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1、intends to take short rests every two hours. She will have something to drink but she will not eat any solid food. Most of Ernas school friends will be waiting for her on the English coast. Among them will be Ernas mother, who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl.Lesson37 The Olympic Games 奥
2、林匹克运动会The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years time. As a great many people will be visiting the country, the government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a fine new swimming pool. They will also be building new roads and a special railway-line. The Games will b
3、e held just outside the capital and the whole area will be called Olympic City. Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year. By the end of next year, they will have finished work on the new stadium. The fine modern buildings have been designed by Kurt Gunter. Everybody will be
4、watching anxiously as the new buildings go up. We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before in this country.Lesson38 Everything except the weather 惟独没有考虑到天气My old friend, Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for many years before h
5、e returned to England. He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country. He had no sooner returned than he bought a fine house and went to live there. Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained co
6、ntinually and it was often bitterly cold. After so many years of sunshine, Harrison got a shock. He acted as if he had never lived in England before. In the end, it was more than he could bear. He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country. The dream he had had fo
7、r so many years ended there. Harrison had thought of everything except the weather.Lesson39 Am I all right? 我是否痊愈？While John Gilbert was in hospital, he asked his doctor to tell him whether his operation had been successful, but the doctor refused to do so. The following day, the patient asked for a
8、 bedside telephone. When he was alone, he telephoned the hospital exchange and asked for Doctor Millington. When the doctor answered the phone, Mr Gilbert said he was inquiring about a certain patient, a Mr John Gilbert. He asked if Mr Gilberts operation had been successful and the doctor told him t
9、hat it had been. He then asked when Mr Gilbert would be allowed to go home and the doctor told him that he would have to stay in hospital for another two weeks. Then Dr Millington asked the caller if he was a relative of the patient. No, the patient answered, I am Mr John Gilbert. Lesson40 Food and
10、talk 进餐与交谈Last week at a dinner-party, the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs Rumbold. Mrs Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress. She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her. Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. I tried to make
11、conversation. A new play is coming to The Globe soon, I said. Will you be seeing it ? No, she answered. Will you be spending your holidays abroad this year ? I asked. No, she answered. Will you be staying in England? I asked. No, she answered. In despair, I asked her whether she was enjoying her din
12、ner. Young man, she answered, if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner ! lesson41 Do you call that a hat? 你把那个叫帽子吗？Do you call that a hat ? I said to my wife. You neednt be so rude about it, my wife answered as she looked at herself in the mirror. I sat down on one of those mo
13、dern chairs with holes in it and waited. We had been in the hat shop for half an hour and my wife was still in front of the mirror. We mustnt buy things we dont need, I remarked suddenly. I regretted saying it almost at once.You neednt have said that, my wife answered. I need not remind you of that
14、terrible tie you bought yesterday. I find it beautiful, I said. A man can never have too into the cave hoping to find buried treasure. The leader of the party was examining the soil near the entrance to the cave when the machine showed that there was gold under the ground. Very excited, the party du
15、g a hole two feet deep. They finally found a small gold coin which was almost worthless. The party then searched the whole cave thoroughly but did not find anything except an empty tin trunk. In spite of this, many people are confident that The Revealer may reveal something of value fairly soon.Less
16、on56 Faster than sound! 比声音还快！Once a year a race is held for old cars. A lot of cars entered for this race last year and there was a great deal of excitement just before it began. One of the most handsome cars was a Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost. The most unusual car was a Benz which had only three wheel
17、s. Built in 1885, it was the oldest car taking part. After a great many loud explosions, the race began. Many of the cars broke down on the course and some drivers spent more time under their cars than in them ! A few cars, however, completed the race. The winning car reached a speed of forty miles
18、an hour-much faster than any of its rivals. It sped downhill at the end of the race and its driver had a lot of trouble trying to stop it. The race gave everyone a great deal of pleasure. It was very different from modern car races but no less exciting. Lesson57 Can I help you, madam? 你要买什么，夫人？A wom
19、an in blue jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop. Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window. The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed. Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. The w
20、oman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day. She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other. After seeking out the rude assistant she asked for the same dress. Not realizing who sh
21、e was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time with great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. As soon as she saw it, the woman said s many ties.And a woman cant have too many hats, she answered.Ten minutes later we walked out of the shop together. My wife was wearing
22、 a hat that looked like a lighthouse !Lesson42 Not very musical 并非很懂音乐As we had had a long walk through one of the markets of Old Delhi, we stopped at a square to have a rest. After a time, we noticed a snake-charmer with two large baskets at the other side of the square, so we went to have a look a
23、t him. As soon as he saw us, he picked up a long pipe which was covered with coins and opened one of the baskets. When he began to play a tune, we had our first glimpse of the snake. It rose out of the basket and began to follow the movements of the pipe. We were very much surprised when the snake c
24、harmer suddenly began to play jazz tunes and modern pop songs. The snake, however, continued to dance slowly. It obviously could not tell the difference between Indian music and jazz!Lesson43 Over the South Pole 飞越南极In 1929, three years after his flight over the North Pole, the American explorer, R.
25、 E. Byrd, successfully flew over the South Pole for the first time. Though, at first, Byrd and his men were able to take a great many photographs of the mountains that lay below, they soon ran into serious trouble. At one point, it seemed certain that their plane would crash. It could only get over
26、the mountains if it rose to 10,000 feet. Byrd at once ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks. The plane was then able to rise and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet. Byrd now knew that he would be able to reach the South Pole which was 300 miles away, for there were no more mountains in
27、 sight. The aircraft was able to fly over the endless white plains without difficulty. Lesson44 Through the forest 穿过森林Mrs Anne Sterling did not think of the risk she was taking when she ran through a forest after two men. They had rushed up to her while she was having a picnic at the edge of a fore
28、st with her children and tried to steal her handbag. In the struggle, the strap broke and, with the bag in their possession, both men started running through the trees. Mrs Sterling got so angry that she ran after them. She was soon out of breath, but she continued to run. When she caught up with th
29、em, she saw that they had sat down and were going through the contents of the bag, so she ran straight at them. The men got such a fright that they dropped the bag and ran away. The strap needs mending, said Mrs Sterling later, but they did not steal anything.Lesson45 A clear conscience 问心无愧The whol
30、e village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost. Sam Benton, the local butcher, had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post-office. Sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the villagers, but it was not returned to him. Three months passed, and then one
31、morning, Sam found his wallet outside his front door. It had been wrapped up蔬菜集约化育苗技术研究与示范项目工作总结（2009-2011年）一、项目来源本项目由金塔县农牧局下达，金塔县农业技术推广中心承担完成，项目实施年限3年，即2009-2011年。二、项目研究的目的及意义近年来，随着日光温室和塑料大棚蔬菜产业的快速发展，设施蔬菜产业已经成为当今农村经济发展，农产品质量效益提升，农民收入稳步增加的重要支柱和新型优势特色产业。尤其是近几年新一轮的日光温室和塑料大棚建设高潮的掀起，使我县温室和弓棚面积迅速扩大，种植技术水
32、平不断提高，亩收入达1-2万元以上，有效地促进了种植业结构调整和农民持续稳步增收。但随着产业规模不断扩大，市场对产品质量要求的不断提高，新技术、新品种的不断涌现，我县在设施蔬菜产业发展上还存在品种单一、栽培模式不规范、技术体系不完善、生产加工销售环节脱节、蔬菜集约化经营的生产链条松懈、产品质量档次不高等问题。尤其是因育苗技术落后，品种选择不对路，茬口安排不合理，造成部分农户因不会育苗使所种的日光温室和塑料大棚不能按时种植，产品质量差、效益低，在一定程度上影响了这一新型特色产业的持续健康发展。面对这种形式，开展蔬菜集约化育苗技术研究，筛选优良品种，供应优质种苗，探索总结各类作物高产优质栽培模式，
33、形成统一品种，统一育苗，统一种植、统一管理的标准化生产模式，不仅是当前设施蔬菜产业发展的需要，更是改造提升传统蔬菜产业，发展现代农业和实现设施蔬菜产业向高产、优质、无公害标准化生产发展的迫切需要。三、工作思路与任务目标按照市上“一特四化”和县上“五五增九”的奋斗目标，为加快我县设施农业的发展步伐，提升设施产业发展水平，确保我县设施农业可持续发展。本项目立足当地资源优势，为设施蔬菜种植提供优质健壮种苗为突破口，改变传统育苗方式，采用集约化穴盘基质育苗方式，建成年育苗1500万株的集约化育苗基地一个，完善配套育苗设施，总结集约化穴盘基质育苗的先进技术，筛选优良品种，培育优质种苗，推广集约化育苗技术
34、，实现全县新建温室当年建造、当年种植、当年见效，带动全县设施农业又好又快发展。四、项目完成情况和取得的主要成效项目实施以来，在省、市、县各有关部门的大力支持帮助下，经各位专家的精心指导、广大技术人员的共同努力和项目区温室种植户的密切配合，通过因地制宜的集成、配套、创新集约化穴盘育苗技术体系，科学进行集约化育苗及试验示范，完成了各项任务指标。1、建成了集约化育苗基地：项目实施三年来，先后投资180多万元，在县农技中心试验场新建和改建高标准育苗温室9座、塑料拱棚16座，双层拱棚1座，两联跨温室1座，三联跨拱棚1座，建成占地13000多平方米，年育苗1500万的育苗基地一个。其中，两联跨温室、三联跨
35、拱棚、双层拱棚、PE双层保温膜的设计建造和应用是育苗基地的创新。2、配套了集约化育苗设施。投资60多万元，先后购置了半自动播种机两台，28万元的一套自动精量穴播机、10万个穴盘和遮阳、喷灌、苗床等设施，实现了育苗的“装盘压穴播种覆土浇水”自动化生产流水线。在高标准育苗温室和拱棚内安装了卷膜器、紧膜器、遮阳网移动装置，防虫网、固定旋转喷灌，半地上式苗床，实现了有手动向半自动的过度；在二联体温室内安装了降温湿帘及风扇、温湿度感应器、加温设施、遮阳设施、补光设施、移动喷灌设施，双层移动苗床，内外遮阳、保温系统，建成了播种车间、催芽室，基本达到了集约化育育苗智能化、自动化的要求。3、实验总结出了蔬菜集
36、约化育苗技术规程：通过三年大量的实践研究和生产实践，总结出了辣椒、番茄、嫁接茄子、嫁接西瓜、人参果扦插、芹菜等不同作物、不同品种、不同季节、不同茬口集约化穴盘基质育苗技术规程。4、筛选出了适宜我县保护地和大田栽培的蔬菜品种。为使蔬菜集约化育苗工作能顺利进行，从项目实施一开始，就从全国和省内引进辣椒、番茄、芹菜、茄子、西甜瓜、黄瓜、人参果等7大作物共计117个品种，进行了品种筛选试验。最终筛选出适宜我县设施栽培的辣椒、番茄、茄子、芹菜、西甜瓜、黄瓜、人参果的适宜品种。5、试验筛选适宜不同蔬菜作物集约化育苗的基质。针对不同蔬菜作物对养分的需求差异，我们采用从外地引进和自己配制等方式寻求最佳的基质配
37、方，筛选总结不同作物、不同品种的育苗基质配方。6、研究总结了育苗栽培高产高效新模式。在进行集约化育苗的同时，我们利用穴盘苗进行了大量育苗移栽、高产高效新模式的试验。一是利用穴盘西瓜苗，进行二茬西甜瓜种植试验；二是利用穴盘菜花苗进行了孜然后复种菜花的实验，三是利用西瓜穴盘苗进行了西瓜套种豇豆，辣椒的试验；四是进行了穴盘西瓜嫁接试验；五是利用穴盘基质育苗创新了茄子嫁接技术。通过试验研究与创新，总结出了采用错期播种育苗，来合理利用光热资源，实现套种、复种的新模型。这对创新传统栽培模式，提高复种指数，增加农民收入，都具有现实的意义。7、探索总结了蔬菜集约化育苗苗期病虫害综合防治技术。对苗期立枯病、猝倒
38、病、蚜虫、斑潜蝇、红蜘蛛等蔬菜幼苗发生的主要病虫害的综合防治技术进行大量试验研究，总结出了成功的经验，确保了集约化育苗工作顺利进行。8、试验总结出了种子处理及催芽技术。为使播种后幼苗出苗快，整齐，生长健壮，减少苗期病害，培育壮苗，我们对不同作物种子进行种子处理和催芽试验，总结了种子处理及催芽技术。9、研究总结了育苗期全程促控技术。根据优质健壮种苗的性状指标和集约化育苗生产实践，利用营养液、生长调节剂进行全程化促化控试验，总结了育苗期全程促控技术。10集约化育苗取得了良好生产示范效果，积极推动了设施蔬菜产业的发展：该项目2009年开始边建设、边试验、边产生，止2011年底累计育成各种蔬菜优质种苗
39、1830万株，示范面积4730亩。其中2009年完成130万株，为全县350多座日光温室提供优质种苗，确保新建温室当年建设，当年种植，当年见效，种植率达到100%；2010年在继续扩建完善育苗基地的同时，育成各类优质种苗350万株，应用面积达到1300亩。保证了全县589座新建温室和300亩塑料大棚的当年种植，种植率达到100%，其中130万株大田加工番茄和30万株制种茄子，完成了近600亩大田生产的种苗供应，实现了有温室、塑料大棚向大田、制种提供集约化育苗重大转变；2011年育成各类优质蔬菜种苗750万株，应用面积达到2850亩，满足了全县1450亩温室、塑料大棚的种苗供应和生地湾农场800
40、亩大田的辣椒种植需求，并带动西域阳光公司进行集约化加工番茄育苗600万株，应用面积达1500亩。三年来平均亩新增产量454.1kg，亩新增单产值1165.6元，新增总产量204.1万kg，新增总产值544.3万元，总新增纯收益466.31万元，新增利税78.01万元，取得了良好生产示范效果和经济效益，积极推动了设施蔬菜产业的发展。五、项目实施采取的主要措施1、加强领导，明确职责。为确保我县蔬菜集约化穴盘基质育苗技术研究与示范项目的顺利实施，成立了县农技中心主任李栋任项目组长，项目组其他成员参与的项目实施小组，主要承担项目总体方案和年度实施方案的制定，制定和落实各项技术措施，完成项目总结、技术总
41、结、试验报告。2、规范管理，加强目标责任制。项目下达后采取了由项目负责人统一管理，根据项目的总体目标和年度实施计划，实行双向目标责任管理。一是明确任务，责任到人，年度目标责任同考评、奖罚结合。二是有县农牧局与项目承担单位分别签订目标责任书，加大监督检查力度，组织协调农业科研、推广部门联系。3、坚持统一的实施方案，保证所育种苗健壮优质。采用统一引种试验，统一筛选研究，统一集约化育苗，统一肥水管理，统一病虫害防治的“五统一”要求，确保品种筛选试验，示范数据准确可靠。4、加强宣传，大力推广集约化育苗技术。结合育苗种植和各类新技术培训工作，大力宣传集约化育苗的优势及能取得经济效益、社会效益和生态效益。
42、为了加大宣传力度，县农技中心编印宣传资料10000份，直接发放到日光温室和塑料大棚种植户中，有利的促进了蔬菜集约化育苗的发展。5、开拓创新，探索集约化育苗运营新机制。为探索适应市场经济和企业化运营的集约化育苗机制，2011年我们注册成立了“金塔县禾丰种苗农民专业合作社”，由县农技中心负责技术指导合作社进行产生管理的新机制，通过合作社加强与村级专业合作社的联系，吸纳种植农户、运销商贩、加工企业广泛参与，培育队伍，建设基地，拓展市场，逐步形成“合作社+基地+企业+农民”的集技术服务和产前、产中、产后相连接的保育苗、保供应、保服务、联销售的服务体系。六、围绕项目实施发表的相关论文项目实施期间，课题组
43、人员对项目研究总结出的新成果在相关刊物上及时发表报道，提高了项目实施的社会影响力。发表相关论文4篇，其中日光温室芹菜穴盘基质育苗无公害栽培技术、辣椒穴盘基质育苗技术规程、西瓜穴盘育苗嫁接技术研究在甘肃农业科技与信息杂志上发表；日光温室嫁接茄子高产栽培技术在西北园艺杂志上发表。七、项目主持人及参加成员简况项目下达后，成立了有金塔县农技中心技术骨干组成的项目实施小组。项目小组成员共15人，高级职称4人，中级职称8人，初级职称3人，均为多年来一直从事蔬菜新品种、新技术引进、试验、示范、推广的技术人员。项目有金塔县农业技术推广中心高级农艺师李栋主持，主要负责项目的组织实施、制定项目方案，组织落实项目示
44、范基地建设、试验任务落实，保证项目顺利实施；助理农艺师李虎协助主持人实施项目，主抓技术研究；农艺师蔺正河协助主持人实施项目，主抓组织管理；其他成员承担具体试验、示范的落实，技术培训、资料汇总整理等工作。二一一年十一月蔬菜集约化育苗技术研究与示范项目技术总结（20092011年）一、立项背景加快设施蔬菜产业化、规模化、标准化发展是推进现代农业，提高农业种植效益，促进农民持续稳步增收的重大举措，是省、市、县确定的今后农业发展重点，也是农村经济新的增长点。为把设施蔬菜产业发展成为新的支柱产业，国家和省、市、县先后出台的若干优惠政策为日光温室建设提供了强有力的政策保证，掀起了新一轮的日光温室和塑料大棚
45、建设的新高潮，使全县温室和弓棚面积迅速扩大，种植技术水平不断提高。目前，全县已累计扶持建成日光温室5073亩，塑料大棚6950亩，蔬菜种植面积保持在10万亩以上，蔬菜产业已初具规模，成效显著，优势进一步显现，有效地促进了种植业结构调整和农民持续稳步增收。但随着设施蔬菜产业的快速发展，传统的“户户种菜、家家育苗”的传统育苗方式已不能适应现代蔬菜产业规模化、区域化、集约化、标准化、市场化发展的要求，开展集约化育苗已成为蔬菜产业发展的必然选择。为了把我县设施蔬菜产业做大做强，拉长产业链条，实现育苗集约化、品种优良化、种植标准化、销售批量化的发展目标。为此，我们从2009年开始承担完成了蔬菜集约化育苗
46、技术研究与示范项目，修建育苗设施、配备育苗设备、研究育苗技术，通过精心组织、科学研究、规范管理，成功培育出茄子、番茄、辣椒、西甜瓜等各类蔬菜优质种苗，确保了日光温室当年建设、当年生产、当年见效，整体上实现了优质种苗供应、温室规模种植、产品提早上市、生产效益提升的良好效果，有力推动和促进了我县高效设施蔬菜产业的快速发展。二、项目任务指标（一）、建设适宜我县集约化育苗的温室、大棚等基础设施条件，并配套相应的育苗设备，建成集约化育苗基地，为全县蔬菜产业发展提供优质种苗。（二）、试验研究不同季节、不同品种、不同茬口的蔬菜集约化育苗技术规程。（三）、试验筛选适宜我县温室、大棚、大田栽培的各类瓜菜品种。（
47、四）、引进和探索蔬菜集约化育苗的新技术成果，示范推广集约化育苗先进技术。（五）、通过集约化育苗确保我县新建温室当年种植，当年就见效，以优良的品种和优质的种苗推动和促进全县设施蔬菜产业健康快速发展。三、项目采用的技术策略与技术路线（一）、采用的技术策略是：项目采取的技术策略是：专家领衔指导,实用技术集成,项目资源整合,展示观摩推广,主体积极参与,提升蔬菜育苗的专业化和设施生产的标准化水平，改变“户户种菜、家家育苗”的传统育苗方式，实现全县新建温室当年建造、当年种植、当年见效。做大做强集约化穴盘基质育苗产业，确保我县现代农业又好又快发展。(二）、采取的技术路线：按照统一引种试验，统一筛选研究，统一
48、集约化育苗，统一肥水管理，统一病虫害防治的“五统一”要求，以筛选优良品种为重点，以集成育苗技术组装配套，育苗基质消毒、种子浸种催芽、全程化促化控、病虫害综合防治等技术为支撑，采用行政、技术相结合的手段；壮苗与栽培管理一起抓，试验与示范相结合的方法，加快我县设施产业的发展，实现农业增效、农民增收。四、项目开展的主要技术研究内容与效果(一)、设计建造了育苗温室和育苗大棚，组装配套了集约化育苗自动化生产流水线。从2009年开始，我们积极筹措资金，争取项目支持，广泛参观学习和借鉴省内外集约化育苗基地建设的经验和做法，在县农技中心试验场先后投资180多万元，改建高标准育苗温室9座、新建塑料拱棚16座，创新设计建造双层拱棚1座，两联跨温室1座，三联跨拱棚1座。投资60万元，在二联体温室内安装了降温湿帘及风扇、温湿度感应器、喷灌设施，双层移动苗床，内外遮阳、保温系统，建成了播种车间、催芽室，购置了28万元的一套自动精量穴播机，实现了育苗的“装盘压穴播种覆土浇水”自动化生产流水线，基本达到了集约化育育苗智能化、自动化的要求。建成占地13000多平方米，年育苗规模1500万的育苗基地。（二）、瓜菜新品种引种筛选试验。为使蔬菜集约化育苗工作能顺利进行，2009年我们从全国和省内引进辣椒、番茄、芹菜、茄子、西甜瓜、黄瓜、人参果等7大作物共计20个品种，进行了穴盘基质育苗，将穴盘苗定植在农技