ancestors. They also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early Novemver. On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them. They offer f
11、ood, flowers and gifts to the dead. The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. It is now a childrens festival, when they can dress up an go to their neighbours homes to ask for sweets. If the neighbours do not give any sweers, the
12、 children might play a trick on them.Fetivals to Honour PeopleFestivals can also be held to honour famous people. The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan. In the USA, Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World. India has a nat
13、ional festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain Indias independece from Britain.Harvest FestivalsHarvest and Thanksgiving festival can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. In Europ
14、ean countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals. Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals, when people admir
15、e the moon and in China, enjoy mooncakes.Spring FestivalsThe most energetic and important festivals are te ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumpings ifsh and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper. There
16、 are dragon dances and carnivals , and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together. Some Western countries have very exciting carnicals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colo
17、urful clothing of all kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival for Chiristians around the world. It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life. Japans Cherry Blossom Festical happens a little later. The country, covered with cherry tree flow
18、ers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget ou work for a little while.A Sad Love StoryLi Fang was heart-broken. It was Valetines Day and Hu Jin had said she
19、would meet him at the coffee shop after work. But she didnt turn up. She could be with her friends right now laughing at him. She said she would be there at seven o clock, and he thought she would keep her word. He had looked forward to meeting her all day, and now he was alon with his roses and cho
20、colates, like a fool. Well, he ws not going to hold his breath for her to apologize. He would drown his sadness in coffee.It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave he wiped the tables, then sat down and turned on the TV just what Li Fang needed! A sad Chines
21、e story about lost love.The randdaughter of the Goddess of Heaven visited the earth. Her name was Zhinu, the weaving firl. While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love. ( “ Just like me and Hu Jin,” thought Li Fang.) They got married secretly, and they were very happy. (
22、“We could be like that, “ thought Li Fang.) When the Goddess of Heaven knew that her granddaughter was married to a human, she became very angry and made the weaving girl return to Heaven. Niulang tried to follow her, but the river of stars, the Milky Way, stopped him. Finding that Zhinu was heart-b
23、roken, her grandmother finally decided to let the couple cross the Milky Way to meet once a year. Magipies make a bridge of their wings so the couple can cross the river to meet on the seventh day of the senveth lunar month. People in Chian hope that the weather will be fine on that day, because if
24、it is raining, it means that zhinu is weeping and the couple wont be able to meet.The announcer said, “ This is the story of Qiqiao Festival. When foreigners hear about the story they call it a Chinese Valentines story. Its a fine day today, so I hope you can all meet the one you love.”As Li Fang se
25、t off for home, he thought , “ I guess Hu Jin doesnt love me. I just throw these flowers and chocolates away. I dont want them to remind me of her.” So he did.As he sadly passed the tea shop on the corner on his wasy home, he heard a voice calling him. There was Hujin waving at him and calling, “Why
26、 are you so late? Ive been waiting for you for a long time! An I have a gift for you!”What would he do? He had thrown away her Valentine figes! She would never forgive him. This would not be a happy Balentines Day!Winter Carnival in QuebecA group of very cold tourists are sitting in a cafe in old Qu
27、evec, drinking hor coffee to try to warm up. The temperature is 32 degrees below freezing. The windows are cobered with steam from the heat inside. Outside, snow covers the streets and is piled up along the sidewalks. The music and lights of the Carnival continue, but after a whole day of watching p
28、arades, riding in horse carriages and listening to the music, their feet are freezing and their noses are red.Every year, hundreds of thousands of people come to Quebec to take part in the weel-long winter festival, the biggest in the world. Everyone who comes must be prepared to keep moving. As it
29、is too cold to stand and watch for long.Early in the morning, you can watch the snowboarding competitions on the hill overlooking the river. Competitors speed down the track and through the air as though they could fly.The more brave of heart may try the canoe races. Five or six men paddle each cano
30、e across the partly-frozen St Lawrence River. The river is full of big pieces of ice, and if you were to fall in, you would freeze in less than two minutes.On of the favourite events is the dog-sled race, in which teams of about six husky dogs pll long sleds at great speeds along a snowy track. One
31、person runs behind the sled, shouting to the dogs to encoutage them. The sound of the dogs barking, the calls of the drivers and the shouts of crowd make an exciting Nothern experience. The dogs are beautiful strong animals, with long, thick fur and many with blue eyes.While admiring the ice sculptu
32、res ecerywhere in the city, much like those in Harbin in China, you can stop with other tourists in an igloo for hot tea or coffee. It is amazing how warm these ice howses can be!Late in the evening, you can go to the snow palace, where Bonhomme the snowman is king, and join the crowd. You can dance
33、 outside to the music of a band, who are all dressed in heavy clothes even some their instruments are dressed up for winter.Finally, you will probably want to sit down in a cafe wo warm up an to plan tomorrow. You might join the snowmobile races or maybe you should just sleep in!Unit 2COME AND EAT H
34、ERE (1)Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated. It had been a very strange morning. Usually he got up early and prepared his menu of barbecued mutton kebabs, roast pork, stir-fried vegetables and fried rice. Then by lunchtime they would all be sold. By now his restaurant ought
35、to be full of people. But not today! Why was that? What could have happened? He thought of his mutton, beef and bacon cooked in the hottest, finest oil. His cola was sugary and cold, and his ice cream was made of milk, cream and delicious fruit. “Nothing could be better,” he thought. Suddenly he saw
36、 his friend Li Chang hurrying by. “Hello, Lao Li,” he called, “Your usual?” But Li Chang seemed not to hear. What was the matter? Something目 录第1章 项目摘要31.1 项目名称：北京浩邦猪人工授精服务有限责任公司扩建项目31.2 建设单位：北京浩邦猪人工授精服务有限责任公司31.2 建设地点：北京市顺义区李桥镇北河村31.3 建设年限：2007-2008年31.4 建设规模与产品方案31.5 投资估算31.6 效益分析3第2章 项目建设的必要性和可行性5
37、2.1 立项背景52.2 项目建设的必要性62.3 项目建设的可行性7第3章 市场供求分析及预测10第4章 项目承担单位的基本情况114.1 项目主持单位114.2 2002-2006年精液推广情况124.3 精液稀释粉开发研究进展15第5章 项目地点选择分析235.1 项目建设选址235.2 建设地点概况23第6章 生产工艺技术方案分析246.1 技术来源及水平246.2工艺流程与技术工艺参数246.3 种公猪免疫程序246.4技术工艺和主要设备选型方案比较25第7章 项目建设目标277.1 建设目标277.2工程技术27第8章 项目建设内容288.1建设内容与规模288.2 改扩建投资土建
38、工程及配套设备28第9章 投资估算和资金筹措3191投资估算3192资金筹措31第10章 建设期限和实施的进度安排32第11章 环境保护3311.1 环保要求3311.2 环保工程措施3311.3 安全卫生34第12章 项目组织管理与运行3512.1 建设期组织管理机构与职能3512.2 建成后组织管理机构与职能3512.3 运行管理模式与运行机制3612.4 人员配置36第13章 效益分析与风险评价3813.1经济与社会效益测算与分析3813.2 风险评价40第14章 项目招投标4114.1 招标依据4114.2 招标范围4114.3 招标方式4114.4 招标程序4214.5 招标组织42
39、14.6 招标工作的申报43第15章 有关附件44附表1. 北京浩邦猪人工授精服务有限责任公司扩建项目总投资估算表附表2. 北京浩邦猪人工授精服务有限责任公司扩建项目年总成本和单位成本估算表附表3. 北京浩邦猪人工授精服务有限责任公司扩建项目总销售收入及税金估算表附表4. 北京浩邦猪人工授精服务有限责任公司扩建项目总成本费用估算表附表5. 北京浩邦猪人工授精服务有限责任公司扩建项目现金流量表（全部投资）附表6. 北京浩邦猪人工授精服务有限责任公司扩建项目损益表附件1. 单位法人资格证明附件2.效果图附件3.精液处理流程图附件4.实验室外景图附件5.整体布局图附件6.平面设计图附件7.实验室布局
40、图附件8.精液生产线流程图附件9.消毒流程图附件10.种畜经营许可证附件11. 土地租赁合同附件12.2006年度企业年检报告（须加盖工商印章）附件13.企业基本帐户开户行出具的近期存款证明及资信等级证明第1章 项目摘要1.1 项目名称：北京浩邦猪人工授精服务有限责任公司扩建项目1.2 建设单位：北京浩邦猪人工授精服务有限责任公司1.2 建设地点：北京市顺义区李桥镇北河村1.3 建设年限：2007-2008年1.4 建设规模与产品方案该项目拟在原150头公猪站基础上，新增150头，达到原规划建设种公猪300头的社会化服务猪人工授精中心一座，占地22亩。目前总建筑面积3000平米，其中：猪舍建筑
41、面积2000平米，实验室350平米，其他库房、宿舍等650平米，计划新增精液质量监督检验实验室300平米，公猪隔离舍500平米。项目建成后，每年生产猪精液45万份，可供12万头母猪配种使用。每个制剂80毫升稀释精液，每个制剂含30亿精子，稀释后的精液1617度恒温下保持57天，活率不低于70%。1.5 投资估算项目总投资870万元；已投资350万元，新增建设投资520万元，其中拟申请农业部支持200万元，市配套180万元，自筹140万元。1.6 效益分析本项目收入主要为种猪精液，预计该中心每年提供优质种猪精液45万份，每份精液平均销售价格为16元，单位成本10.18元。该项目达产年销售收入可达
42、720万元。 根据测算，本项目在测算经营期内达年实现销售利润262.05万元，提取10%企业公积金26.21万元，可分配利润235.85万元。投资利润率：30.12%内部收益率：24%投资回收期：静态5.28年，动态7.04年净现值：595.6万元第2章 项目建设的必要性和可行性2.1 立项背景改革开放以来，我国的农牧业有了很大的发展，尤其是近几年来，随着人们消费水平的提高，人们对肉类的数量和质量有了较高的要求。为了适应市场的这种需求，猪场在扩大规模的同时，也开始注重猪种的改良工作。近十多年来，北京市同全国一样，通过由国外引进良种猪，逐步形成了由原种到商品猪的良种繁育体系，使猪群质量有了明显提
43、高。但因缺乏可支撑体系持续发展的选育技术内涵，体系运行呈现“引进扩繁退化再引进”这样一种依赖型循环状态。虽然部分种猪场也开展了不同形式的选育工作（如“小群闭锁”，“闭锁+开放”等），但最终遗传进展都不理想。要保持好的生产性能，始终没能摆脱引进的局面。这也是新引进的种猪销售火爆的主要原因之一。如何摆脱完全依赖进口，建立有中国特色、可持续发展的种猪产业成为养猪业的关键问题。为解决这一问题，北京市在全国种猪遗传评估方案指导下，开始组织全市种猪场开展性能测定，采用动物模型BLUP方法评定个体遗传性能，以此指导个体选择，开展联合选育。几年来，参加遗传评估的猪场的猪群虽然取得了比小群闭锁较好的遗传进展，但
44、由于缺乏有据可查的场间遗传联系，用于评估的亲属信息有限，BLUP方法的优势没能得到充分发挥。目前，建立猪群间遗传联系的最佳方法是建立专业化人工授精站，在较大区域内推广优秀公猪精液。因此，实施人工授精也是采用动物模型BLUP方法建立遗传评估体系的重要环节。此外，猪人工授精以其能加大选择强度、缩短遗传间隔、加快遗传进展，扩大优秀种公猪的利用率，节约饲养成本和减少猪群疾病等优势，越来越受到有关养猪场的重视。基于上述情况，认为有必要建立能在较大区域内提供服务的专业化人工授精中心，来推广猪的人工授精技术，并达到加速猪种改良，提高养猪效益，推动联合育种的目的。2.2 项目建设的必要性2.2.1 加速猪种改
45、良良种是养猪业的龙头，其对养猪业发展的贡献率高达40%，养猪生产水平及所获收益与种猪质量密切相关。目前国内在提高猪肉生产效率和质量方面普遍采用“洋三元”杂交的模式。而引进种猪的选育提高方面进展缓慢，因此，为稳定种猪质量，需要不断从国外引进，而引进种猪需要大量外汇，并有疫病风险存在。因此，加速猪种改良，提高种猪质量，是养猪生产者共同的期望。采用人工授精方法，可以大幅度提高良种猪优秀个体的应用面，可以用很短的时间在大范围内实现资源共享，并在更高程度上避免疫病风险。优良遗传资源迅速扩散，势必导致一个地区乃至全国猪质量的提高。据估测，遗传改良速度比本交至少提高10倍。2.2.2 提高养猪效益随着养猪业
46、的快速发展，养猪规模不断扩大，同行业之间的竞争越来越激烈，激烈的竞争促使养猪生产者不断引进新技术以降低成本，提高效益。人工授精技术的应用正好满足了养猪户的这一要求。采用人工授精技术，一头公猪一年可以配400头母猪，而自然交配一头公猪一年只能配20头母猪，这就大大地降低了猪场的饲养成本；由于人工授精站的公猪都是经过测定后被证明为性能最优秀的种公猪，使用这些种猪的精液可以加速养猪户品种改良的进程，提高猪群的生产水平，增加猪场的效益。这种成本的降低和生产力水平的提高在规模化猪场表现得更为突出。另外精液的使用，避免了养猪户因引进种猪而造成的疾病的威胁。2.2.3 推动联合育种从引进品种群体看，常用的大
47、白、长白、杜洛克、皮特兰等品种已形成足够选育的规模。许多猪场已在选育提高方面做了大量工作。但因国内种猪场群体普遍小，在场内进行闭锁选育，遗传进展缓慢。从1997年开始，全国畜牧兽医总站开始在全国重点种猪场应用动物模型BLUP，并倡导联合育种。这项工作虽然取得了一定成效，但因缺乏有据可查的场间遗传联系，使用动物模型BLUP估计育种值的效果大打折扣。因而在大范围开展人工授精正是建立场间遗传联系的最佳方案。北京市及全国各品种育种协会组在开展联合育种的过程中，已深刻认识到建立场间遗传联系的紧迫性。为此，北京市建立了小规模的猪人工授精服务中心，为北京及全国大白猪、杜洛克协作组成员提供精液交换平台，促进场
48、间遗传联系的建立。通过这一途径推动联合育种，加快遗传进展，与国际养猪育种接轨。2.3 项目建设的可行性2.3.1 技术成熟猪的人工授精技术是一项成熟的生物技术，对猪的育种和商品生产都是极其重要的技术手段，在养猪发达国家均得到广泛应用，是可行且有效的。以美国为例，建立大型的种猪精液中心，仅美国依阿华州种猪精液中心，每年出口种猪精液估计在4000万份以上，出口到120个国家和地区，平均以每份精液30美元计，则收入在120000万美元以上，特点优秀的种公猪精液最高售价据说可达2000美元一头份。表2-1 主要国家生产实施人工授精情况国家实施率国家实施率挪威85%比利时80%西班牙80%瑞典50%荷兰70%法国50%丹麦70%捷克72%美国70%日本70%2.3.2 市场广阔：计划建立的北京市猪人工授精中心公猪站规模为300头，年生产供应优质精液45万份。就目前看，仅北京市种猪就有22万多头，年需精液88万份以上，此生产规模仅能满足50%。日前相继