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1、猜测词义猜测词义 读懂文章读懂文章对考纲外生词的猜测对考纲外生词的猜测对考纲内熟词新义的猜测对考纲内熟词新义的猜测对句义的猜测对句义的猜测猜猜猜看！猜看！lady birdbig potato shanghai john Do you like a lady bird?In other words,it is not a kind of bird.It is an insect（昆虫）（昆虫）.It can fly.Its wings are red.You can see seven dots on its back.It is very small.瓢虫瓢虫Tom is a great m
2、an.So Tom is treated as a big potato.大人物大人物Tourists shanghaied into buying expensive fakes(假货）假货）.Some guides told them that fakes are good.They are worth buying.诱骗，欺骗诱骗，欺骗johnTom drank too much water last night,so he went to visit john twice.厕所厕所词义猜测题常用的提问方式有词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1.Theword“”refersto/probab
3、lymeansTheword“”couldbestbereplacedby_.2.Theword“”ismostlikelytomean_.3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“”standsfor?4.Theunderlinedword“”means_.语境法语境法Contextclues 构词法构词法Word formation猜测词意WordFormation构词法构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或的部分，表达单
4、词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。出由其构成的新词的含义了。常见的前缀和后缀有：常见的前缀和后缀有：super-(超超)mini-(极小的极小的,微小的微小的)micro-（极微小的）（极微小的）extra-（以外，超过以外，超过）mis-（误，恶）（误，恶）inter-(相互相互)un-（不，非）（不，非）in-（不，非）（不，非）non-（不，非）（
5、不，非）-able（能（能的的）-less（不，无）（不，无）-logy（论，研究论，研究）nonresistanceinteractionmicrowaveextrasolarcriminologymisunderstandingCan you guess the right meanings?(微波微波)(犯罪学犯罪学,刑事学刑事学 )(互动互动)(不抵抗不抵抗)(太阳系以外的太阳系以外的)(误解误解)1.he reached the place with his army,he 1.he reached the place with his army,he found an found
6、an impassableimpassable river in front of him.river in front of him.2.Its true that lighthouse were built in 2.Its true that lighthouse were built in out-of-the-way out-of-the-way place.place.3.When men and women lived by hunting 3.When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago,how could they
7、even 50,000 years ago,how could they even begin to begin to picturepicture modern life?modern life?Word-formation（合成形容词）（合成形容词）（词性变化）（词性变化）（复合法，转化法，派生法）（复合法，转化法，派生法）（词的派生）（词的派生）SaintValentinesDayisatimeofhappinessforloversBoysliketogivegirlsflowersaspresentsOnthatday，hecametoseemewithaforget-me-noti
8、nhishandforget-me-notmeans_.“Evenwhenamanissaidtobeabestfriend,”Rubinwrites,“thetwosharelittleabouttheirinnermostfeelings.”innermostmeans_.勿勿忘我忘我内心的内心的Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence.uncondit
9、ional:nonjudgmental:无条件的，绝对的无条件的，绝对的没有判断力的没有判断力的语境法猜测词义语境法猜测词义?Logical relations语语境境法法猜猜测测词词义义Ex1.A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.His uncle is a zoologist,an expert who does research on animals.The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yua
10、n a year.We are on the night shift-from midnight to 8 a.m.-this week.木匠木匠 动物学家动物学家 牧人牧人 夜班夜班语语境境法法猜猜测测词词义义 定义或释义关系常由定义或释义关系常由定语从句定语从句或或is,becalled，beknownas,bedefinedas等词汇或等词汇或破折号破折号来表示来表示；或由或由thatis(tosay),inotherwords，to put it another way引出引出 一些具体的一些具体的解释性的短语解释性的短语解释生词解释生词小小 结结Ex.2 The new tax la
11、w supersedes,or replaces,the law that was in effect last year.Mother was tall,fat and middle-aged.My aunt was an old woman,almost as plump as mother,and much shorter.替代替代丰满的丰满的Though Toms face has been washed quite clean,his neck still remains grubby.John usually wastes a lot of money on such useles
12、s things,his wife,however,is very thrifty.污秽的污秽的节约的节约的 In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way.Now,however,everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.Some human actions are learned,but quite a few other actions are innate.He has been getting better，but during the night his condition
13、deteriorated 混乱混乱 天生的天生的恶化变坏恶化变坏Thehouselookedquitenormaloutside，butinsideitwasveryexoticwithfascinatingobjectsondisplayWhichofthedefinitionsisclosestinmeaningtothewordexoticinthethirdparagraph?A.Messyanduntidy.B.RichandexpensiveC.Comfortableandcalming.D.foreignandunusualD异国的；奇异的异国的；奇异的 语语境境法法猜猜测测词词
14、义义 小小 结结表示对比、表示对比、类比或转折的常见词有类比或转折的常见词有_等，等，有时也用破折号或冒号等符号。有时也用破折号或冒号等符号。but,yet,however,while,unlike,in contrast,on the other hand,on the contrary,despite,in spite of,instead,rather than,though“Unlike vitamin C,leadership skills cant be easily swallowed down.They must be carefully cultivated.”The und
15、erlined word roughly means _.A.encouraged B.comparedC.examined D.developedEx3.Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic.The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.弹性的弹性的 混浊的混浊的 Since I could not afford
16、to purchase the original painting,I bought a replica.An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference.Hes such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.复制品复制品 精明的精明的 修剪修剪“But,”saidKim,“Ifeelthatsinceyouaremys
17、uperior,itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo.”A.full of respect B.B.too confident and rudeC.C.lacking in experience D.D.too shy and quiet放肆的；冒昧的；自以为是的放肆的；冒昧的；自以为是的 语语境境法法猜猜测测词词义义 小小 结结表示因果关系的信息词有_ _ _等。because,as,since,for,thus,so,so that,hence,therefore,as a resultThe homeless people may have
18、 become jobless and then been unable to pay their rent and so no longer have a roof over their heads.In paragraph 2,“a roof over their heads”most probably means _.A.a cap B.a car C.a home D.a coveringEx.4Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt,headlights,and good brakes.On the farm t
19、hey mainly raise poultry,such as chickens,ducks and geese,for their eggs and meat.家禽家禽装置装置The new couple bought a lot of household appliances,such as washing machine,fridge and microwave oven ect.Difined most broadly,folklore includes all the customes,belief and tradition that people have handed dow
20、m from generation to generation.家电家电民俗民俗语语境境法法猜猜测测词词义义 常用常用_等引出例子，可根据例子隶属的类别等引出例子，可根据例子隶属的类别归纳出总称词即词义归纳出总称词即词义。小小 结结for example,for instance,such as,in other words,that is to say,namely,or,also known as,refer toMany United Nations employees are polyglots:Mr.Jim,for example,speaks five languages flue
21、ntly.“polyglot”most probably means“_.”通晓多种语言的通晓多种语言的EX.5The old man put on his spectacles and began to read The door was so low that I hit the head on the lintel When you throw a stone into still water of a lake,you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water.眼镜眼镜门楣门楣波纹波纹 One of symp
22、toms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever.Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile,we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid.In the strong wind,the beggar shivered with the terrible cold.症状症状易挥发的易挥发的 颤抖颤抖 When a doctor performs an operation on a patient,he usually gives an a
23、naesthetic to make him unconscious,because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.Metal expands when heated and contracts when cooled.麻药麻药膨胀膨胀冷缩冷缩Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warmi
24、ng.The phrase“mopping up”in the paragraph means_.A.cleaning up B.taking in C.wiping out D.giving outChina will see the longest solar eclipse in 500 years on July 21,a scientist Wang said on Saturday.The total eclipse will last up to six minutes,and it is the longest eclipse that can be seen in China
25、 in almost years from 1814 to 2309,”he said.日蚀，月蚀日蚀，月蚀 语语境境法法猜猜测测词词义义 小小 结结根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将生词推测出来。己已有的常识将生词推测出来。因此平时因此平时多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，社会生活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，社会生活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词，猜测词义的能力自然就提高了。遇到生词，猜测词义的能力自然就提高了。Jane is usually prompt.Alate Bon time Cpl
26、eased Jane is usually prompt for her classesJane is usually prompt for all her classes，but she arrived in the middle of her first class.However,when you failed,you can overcome the difficulties if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation.This is the winner
27、s key to success.The underlined word remedy in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.A.avoid B.accept C.improve D.consider改进；补救改进；补救 According to the study,if the cat is adopted before the dog,and if they are introduced when still young(less than 6 months for cats,a year for dogs),it is highly prob
28、able that the two pets will get along swimmingly.Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.The underlined word swimmingly in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.A.early B.sweetly C.quickly D.smoothly容易地；顺利地容易地；顺利地语语境境法法猜猜测测词词义义 小小 结结所谓所谓“词不离句，句
29、不离章词不离句，句不离章“讲的就是对讲的就是对于词语或句子的正确理解依赖于一定的情于词语或句子的正确理解依赖于一定的情景。猜测生词义或句意时，景。猜测生词义或句意时，一定要认真一定要认真读懂与生词密切相关的前后句子读懂与生词密切相关的前后句子，进行，进行合合情合理的推测情合理的推测，排除肤浅的表义，选择蕴，排除肤浅的表义，选择蕴含在其中的深意。含在其中的深意。对句义的猜测对句义的猜测1.The biggest finding in brain research in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly plasti
30、c.If you ask your brain to learn,it will learn.By saying“the brain at any age is highly plastic”,the writer means the brain can be _ A.used B.mastered C.developed D.researched But its a two-way street.I just heard about a thousand Shenzhen office workers who have gone to Bangalore to train in softwa
31、re.Meanwhile,all the Indian IT majors are setting up a strong presence in China.（09辽宁卷）辽宁卷）What does“its a two way street”mean?A.China and India have different traffic rules.B.B.Tea trade works wanders in both India and ChinaC.C.Chinese products are popular in both China and D.IndiaE.D.The exchanges
32、 between India and China benefit F.both Exemplifying in Skills构词法与语境法派生法(Derivation)合成法(Compounding)转化法(Conversion)利用释义词(句)、举例或同位语利用对比、类比或转折词利用因果关系利用上下文构词法语境法 Inquiry-based Activities(I)探究活动探究活动 (1)(1)1.Therearesomeglaciersmovingdownthemountainvalleys.Aglacierisariverofice.A.雪山雪山B.树枝树枝C.冰河冰河D.冰冰2.He
33、isaresoluteman.Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething,hewontgiveituphalfway.A.weakB.firmC.kindD.clever小试身手3.Theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.A.workB.studyC.nameD.interestB.4.TheoldwomanhasastrangehabittoC.keepover100catsinherhouse.HerD.neighborallcallheranec
34、centriclady.E.A.爱猫的爱猫的B.古怪的古怪的C.闲不住闲不住D.动物保护主义动物保护主义者者F.5.InmanycountriestherearetwofinancialG.extremes,frompenurytogreatwealth.H.A.便士便士B.温饱温饱C.非常贫困非常贫困D.虚弱虚弱6.Mrs.Smithisloquaciouswhileherhusbandisthesilenttype.A.活泼的活泼的B.好动的好动的C.多嘴多舌的多嘴多舌的D.可爱的可爱的7.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhic
35、hwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.A.townB.capitalC.countrysideD.house8.Childrenarealwaysboasting.Theysaythingslike“MyDadscarisbiggerthanyourDads,”“MyMomissmarterthanyours.”and“Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours.”Theword“boasting”means_.A.骄傲骄傲B.吹牛吹牛C.顽皮顽皮D.幼稚幼稚 Inquiry-based Activities(II)探究活动探究活动 (2)(
36、2)Passage1Amanspositionamongtheblack-tentpeopledependsonhisancestors,relatives,andfellowtribesmen.Iftheyarehonored,heisalsohonored.Iftheyaredisgraced,hetooisdisgraced.Thereforeonecarefullyguardsthehonorofhisfamily,hislineage(宗系宗系),andhistribe.Theword“disgrace”means_inthistext.A.honorB.endangerC.prou
37、dD.shameDPassage2Therulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolutionhewasbanished.AfewmembersoftheSenate(参议院参议院)opposedthisdecision,butthemajorityvotedthattheruler shouldleavethecountryforever.Theunderlinedword“banished”mean_.A.killedbystoningB.sentawayC.imprisonedD.punishedbywhipping BPassage3
38、Myfirstjobwastodrivetheoxenthatploughedthecanefields.Iwouldwalkbehindanox,guidinghimwithabroomstick.For$1aday,Iworkedeighthoursstraight,withnofoodbreaks.Itwasverytediouswork,butitpreparedmeforlifeandtaughtmemanylastinglessons.Becausetheplantationownerswerealwayswatchingus,Ihadtobeontimeeverydayandwo
39、rkashardasIcould.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tedious”probablymean?A.interestingB.tiresomeC.relaxingD.challengingBPassage4Althoughheoftenhadthechance,Mr.Brownwasneverabletostealmoneyfromacustomer.Thiswouldendangeredhispositionatthebank,andhedidnotwanttojeopardizehisfuture.Theword“jeopardize”means_inthi
40、stext.A.protectB.endangerC.continueD.stopBPassage5Afterafour-yearrelationshipwithamajorfortune100companybeginningasasalestraineeandendingasaregionalsalesmanager,Ileftthecompanyattheheightofmycareer.ManypeoplewereastoundedthatIwouldleaveafterearningasix-figureincome.AndtheyaskedwhyIwouldriskeverythin
41、gforadream.Theunderlinedword“astounded”means_.A.verysadB.verysorryC.verypleasedD.greatlysurprisedD举例举例归纳归纳生活生活常识常识上下上下推断推断对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系同义同义同位同位定义定义解释解释猜猜How to guess the meaning of words?Unfamiliar word is to English reading what setback is to our life.You can choose to ignore it or turn to others for help,but most of time you will have to overcome it on your own.No matter what difficulty you come across in your life,remember that as long as you dont lose heart,you are sure to find a way out.Reading makes a full man;conference a ready man;and writing an exact man.读书使人充实,讨论使人机敏,写作使人严谨。-培根