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1、more familiar with them. Each week on TV, the Monkees would play and sing songs written by other musicians. However, after a year or so in which they became more serious about their work, the Monkees started to play and sing their own songs like a real band. Then they produced their own records and
2、started touring and playing their own music. In the USA they became even more popular than the Beatles and sold even more records. The band broke up about 1970, but happily they reunited in the mid-1980s. They produced a new record in 1996, with which they celebrated their former time as a real band
3、.Freddy the frog（）Not long after Freddy and the band became famous, they visited Britain on a brief tour. Fans showed their devotion by waiting for hours to get tickets for their concerts . Freddy was now quite confident when he went into a concert hall. He enjoyed singing and all the congratulation
4、s afterwards! His most exciting invitation was to perform on a TV programme called “ Top of pops “. He had to go to London, wear an expensive suit and give a performance to a TV camera. It felt very strange. But as soon as the programme was over, the telephones which were in the same room started ri
5、nging. Everybody was asking when they could see Freddy and his band again. They were truly stars.Then things went wrong. Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without being followed. Even when they wore sunglasses or beards people recognized them. Fans found them even when they went into toi
6、let. They tried to hide in the reading rooms of libraries, but it was useless. Someone was always there! Their personal life was regularly discussed by people who did not know them but talked as if they close friends. At last feeling very upset and sensitive, Freddy and his band realized that they m
7、ust leave the country before it became too painful for them. So they left Britain, to which they were never to return, and went back to the lake.必修三Unit 1Festivals and celebrationsFestivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would cele
8、brate the end of cold weather,planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. Todays festivals have many origins, some religious,
9、 some seasonal, and some for special people or events. Festivals of the Dead Some festivals are held to honour the dead or satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ances
10、tors. They also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early Novemver. On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them. They offer food, flowe
11、rs and gifts to the dead. The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. It is now a childrens festival, when they can dress up an go to their neighbours homes to ask for sweets. If the neighbours do not give any sweers, the children
12、might play a trick on them.Fetivals to Honour PeopleFestivals can also be held to honour famous people. The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan. In the USA, Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World. India has a national fest
13、ival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain Indias independece from Britain.Harvest FestivalsHarvest and Thanksgiving festival can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. In European countr
14、ies, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals. Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon
15、 and in China, enjoy mooncakes.Spring FestivalsThe most energetic and important festivals are te ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumpings ifsh and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper. There are drago
16、n dances and carnivals , and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together. Some Western countries have very exciting carnicals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clot
17、hing of all kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival for Chiristians around the world. It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life. Japans Cherry Blossom Festical happens a little later. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks
18、 as though it is covered with pink snow.People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget ou work for a little while.A Sad Love StoryLi Fang was heart-broken. It was Valetines Day and Hu Jin had said she would meet
19、 him at the coffee shop after work. But she didnt turn up. She could be with her friends right now laughing at him. She said she would be there at seven o clock, and he thought she would keep her word. He had looked forward to meeting her all day, and now he was alon with his roses and chocolates, l
20、ike a fool. Well, he ws not going to hold his breath for her to apologize. He would drown his sadness in coffee.It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave he wiped the tables, then sat down and turned on the TV just what Li Fang needed! A sad Chinese story ab
21、out lost love.The randdaughter of the Goddess of Heaven visited the earth. Her name was Zhinu, the weaving firl. While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love. ( “ Just like me and Hu Jin,” thought Li Fang.) They got married secretly, and they were very happy. (“We could
22、be like that, “ thought Li Fang.) When the Goddess of Heaven knew that her granddaughter was married to a human, she became very angry and made the weaving girl return to Heaven. Niulang tried to follow her, but the river of stars, the Milky Way, stopped him. Finding that Zhinu was heart-broken, her
23、 grandmother finally decided to let the couple cross the Milky Way to meet once a year. Magipies make a bridge of their wings so the couple can cross the river to meet on the seventh day of the senveth lunar month. People in Chian hope that the weather will be fine on that day, because if it is rain
24、ing, it means that zhinu is weeping and the couple wont be able to meet.The announcer said, “ This is the story of Qiqiao Festival. When foreigners hear about the story they call it a Chinese Valentines story. Its a fine day today, so I hope you can all meet the one you love.”As Li Fang set off for
25、home, he thought , “ I guess Hu Jin doesnt love me. I just throw these flowers and chocolates away. I dont want them to remind me of her.” So he did.As he sadly passed the tea shop on the corner on his wasy home, he heard a voice calling him. There was Hujin waving at him and calling, “Why are you s
26、o late? Ive been waiting for you for a long time! An I have a gift for you!”What would he do? He had thrown away her Valentine figes! She would never forgive him. This would not be a happy Balentines Day!Winter Carnival in QuebecA group of very cold tourists are sitting in a cafe in old Quevec, drin
27、king hor coffee to try to warm up. The temperature is 32 degrees below freezing. The windows are cobered with steam from the heat inside. Outside, snow covers the streets and is piled up along the sidewalks. The music and lights of the Carnival continue, but after a whole day of watching parades, ri
28、ding in horse carriages and listening to the music, their feet are freezing and their noses are red.Every year, hundreds of thousands of people come to Quebec to take part in the weel-long winter festival, the biggest in the world. Everyone who comes must be prepared to keep moving. As it is too col
29、d to stand and watch for long.Early in the morning, you can watch the snowboarding competitions on the hill overlooking the river. Competitors speed down the track and through the air as though they could fly.The more brave of heart may try the canoe races. Five or six men paddle each canoe across t
30、he partly-frozen St Lawrence River. The river is full of big pieces of ice, and if you were to fall in, you would freeze in less than two minutes.On of the favourite events is the dog-sled race, in which teams of about six husky dogs pll long sleds at great speeds along a snowy track. One person run
31、s behind the sled, shouting to the dogs to encoutage them. The sound of the dogs barking, the calls of the drivers and the shouts of crowd make an exciting Nothern experience. The dogs are beautiful strong animals, with long, thick fur and many with blue eyes.While admiring the ice sculptures eceryw
32、here in the city, much like those in Harbin in China, you can stop with other tourists in an igloo for hot tea or coffee. It is amazing how warm these ice howses can be!Late in the evening, you can go to the snow palace, where Bonhomme the snowman is king, and join the crowd. You can dance outside t
33、o the music of a band, who are all dressed in heavy clothes even some their instruments are dressed up for winter.Finally, you will probably want to sit down in a cafe wo warm up an to plan tomorrow. You might join the snowmobile races or maybe you should just sleep in!Unit 2COME AND EAT HERE (1)Wan
34、g Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated. It had been a very strange morning. Usually he got up early and prepared his menu of barbecued mutton kebabs, roast pork, stir-fried vegetables and fried rice. Then by lunchtime they would all be sold. By now his restaurant ought to be full
35、 of people. But not today! Why was that? What could have happened? He thought of his mutton, beef and bacon cooked in the hottest, finest oil. His cola was sugary and cold, and his ice cream was made of milk, cream and delicious fruit. “Nothing could be better,” he thought. Suddenly he saw his frien
36、d Li Chang hurrying by. “Hello, Lao Li,” he called, “Your usual?” But Li Chang seemed not to hear. What was the matter? Something农富康发酵床养猪可行性报告2009.5.18河南农富康生物科技有限公司生态养猪的背景随着养猪规模化、集约化程度的不断提高，我国养猪业当前面临着三大难题：一是“质量安全”；二是“效益提高”；三是“环境治理”。由这三大问题直接表现出来的药物残留、能源缺乏、饲料短缺、疫病频繁、环境污染等已成为限制我国养猪业发展的瓶颈因素。新时期社会主义新农村建设
37、要求把畜牧业建设成为环境良好、以人为本、自然社会资源合理利用、产业和谐发展的可持续新型畜牧产业。所以，我们必须从产业与社会等各方面综合考虑适度规模养猪的发展模式和管理方法。为探求解决当前养猪业主要面临的“三大难题”，国内外的科研人员一直致力于此项技术的深入研究。江西农富康生物科技有限公司联合山东省畜牧局专家，农科院畜牧专家，结合国内外多年养猪经验，利用微生物发酵技术完善和改进了猪舍建造和饲养管理模式，形成了系统的生态养猪技术。它是集养猪学、营养学、环境卫生学、生物学、土壤肥料学于一体，以养猪业为主体进行开发、利用发酵微生物对猪排泄物的科学处理，实行农牧结合，做到科学利用、互相促进，低投入，高产
38、出，无污染的良性循环的养猪系统工程。生态养猪技术经过近几年的使用推广，在取得了零污染零排放的显著成果之上，不仅增加了养猪户的效益收入，而且得到了国家政府的大力支持。国家副总理回良玉，委员宋平，农业部畜牧司副司长谢根生分别做出了大力推广生态自然养猪技术的指示。第一节 生态养猪的概念与模式一. 生态养猪的概念生态养猪就是尊重猪只生存的基本权利，恢复猪只的自然拱食习性，以生产健康食品为己任，在不破坏自然环境的前提下，顺应自然规律最大限度地开发和利用当地的自然资源来从事高效的养猪生产。二、生态养猪的基本模式当前生态养猪的现有基本饲养模式是在舍内设置 80100厘米的地下或地上式垫料坑，填充锯末稻壳等农
39、产品垫料，利用微生物农富康菌液对垫料进行发酵，形成有益菌繁殖的小环境，抑制有害菌；猪粪尿直接排放在垫料上，实现粪污零排放；粪尿加速了发酵，产生热量，提高了圈舍环境温度，保证猪只的正常越冬；恢复了猪只的拱食习性，提高了猪只免疫能力。垫料较长时间（一般23年，根据需要）清理一次，成为高档有机肥料；整个饲养过程对外达到零排放、无臭味、无污染。第二节 生态养猪技术的优点从多年试验效果看，生态养猪法主要有以下优点：一、解决了生猪生产粪便处理难的问题，粪便可通过垫料中的微生物进行发酵降解转化成菌体蛋白为猪只提供营养，舍内无臭味，少蚊蝇，环境清新，解决了新农村建设环境污染问题；二、生猪疾病减少，提高猪肉品质
40、；三、劳动生产效率大幅度提高：猪舍无需用水冲洗，不用天天清粪，自动饮水，省工节本，可节约劳动力50%以上，节水85%-90%；四、提高了猪只的生长速度，克服了冬季生长慢的问题；五、增加养猪经济效益。生态养猪首次投入成本比传统养猪要多一些，但是从长计议来看的话，估算认为实行生态养猪法，每头育肥生猪可节约药物、饲料、水电等费用50元-120元；六、为解决秸秆堆积、焚烧问题提供了一条出路，每10平方米的垫料床就可以消纳1亩地的玉米秸秆。第三节 生态养猪的基本原理经过专家通过多批次试验认为现有生态养猪的基本饲养模式的饲养管理主要有如下技术关键点：一利用空气对流和太阳高度角原理，因地制宜的建设猪舍充分利
41、用不同季节空气的流向建设猪舍，辅助设置卷帘机、排风扇等可调节通风的设施，用以控制猪舍空气的流向和流速。猪舍屋顶及窗充分考虑了太阳的日照规律使其适合养猪生产的需要。二利用生物发酵原理处理粪尿，解决环境污染问题发酵床成为发酵微生物高效的繁殖场，是生态养猪技术的核心。所使用的发酵微生物有益菌的大量繁殖，由于其生长繁殖，迅速降解、消化了猪只排泄物，从而达到了处理猪场粪污的效果。三利用温室和凉亭子效应，改善猪只体感温度冬季将保温卷帘放下，整个猪舍成为一个保暖温室，同时发酵床也产生相当热量，使猪只腹感温度有很好的改善。同样，在夏季，由于几乎全敞开窗户，形成了扫地风、穿堂风等类似凉亭子的效果，结合垫料的合理
42、管理，猪只感觉非常凉爽。四利用有益菌占位原理，增强猪只抗病力，提高饲养效率和猪肉品质病原菌致病的基础是病原菌达到相当的浓度才可致病，而生态养猪圈舍内的有益菌大量繁殖，在垫料床上、空气中甚至猪舍的各个角落都弥漫着有益菌，使有益菌成为优势菌群，成为阻挡病原菌的天然屏障。即使有极少量病原菌的刺激，猪只也可产生特异性免疫反应，从而对猪形成坚强的保护。上述四大关键技术，并不是单一作用，而是同时综合作用于生态养猪生产的全过程，互为补充，相互配合的。与传统养猪的效益对比分析:一、测算依据：猪舍建设300元/，垫料50-60元/平方米（根据不同地区材料价格有所不同），饲养密度，育肥猪1.2-1.5头/平方米。
43、二、降低成本效益（按存栏1000头为例）：1、初期投资传统猪舍发酵舍投资项目金额投资项目金额猪舍与发酵舍相当猪舍与传统舍相当污水管线和污水处理设施建设总投资约15万元，按6年折旧计每年2.5万元3栏/年=0.833万元垫料（稻壳、麦麸、锯末、菌种）总投资约9万元，可使用3年，每年3万元3栏=1万元2、育肥期养殖成本分析（100天）全价料单价1.2元/斤计算：传统猪舍发酵舍投资项目金额（万元）投资项目金额（万元）饲料费用60饲料费用48医药费2医药费0.5人工费1.6人工费0.80电费0.4电费0.1水费0.4水费0.08污水处理设施运转费0.4污水处理设施运转费0合计64.8合计49.48传统
44、养猪每千头投入总成本为：0.833万元+64.8万元=65.633万元，发酵舍养猪每千头投入总成本为：1万元+49.48万元=50.48万元，发酵舍养猪每千头比传统养猪每千头减少成本为：65.633万元-50.48万元=15.153万元。三、传统养猪猪粪与发酵舍垫料收益对比：1、传统养猪猪粪收益：以每头猪每年30元计算：30元x1000头=3万元。发酵舍垫料收益：以0.5吨/平方米重量计算（注：有专业服务公司与养殖企业签订合同以150元/吨的价格收购发酵后的垫料，有加工能力的养猪企业也可以自行加工处理）。0.5吨x1500=750吨x150元=11.25万元3年=3.75万元。2、发酵舍每千头
45、猪比传统养猪增加收益对比：发酵舍垫料收益3.75万元- 传统养猪猪粪收益3万元=0.75万元四、使用发酵舍养猪技术可大大降低死亡率，这样也可以增加养殖户的经济效益。同时，也减少了病史猪流向社会对人们身心健康的损害。五、与传统养猪方法相比，每千头猪的总增效益为：降低养殖成本收益+垫料收益=15.153万元+0.75万元=15.903万元。六、养猪企业自行加工垫料做成有机肥收益：以市场价格600元/吨计算：0.5吨x1500=750吨x600元=45万元3年=15万元。七、与传统养猪方法相比，每千头猪的总增效益为：降低养殖成本收益+垫料收益=15.903万元+15万元=30.903万元。第四节 猪
46、舍建筑猪舍建筑是一门科学，需要不断的总结完善。对于生态养猪的猪舍建筑，需要结合传统猪舍设计的优秀成果，但同时不要被传统思维模式限制我们的设计思路，需要用创造性的思维去指导和不断创新猪舍设计。一、猪舍设计的基本理念 科学的生态养猪猪舍是尽最大限度的利用自然资源，如阳光、空气、气流、风向等免费自然元素，尽可能少地使用如水、电、煤等现代能源或物质；尽可能大地利用生物性、物理性转化，尽可能少地使用化学性转化。二、猪舍设计的指导思想 一是有利于发挥作用、节约劳力、提高效率。二是有利于节省占地面积，控制猪只适度密度。三是有利于各类猪只生长发育，尽量改善舍内的气候环境。四是适宜的控制建筑成本。三、猪舍设计的
47、基本原则 生态养猪猪舍设计，也需要事先考虑如下原则，这些原则都需要生产体制和栏圈来予以保证:一是“零”混群原则 。不允许不同来源的猪只混群，这就需要考虑隔离舍的准备。二是最佳存栏原则。始终保持栏圈的利用，这就需要均衡生产体系的确定。三是按同龄猪分群原则：不同阶段的猪只不能在一起，这是全出全进的体系基础四、舍内外环境对猪舍设计的要求猪舍的环境，主要指温度、湿度、气体、光照以及其他一些影响环境的卫生条件等，是影响猪只生长发育的重要因素。猪的集体与环境之间，随时都在进行着物质与能量的交换，在正常环境下，猪体能与环境保持平衡，形成良性循环，可以促使猪只发挥其生长潜力。因此，为保证猪群正常的生活与生产，
48、必须人为地创造一个适合猪生理需要的气候条件。场址选择：生态养猪建筑设计同传统集约化猪场场址无多大差异，比传统猪舍更趋灵活，主要应综合考虑分析地理位置、地势与地形、土质水、电以及占地面积等问题。总体布局的原则：1、利于生产：猪场的总体布局首先满足生产工艺流程的要求，按照生产过程的顺序性和连续性来规划和布置建筑物，有利于生产，便于科学管理，从而提高劳动生产率。2、利于防疫：规模猪场猪群规模大，饲养密度高。要保证正常的生产，必须将卫生防疫工作提高到首要位置。一方面在整体布局上应着重考虑猪场的性质、猪只本身的抵抗能力、地形条件、主导风向等几个方面，合理分布圈舍，满足其防疫距离的要求；另一方面当然还要采取一些行之有效的防疫措施。生态养猪法应尽量多地利用生物性、物理性措施来改善防疫环境。3、利于运输：猪场日常的饲料、猪及生产和生活用品的运输任务非常繁忙，在建筑物和道路布局上应考虑生产流程的内部联系和对外联系的连续性，尽量使运输路线方便、简洁、不重复、不迂回。4、利于生活管理：猪场在总体布局上应使生产区和生活区做到既分隔又联系，位置要适中，环境要相对安静。要为职工创造一个舒适的工作环境，同时又便于生活、管理。五、猪舍的构造